應(yīng)用型大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程四u1.ppt

應(yīng)用型大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,應(yīng)用型大學(xué)英語(yǔ)系列教材,Book 4,2,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Language in Use,Enhancement of Language Abilities,Unit Six,Table of Contents,Language Skills Development,3,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Focus1 content,Starter,Text: A horseman in the sky,Working with words and phrases,Discussion,Practice: interpreting,Practice: translation,Practice: writing,Surfing the Internet,Highlights,Table of Contents,Part 1 Language Skills Development,4,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,focus1highlights,Highlights S: A song: my own true love L: A letter to a mother R: A horseman in the sky W: Patterns of organization (4): cause and effect: chain organization Internet work: Summarizing a story found online,Part 1 Language Skills Development,5,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,1. Starter,focus1starter,A. Read the lyrics of a song. Listen to the tape or CD and sing along.,6,B. Listen to a letter (simplified) written to a mother and answer the following questions.,focus1starter,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,1. Starter,Mind Map heroically / ad. 英勇無(wú)畏地 cannot but禁不住，不得不 consolation / n. 安慰，慰藉 cherish / vt. 珍愛(ài)，愛(ài)護(hù) sacrifice / n. 犧牲,7,1. Who was the receiver of the letter? What happened to her, according to the letter? 2. Who wrote the letter? And what do you know about him? 3. What was the purpose of the letter?,focus1starter,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,1. Starter,The receiver was a mother of five sons who lost their lives on the battlefield.,Abraham Lincoln wrote the letter. He was the sixteenth American president, one of the greatest leaders in American history.,The purpose of the letter was to console the mother for her loss of her five sons on the battlefield and to thank her for her great sacrifice for the unity and freedom of the country.,8,focus1starter,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,1. Starter,Dear Madam: I have just learned from a report by the War Department that you are the mother of five sons who have died heroically on the battlefield. I feel that whatever I say or do can hardly make you feel less painful for suffering such a great loss. But I cannot but attempt to give you my deepest sympathy and consolation that may be found in the thanks of the Republic they died to save. I pray that God may relieve your anguish and leave you only the cherished memory of the loved and lost, and the great pride that must be yours to have made so costly a sacrifice for the unity and freedom of our country. Yours very sincerely and respectfully, Abraham Lincoln,9,focus1text,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Text Organization,10,focus1text,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Text Organization,11,focus1text,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Text Organization,12,focus1text,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,1 Carter Druse was born in Virginia. He loved his parents, his home, and the South. But he loved his country, too. One morning in the autumn of 1861, when the country was ravaged by a terrible civil war, the young Virginian said, quietly but gravely, “Father, a Union regiment has arrived. I am going to join it.”,Translation,空中騎兵 1 卡特德魯茲出生在弗吉尼亞州。他熱愛(ài)自己的父母、自己的家鄉(xiāng)以及南方這片土地。但他同樣也深愛(ài)著自己的祖國(guó)。1861年秋季的一個(gè)早晨,也正是國(guó)家倍受內(nèi)戰(zhàn)煎熬之時(shí)，這位年輕的弗吉尼亞人平靜而嚴(yán)肅地說(shuō)：“父親，來(lái)了一個(gè)聯(lián)邦軍團(tuán)，我要去參加他們的軍隊(duì)?！?上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Union: It refers to the Northern states of the US during the American Civil War. Note the capitalized initial of the word. When union is used as a common noun, it can refer to an organization formed by workers to protect their rights, or a group of states or countries under the control of one government.,13,focus1text,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,2 The old man looked at his only son for a moment, too shocked to speak. Then he said, “As of this moment you are a traitor to the South. Please dont tell your mother about your decision. She is sick, and we both know she has only a few weeks to live.”,Translation,2 老人看著他唯一的兒子，一時(shí)震驚得說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。過(guò)了一會(huì)，他說(shuō)：“從現(xiàn)在起你就背叛南方了。請(qǐng)不要把你的決定告訴你母親，她正病著，而且我們都知道她活不了幾個(gè)星期了?！?上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Questions about Paras. 1-2,as of: 自起 e.g. As of 6th April 1999, all gifts to charities will be free of tax.,Meaning: From now on you turn yourself into an enemy of the South. Please dont mention this to (keep it a secret from) your mother. She is so sick that her days are numbered.,14,focus1text,1. Where was Carter Druses home?,It was in Virginia.,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,2. What army was Carter Druse going to join?,He was going to join the Union Army.,3. Why did Carters father say to his son that “you are a traitor to the South”?,Because their home, Virginia, was a Southern state, and the Union was its enemy.,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,15,focus1text,3 Carters father paused, again looking deep into his sons eyes. “Carter,” he said, “no matter what happens be sure you always do what you think is your duty.” 4 Both Carter Druse and his father left the table that morning with a broken heart. And Carter soon left his home, and everyone he loved, to wear the blue uniform of the Union soldier.,Translation,3 卡特的父親頓了頓，再次深深注視著兒子的眼睛?！翱ㄌ?，”他說(shuō)，“無(wú)論發(fā)生什么事，一定要完成你心目中應(yīng)盡的職責(zé)?！?4 那天早上卡特德魯茲和父親離開(kāi)餐桌時(shí)都很傷心。不久，卡特離開(kāi)了家，離開(kāi)了所有他愛(ài)的人，穿上了聯(lián)邦軍士兵的藍(lán)色制服。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,16,focus1text,5 One sunny afternoon, a few weeks later, Carter Druse lay at full length upon his stomach, his feet resting upon his toes, his head upon his left forearm. His extended right hand loosely grasped his rifle. He was sleeping while on duty. If detected he would be dead shortly afterward, death being the just and legal penalty of his crime. Fortunately, no one could see him. He was hidden by some bushes, growing by the side of the road.,Translation,5 幾周后一個(gè)陽(yáng)光明媚的下午，卡特德魯茲直挺挺地俯臥著，腳尖頂?shù)?，頭枕著左前臂，攤開(kāi)的右手松散地握著來(lái)復(fù)槍他在放哨時(shí)睡著了，一旦被發(fā)現(xiàn)，他會(huì)即刻丟掉性命，而死亡是對(duì)他的罪行公正合法的懲罰。幸運(yùn)的是，沒(méi)有人看到他，因?yàn)樗宦愤叺墓嗄緟舱谧×恕?上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Question about Para. 5,at full length：全身伸展地；詳盡地 e.g. He is so tall that he cant lie at full length in my bed. I think we have discussed the problem at full length.,lie upon / on ones stomach: 俯臥 e.g. Emma was lying upon her stomach on the beach in the sunshine. cf. lie on ones back / side,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,17,focus1text,4. What would happen if Carter was found sleeping at his post?,If he was found sleeping at his post, he would be killed at once as punishment for his crime.,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,18,focus1text,6 The road Carter Druse had been sent to guard was only a few miles from his fathers house. 7 It began in a forest, down in the valley, and climbed up the side of a huge rock. Anyone standing on the top of this high rock would be able to see down into the valley. And that person would feel very dizzy, looking down.,Translation,6 卡特德魯茲奉命放哨的這條路離他父親的住宅只有幾英里的距離。 7 路從峽谷下的一片森林延伸到一塊巨大的山巖上。任何一個(gè)人站在這塊高高的山巖上都能看到下面的深谷。往下看，會(huì)令人頭暈?zāi)垦！?上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Note that “l(fā)ooking down” is a present participial phrase modifying the subject.,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,19,focus1text,8 Hidden in the valleys forest were five Union regiments thousands of Carters fellow soldiers. They had marched for thirty-six hours. Now they were resting. But at midnight they would climb that road up the rocky cliff.,Translation,8 北方聯(lián)邦軍的五個(gè)步兵團(tuán)數(shù)千名卡特的戰(zhàn)友隱藏在谷底的森林中。他們剛剛行進(jìn)了36個(gè)小時(shí)，現(xiàn)在正在休息，但午夜時(shí)分他們將沿著那條路攀爬到石崖上。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,regiment: n. C（軍隊(duì)的）團(tuán) cf. squad班；platoon排；company連；battalion營(yíng)；regiment團(tuán)；brigade旅；division師；army集團(tuán)軍，兵團(tuán),2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,20,focus1text,9 Their plan was to attack by surprise an army of Southerners, camped on the other side of the cliff. But if their enemy learned about the Union Army hiding in the forest, the soldiers would find themselves in a trap with no escape. That was why Carter Druse had been sent to the road to make sure that no enemy soldier spied on the valley, where the Union Army was hiding.,Translation,9 他們的計(jì)劃是突襲宿營(yíng)在懸崖另一側(cè)的南方軍部隊(duì)，但是如果敵方知道聯(lián)邦軍隱藏在森林里，北方的士兵就會(huì)陷入困境，難以脫身。這正是卡特德魯茲受命在這條路上放哨的原因。他的職責(zé)就是確保沒(méi)有敵軍士兵偵察聯(lián)邦軍藏身的峽谷。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Questions about Para. 9,attack (sb.) by surprise: 出其不意地攻擊某人，突襲 e.g. Pearl Harbor was attacked by surprise and suffered a heavy loss. King though it is, the lion has to capture a prey by attacking it by surprise.,spy on:偵查，打探 e.g. He was charged with spying on American military bases in Iraq. He was paid by the police to spy on other suspects.,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,21,focus1text,5. What was the plan of Carters army?,Their plan was to attack by surprise an army of Southerners camped on the other side of the cliff.,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,6. What was Carters duty as a guard in the bushes?,He had been sent to the road to make sure that no enemy soldier spied on the valley, where the Union Army was hiding.,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,22,focus1text,10 But Carter Druse had fallen asleep. Suddenly, as if a messenger of fate came to touch him on the shoulder, the young man opened his eyes. As he lifted his head, he saw a man on horseback standing on the huge rocky cliff. His first feeling was a keen artistic delight. (To be continued),Translation,10 然而卡特德魯茲卻睡著了。突然，仿佛命運(yùn)信使拍了拍他的肩膀，這位年輕人睜開(kāi)了眼睛。他抬起頭望去，只見(jiàn)在那塊巨大的石崖頂部，有個(gè)人正端坐在馬背上。他的第一感覺(jué)是一種強(qiáng)烈的藝術(shù)震撼。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Note that it is idiomatic in English to say “to touch / hit / pat sb. on / in part of his / her body” rather than to say “to touch / hit / pat part of ones body”. e.g. The lady struck the robber in the face and knocked him down.,Meaning: Suddenly, Carter woke up just at a critical juncture, as if it were the work of God sending an angel to awake him.,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,23,focus1text,On the colossal pedestal of the cliff was a statue of impressive dignity. Carter could not see the mans face, because the rider was looking down into the valley. The figure of the man sat on the figure of the horse, straight and soldierly, but with the repose of a Grecian god carved in the marble which limits the suggestion of activity.,Translation,在懸崖這個(gè)巨大的基座上，矗立著一尊莊嚴(yán)的雕像。那位騎兵正俯視谷底，卡特看不見(jiàn)他的臉。男子坐在馬背上，腰板挺直，頗具軍人風(fēng)度，如同古希臘神的大理石雕像般平靜安詳、紋絲不動(dòng)。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Question about Para. 10,soldierly: a. 有軍人氣質(zhì)的；英武的 e.g. soldierly courage 軍人的勇氣；soldierly manner 軍人風(fēng)度 cf. manly有男子漢氣概的，強(qiáng)壯的；womanly女人味的；scholarly有學(xué)者風(fēng)度的,suggestion: n. U 暗示；聯(lián)想；跡象 e.g. The slogans on the wall gave the suggestion of the past. There was never any suggestion of criminal involvement.,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,24,focus1text,7. How did Carter feel at the first sight of the horseman standing on the cliff?,At the sight of the horseman, his first feeling was a keen artistic delight, as if he was admiring a statue of impressive dignity.,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,25,focus1text,11 Carter discovered he was very much afraid, even though he knew the enemy soldier could not see him hiding in the bushes. 12 Suddenly the horse moved, pulling back its head from the edge of the cliff. Wide awake, Carter was alive to the significance of the situation now. He raised his gun and aimed for the horsemans heart. A small squeeze of the trigger, and Carter Druse would have done his duty.,Translation,11 盡管卡特清楚敵兵看不到他正藏于灌木叢中，他還是感到極度恐懼。 12 突然，馬動(dòng)了一下，從懸崖邊后退了一些?？ㄌ噩F(xiàn)在完全清醒了，他意識(shí)到眼前形勢(shì)非常嚴(yán)峻。他端起槍，瞄準(zhǔn)了騎手的心臟。只要輕輕一扣扳機(jī)，卡特德魯茲就算完成任務(wù)了。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,be alive to sth.: 意識(shí)到，注意到 e.g. The company is alive to the threat posed by foreign imports.,Meaning: Carter was completely awake, and he realized how serious the situation was.,aim for / at: 瞄準(zhǔn)，對(duì)準(zhǔn) e.g. He was aiming at the tree but he missed.,squeeze: n. C 擠壓；捏 e.g. He gave her shoulder a comforting squeeze. squeeze 還可以引申，意為“擠，塞（的狀況）”。 e.g. We managed to get all the luggage into the car but it was a tight squeeze.,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,26,focus1text,13 At that instant, the horseman turned his head and looked in Carters direction. He seemed to look at Carters face, into his eyes, and deep into his brave, generous heart. 14 Carters face became very white. His entire body began shaking. His mind began to race. In his fantasy, the horse and rider became black figures, rising and falling in slow circles against a fiery red sky.,Translation,13 就在那一瞬間，騎手轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)頭，朝卡特的方向望過(guò)來(lái)，好像正看著他的臉龐、他的眼睛，直視他勇敢寬容的心靈。 14 卡特的臉頓時(shí)煞白，渾身顫抖，腦海里思緒翻滾。虛幻中，騎手和馬變成了黑色的影子，在火紅的天空下緩緩地繞著圈升起、落下。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,fantasy: n. C, U 想象；幻想 e.g. He dismissed the story as “pure fantasy”. romantic fantasies of love,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,27,focus1text,15 Carter did not pull the trigger. Instead, he let go of his gun. 16 Brave and strong as he was, Carter almost fainted from the shock of what he had seen. 17 Is it so terrible to kill an enemy who might kill you and your friends? Carter knew that this man must be shot from ambush without warning.,Translation,15 卡特沒(méi)有扣動(dòng)扳機(jī)，而是松開(kāi)了槍。 16 盡管他勇敢而堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，卡特還是被眼前的景象震驚了，幾乎暈倒過(guò)去。 17 殺死一個(gè)有可能置你和戰(zhàn)友于死地的敵人是件可怕的事嗎？卡特知道，他必須不加警告，從潛伏處將這個(gè)人擊斃。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Meaning: Although he was so brave and strong, Carter was so shocked at what he had seen that he almost lost his senses.,let go of: 松手，放開(kāi) e.g. Let go of him. He is only a passer-by. She refused to let go of her bag and kicked the robber several times.,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,28,focus1text,18 Slowly, a hope began to form in Carter Druses mind. Perhaps the Southern soldier had not seen the Northern troops. 19 Perhaps he was only admiring the view. Perhaps he would now turn and ride carelessly away. 20 Then Carter looked down into the valley and saw a line of men in blue uniforms, slowly leaving the forest and bringing their horses to a stream. And there they were in plain sight!,Translation,18 慢慢地，卡特心里浮現(xiàn)出一絲希望：也許這個(gè)南方軍士兵并沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)北方軍部隊(duì)。 19 也許他僅僅在欣賞風(fēng)景。也許他會(huì)調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)馬頭，漫不經(jīng)心地離去。 20 卡特低頭往峽谷望去，只見(jiàn)身穿藍(lán)色制服的士兵排成一條線，正緩緩離開(kāi)森林，牽著馬去一條小溪飲水。他們讓自己的行蹤完全暴露了！,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,29,focus1text,21 Carter Druse looked back to the man and horse standing there against the sky. Again he took aim. But this time he pointed his gun at the horse. Words rang in his head the last words his father ever spoke to him: “No matter what happens, be sure you always do what you think is your duty.” 22 Carter Druse was calm as he pulled the trigger of his gun.,Translation,21 卡特德魯茲的視線重新回到藍(lán)天映襯下矗立著的騎手和馬的身上。他再次瞄準(zhǔn)，但這次他瞄準(zhǔn)的是馬。他耳邊響起那些話他父親最后說(shuō)的那些話：“無(wú)論發(fā)生什么事，一定要完成你心目中應(yīng)盡的職責(zé)?！?22 扣動(dòng)扳機(jī)那一瞬間，卡特德魯茲非常平靜。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,Pay attention to the meaning of the preposition against: here it means “with sth. in the background, as a contrast (以為背景，襯托)”. e.g. The picture looks good against that light wall. The dark ruins of the castle stood out against the evening sky.,Question about Para. 21,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,30,focus1text,8. Why did Carter shoot the horse instead of the man?,In order to save his army, Carter knew the man must be killed, but he could not bring himself to shoot at his own father, so he shot the horse instead.,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,31,focus1text,23 At that moment, a Union officer happened to look up from his hiding place near the edge of the forest. His eyes climbed to the top of the cliff that looked over the valley. 24 And then the officer saw something that filled his heart with horror. A man on a horse was riding down into the valley through the air!,Translation,23 與此同時(shí)，一個(gè)聯(lián)邦軍軍官無(wú)意中從森林邊緣的隱蔽處往上看，目光落在俯瞰峽谷的懸崖頂上。 24 接著，軍官看到了令他恐怖的一幕個(gè)人騎著馬，正從空中向峽谷沖下來(lái)。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,32,focus1text,25 The rider sat straight, a strong clutch upon the reins to hold his charger from too impetuous a plunge. From his bare head his long hair streamed upward. His hands were concealed in the cloud of the horses lifted mane. The horse looked as if it were galloping across the sky. Its body was proud and noble.,Translation,25 騎手端坐著，勒緊了韁繩，避免戰(zhàn)馬過(guò)于沖動(dòng)。他沒(méi)戴帽子，長(zhǎng)發(fā)飛舞，雙手被揚(yáng)起的濃密馬鬃蓋住。那匹馬威風(fēng)凜凜，仿佛正在橫跨天空。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,impetuous: a. 魯莽的；性急的；沖動(dòng)的 e.g. He is thought to be an impetuous young man.,conceal: vt. 隱藏；隱蔽；隱瞞 e.g. He concealed himself behind a tree. Concealing evidence from the police is a serious offense.,Meaning: Sitting straight on the horse, the rider held the reins tightly in order to restrain the horse from jumping down recklessly.,Meaning: His hands were buried in the thick mass of long hair on the horses neck.,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,33,focus1text,26 As the frightened Union officer watched this horseman in the sky, he almost believed he was witnessing a messenger from Heaven. At almost the same instant, he heard a crashing sound in the trees. The sound died without an echo. And all was silent.,Translation,26 驚恐的聯(lián)邦軍軍官望著天空中的騎手，幾乎已經(jīng)認(rèn)定自己見(jiàn)到了上天派來(lái)的信使。幾乎在同一時(shí)刻，他聽(tīng)到林中傳來(lái)一聲槍響，一切又恢復(fù)了寂靜。,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,34,focus1text,27 The officer got to his feet, still shaking. He went back to his camp. But he didnt tell anyone what he had seen. He knew no one would ever believe him. 28 Soon after firing his gun, Carter Druse was joined by a Union sergeant. 29 “Did you fire?” the sergeant whispered. 30 “Yes.”,Translation,27 軍官顫抖著站了起來(lái)，回到自己的營(yíng)地。他沒(méi)有對(duì)任何人透露自己見(jiàn)到的一切。他知道沒(méi)人會(huì)相信他。 28 特德魯茲開(kāi)槍后不久，一位中士來(lái)到他身邊。 29“你開(kāi)槍了？”中士小聲問(wèn)。 30 “是的。”,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,get to ones feet: 站起來(lái) e.g. He got to his feet quickly when he heard the doorbell ring. cf. leap / stagger to ones feet get one / oneself on ones feet,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,35,focus1text,31 “At what?” 32 “A horse. It was on that rock. Its not there now. It went over the cliff.” Carters face was white. But he showed no other sign of emotion. The sergeant did not understand. 33 “See here, Druse,” he said, after a moments silence. “Why are you making this into a mystery? I order you to report. Was there anyone on the horse?” 34 “Yes.” 35 “Who? ” 36 “My father.”,Translation,31 “朝什么開(kāi)槍？” 32 “一匹馬，就在那邊的山巖上。它現(xiàn)在不在那兒了。掉下懸崖了?！笨ㄌ啬樕n白，沒(méi)有一絲其他的情緒。中士困惑不解。 33 沉默了一會(huì)兒，他說(shuō)：“喂，德魯茲，不要故弄玄虛。我命令你報(bào)告實(shí)情。馬背上有人嗎？” 34 “有?！?35 “誰(shuí)？” 36 “我父親?！?上海交通大學(xué)出版社,2. Text: A Horseman in the Sky,36,Focus1words&phrases,4. Working with words and phrases,A. Match the words (18) in the text with their definitions (ah).,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,d,g,h,a,c,b,e,f,37,1. Though he is the danger of the work, he has still applied for it. 2. The manager was surprised when he came back and found his secretary sitting in his chair with her feet his big desk.,Focus1words&phrases,4. Working with words and phrases,B. Complete the following sentences with appropriate phrases in the text.,上海交通大學(xué)出版社,alive to,resting upon,38,3. Under the influence of alcohol its hard to stay _ while driving. 4. of the chemical, and the carrier would blow himself into pieces. 5. The Japanese officer didnt open fire. Instead he his hand