句型結構和句子種類.ppt

句型結構和句子種類,句型結構和句子種類,根據(jù)使用目的：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句,根據(jù)結構：簡單句、并列句和復合句,The Five Simple Sentence Structures,陳述句,1. S+V,2. S+V+O,3. S+V+O1+O2,4. S+V+O+Oc,5. S+V+P,1. S+V,主語+謂語,e.g. 1. I came at 7:30 a.m.,2. He left early in the morning.,2. S+V+O,主語+謂語+賓語,e.g. 1. I am learning English now,2. Do you like reading?,3. He decided to go with us.,4. You said you were born in Shanghai.,3. S+V+O1+O2,主語+謂語+雙賓語,e.g. 1. Ill show you my new CD.,2. (you) Tell me the truth,3. Mom bought me a bag.,4. Can you do me a favor ?,4. S+V+O+Oc,主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語,e.g. 1. I saw him come in.,2. She asked me to come.,3. What brought you here ?,4. We call him Jim.,5. S+V+P,主語+系動詞+表語,e.g. 1. I am feeling terrible.,2. Are you a college boy?,3. It sounds interesting.,4. He was not home yesterday.,Tell the Structure of Each of the Following Sentences: 指出以下各句的句型：,1. Where are you from?,2. Who did that?,3. Let him in, please.,4. Father made me lots of toys.,5. She made me very angry.,6. He promised to come for the party.,7. George W. Bush was made president not long ago.,8. -Do you mind if I smoke? -Do you care if I die?,9. Do you mind me smoking? Do you mind my smoking?,10. You look well today.,祈使句的否定： 句首加dont Dont be late again. 2. Have 的否定： 表示有： dont have/havent; 作為完成式里的助動詞： havent 3. 否定轉(zhuǎn)移：think/suppose/imagine/believe/expect/guess 等動詞所接的賓語從句中，從句中謂語動詞的否定應前移到這些動詞之前 I dont believe what he said is true.,否定式陳述句,4. Be no 在帶引導詞there的句子中表示“不可能 無法” Theres no knowing what may happen. Theres no denying/ doubt that 5. None作副詞時，常與the 加比較級連用，或與too, so 連用，表示“一點也不” He is none the better for our help. I am none so fond of watching TV.,否定式陳述句,6. 部分否定與全部否定 在英語中，把表示整體概念的不定代詞all /both /every /everybody /everything /everywhere, 副詞always 與否定副詞not 搭配時表示的是部分否定。而用no/ neither/ none/ nobody/ nothing/ never等詞表示全部否定。 Not all the students handed in their papers. None of the students handed in their papers. Not both of them/ Neither of them want to go.,否定式陳述句,7. 雙重否定 在一個單句或從句中有兩個否定的詞語稱為雙重否定。表達肯定意義，起到加強語氣的作用。 Impossible is nothing. We can not sit by and do nothing. There is no one but has a few faults.,否定式陳述句,8.具有否定意義的肯定結構 She missed my point. One year the rains failed to come. Such a problem is above/beyond me. It is anything but bad. It is far from satisfactory.,否定式陳述句,一般疑問句：Arent you free tonight? Yes, I am. (不， 我有空。) No, I am not. (是的， 我沒有空。) 特殊疑問句:wh- +do you think (believe/imagine/suppose) + 其它部分 Who do you think come to see me? 選擇疑問句：Which subject do you like best, maths or English? 反意疑問句：The twins cant swim, can they?,疑問句,反意疑問句 (1) 構成 A. to be He isnt here, is he? They were at the match, werent they? B. to have/has You have a son, havent you? You have a son, dont you? He often has colds, doesnt he?,C. 情態(tài)動詞 You cant read this, can you? She should have a rest, shouldnt she? He must be waiting for us, isnt he? D. 助動詞 Youll be here, wont you? She has finished her work, hasnt she? You didnt order the cheese, did you?,E. 實意動詞(簡略疑問句由助動詞構成) She gets up early in the morning, doesnt she? We need some salad, dont we? They went to Beijing last year, didnt they? F.特殊情況 Lets go to the cinema, shall we? Let us know whats happened, will you? 祈使句的反意疑問句用will you, could you, can you , cant you 表示告訴人們該做什么； 用wont you 表示邀請。 have a dinner with us, wont you?,F.特殊情況 當稱述句的主語為nobody/none/no one/ anybody/everybody/everyone等表示不定代詞或指人的all/ these/those, 反意疑問句常用they 做主語。 None of his friends are interested, are they? Everyone knows the answer, dont they? * None of his friends is interested, is he? 當稱述句的主語為nothing/anything/everything等表示不定代詞或非指人的all/ this/that, 反意疑問句常用it做主語。 Everything is all right, isnt it?,F.特殊情況 當稱述句的主語為this/ that 其反意部分用it；如果是these, those 其反意部分用they. This remains a question, doesnt it? Those who break the law deserve punishing, dont they? 當陳述部分是there be 句型， 反意部分仍用there be。 There is nothing wrong with the clock, is there?,F.特殊情況 I dont think he can finish the work, can he? 稱述部分是復合句時，反意疑問句的主語與主句保持一致，但當稱述句是第一人稱I (think/consider/suppose/believe/ imagine)等接的賓語從句時，反意疑問句的主語應與從句保持一致。 He was not in when I rang you up, was he? 陳述部分是并列句，反意疑問句通常與最臨近的分句保持一致。 He is a teacher, but his wife is an engineer, isnt she?,F.特殊情況 He has few good reasons for staying, has he? 若陳述部分中含有no, none, neither, nobody, nothing, few, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom等表示否定的詞， 該部分被視為否定，反意疑問句應為肯定句。 He dislike candy, doesnt he? 若陳述部分的否定詞帶有否定前綴，該陳述句部分做肯定句處理，反意疑問句仍用否定式。,F.特殊情況 稱述句部分為不定式、動名詞或句子，反意疑問句一律用it 做主語。 What he lacks is courage, isnt it? To get rid of a bad habit is not easy, isnt it Im the next, arent I? He used to get up early, didnt he/ usednt he? I wish to go home now, may I？ He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he/ shouldnt he?,F.特殊情況 Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you? Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you? What colours, arent they? Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? neither nor, either or 連接并列主語時，反意部分根據(jù)實際邏輯意義而定。,練習 There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, _? wasnt there B. was there C didnt it D. did it Mrs. Black doesnt believe her son is able to design a digital camera, _? (SH02) is he B. isnt he C. doesnt she D. does she Bills aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _? (SH04) A. isnt it B. is it C. isnt he D. is he,練習 There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _?(SH04S) didnt they B. dont they C mustnt they D. havent they I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, _? (SH01) do I B. dont I C. will they D. wont he You had one of your teeth pulled out yesterday, _? (SH00S) A. had you B. hadnt you C. did you D. didnt you,練習 - It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night. -My God! _.(SH99) So did I B. So I did C So were you D. So did you Tommy caught the school bus, _. (SH98) A. and Jane did neither B. but so did Jane