研究生英語goodtastebadtaste.ppt

Good Taste, Bad Taste,Postgraduate English Intensive Reading (I),Unit Seven,About the Author Words Study Phrases Language Points Exercises Assignment,Unit 7,About the Author,Stephen Bayley: (1951 ) British design consultant, writer, exhibition organizer and museum administrator; born on October 13, 1951, at Cardiff. He attended Quarry Bank School, Liverpool, Manchester University and Liverpool School of Architecture, and graduated with an M.A. He worked as Lecturer in History of Art at the Open University in 1974-1976 and the University of Kent in 19761980; director of Conran Foundation and subsequently the Boilerhouse Project and the Design Museum in 19801990; principal of Eye-Q Ltd . (design consultancy, now Redwood and Bayley Ltd.) in 1990 onwards; contributing editor of GQ in 1991 onwards. He lectured throughout the UK and abroad. Periodical Publishers Association Magazine granted him Columnist of the Year 1995, and France gave him Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres. His publications include: In Good Shape (1979), The Albert Memorial (1981), Conran Directory of Design (1985), Sex, Drink and Fast Cars (1986), Commerce and Culture (1989), Taste (1991), General Knowledge (1996), and many contributions to newspapers and magazines. His leisure interests include travel-related services, solitary sports, books. This passage deals with the subject of taste. Individuals differ in their tastes as well as in their accepts of what constitutes good taste. The passage provides a basis on which further discussions can be conducted and readers are encouraged to air their own views.,Words Study,sketch n. 1) a simple, rough drawing done quickly without much detail e.g. He has done a new sketch of Lady Gregory. The artists made several sketches before beginning the final painting. 2) a brief written or spoken description; an outline e.g. The book began with a sketch of the authors life. I will give you a sketch of what has happened.,Words Study,enchant v. fill with delight; charm The beautiful house enchanted everyone who saw it. He was enchanted by / with the idea. We were enchanted with the performance of opera. (The performance of the opera enchanted us.) enchanting adj. She is an enchanting girl. I have long thought of it as the most enchanting village in England. enchanted adj. The musicians were given a standing ovation (enthusiastic, prolonged applause) by the enchanted audience.,Words Study,recurrent adj. happening again and again; repeated e.g. He suffers from recurrent pains in his head. Inflation will be the recurrent problem we must face. She tried to rid herself of the recurrent memories of her unhappy childhood.,Words Study,restraint n. quality of being calm or controlled, of not showing strong feelings e.g. I think you showed great restraint in not hitting him after what he said. The wise man exercises restraint in his behavior and enjoyments. A work of art should show just the right amount of restraint.,Words Study,alternative n. a chance to choose or decide between two or more possible things, courses of action, etc.; something that may be taken or chosen instead of one or more others e.g. Im afraid I have no alternative but to cancel the project. There is but one alternative, we must leave. The judge offered the criminal the alternative of a fine or six months in prison.,Words Study,excess n. something more than is reasonable; lack of moderation e.g. His excesses in drinking shortened his life. An excess of rain may cause disastrous consequences. to excess e.g. It is harmful to eat to excess. She is generous to excess. Dont carry your grief to excess.,More to learn,Words Study,-ation probation / prE5beiFEn / n. 1.緩(刑)期，(以觀后效的)察看；2.試用(期)，試讀(期) specification / 7spesifi5keiFEn / n. 1.(常pl.)規(guī)格，規(guī)范；2.明確說明；3.(產(chǎn)品等的)說明書 complication / 7kCmpli5keiF(E)n / n. 1.(新出現(xiàn)的)困難，難題；2.并發(fā)癥 irrigation / 7iri5eiFEn / n. 灌溉 reconciliation / 7rekEnsili5eiFEn / n. 和解，調(diào)和 aviation / 7eivi5eiFEn / n. 1.航空，航空學(xué)；2.飛機制造業(yè) abbreviation / E7bri:vi5eiFEn / n. 縮寫詞 revelation / 7revi5leiFEn / n. 1.被揭示的真相，(驚人的)新發(fā)現(xiàn)；2.揭示，透露，顯示 circulation / 7sE:kju5leiFEn / n. 1.(體液的)循環(huán)，(水、空氣等的)流通；2.流傳，傳播，發(fā)行；3.發(fā)行量； 4.(貨幣等的)流通 automation / C:tE5meiFEn / n. 自動化(技術(shù))，自動操作 indignation / 7indi5neiFEn / n. 憤怒，憤慨，義憤 discrimination / dis7krimi5neiFEn / n. 1.歧視；2.辨別力，識別力 assassination / E7sAsi5neiFEn / n. 刺殺，暗殺 ration / 5rAFEn / n. 1.配給量，定量；2.(常pl.)給養(yǎng)，口糧 vt. 配給供應(yīng)，定量供應(yīng) federation / 7fedE5reiFEn / n. 1.聯(lián)合會；2.聯(lián)邦 collaboration / kE7lAbE5reiFEn / n. 1.(with) 與協(xié)作，與合作；2.與勾結(jié) configuration / kEn7fiju5reiFEn / n. 配置，布局，構(gòu)造 sensation / sen5seiFEn / n. 1.(感觀的)感覺能力；2.感知，知覺；3.轟動，引起轟動的事件(或人物) vegetation / 7vedVi5teiFEn / n. 植物，草木 meditation / medi5teiFEn / n. 1.默想，默念；2.沉思，冥想，沉思錄 imitation / imi5teiFEn / n. 1.模仿；2.仿制，仿制品；3.贗品 sanitation / sAni5teiFEn / n. 公共衛(wèi)生，衛(wèi)生設(shè)施 orientation / 7C:rien5teiFEn / n. 1.方向，目標，方位；2.熟悉情況，適應(yīng)，情況介紹 notation / nEu5teiFEn / n. 記號，標記法 dissertation / 7disE(:)5teiFEn / n. 專題論文，學(xué)位論文 salvation / sAl5veiFEn / n. 1.拯救，解救；2.解救措施 innovation / 7inEu5veiFEn / n. 1.新方法，新事物；2.革新，創(chuàng)新,Words Study,-eous hideous / 5hidiEs / adj. 極其丑陋的，難看的 gorgeous / 5C:dVEs / adj. 1.華麗的，燦爛的，絢麗的；2.令 人十分愉快的，極好的 simultaneous / 7saimEl5teiniEs, 7simEl5teinjEs / adj. 同時發(fā)生 的，同時存在的，同步的 instantaneous / 7instEn5teinjEs / adj. 瞬間的，即刻的 homogeneous / 7hCmEu5dVi:njEs / adj. 同種類的，同性質(zhì) 的，有相同特征的 erroneous / i5rEunjEs / adj. 錯誤的，不正確的 courteous / 5kE:tjEs / adj. 彬彬有禮的，客氣的,Words Study,re- reassure / ri:E5FuE / vt. 使放心 reclaim / ri5kleim / vt. 要回，開墾(荒地)，回收 reconciliation / 7rekEnsili5eiFEn / n. 和解，調(diào)和 recur / ri5kE: / vi. 再發(fā)生，重現(xiàn) refreshment / ri5freFmEnt / n. 1.(pl.)茶點，點心；2.(精力的)恢復(fù)，精 神爽快 refund / ri:5fQnd / n. 退款 vt. 退還(錢款) rehabilitate / 7ri:hE5biliteit / vt. 1.改造(罪犯等)，使恢復(fù)正常生活；2. 使恢復(fù)原狀，修復(fù)；3.恢復(fù)的名譽 renovate / 5renEuveit / vt. 修復(fù)，整修如新 repay / ri:5pei / vt. 1.歸還(款項)；2.報答 repel / ri5pel / vt. 1.使厭惡；2.擊退，逐回，驅(qū)逐；3.排斥 reprisal / ri5praizEl / n. 報復(fù)，報復(fù)行動 retrieve / ri5tri:v / vt. 1.重新得到，取回，收回；2.挽回，補救；3.檢索 revenge / ri5vendV / n. 報復(fù)，報仇 vt. 為報仇，報之仇 revision / ri5viVEn / n. 1.修訂，修改，修正；2.修訂本，修訂版；3.復(fù) 習，溫習 revive / ri5vaiv / vt. 使蘇醒 vi. 恢復(fù),Words Study,-ive (n.) olive / 5Cliv / n. 橄欖，橄欖樹 adhesive / Ed5hi:siv / n. 粘合劑 adj. 可粘著的，粘性的 indicative / in5dikEtiv / adj. 1.(of)標示的，指示的，象征的；2.陳述的，直 陳的 n. 陳述語氣 imperative / im5perEtiv / adj. 1.必要的，緊要的，極重要的；2.命令的 n. 1.必要的事，必須完成的事；2.祈使語氣(的動詞) cooperative / kEu5CpErEtiv / n. 1.合作社；2.合作商店(或企業(yè)等) adj. 1. 有合作意向的，樂意合作的；2.合作的，協(xié)作的 derivative / di5rivEtiv / n. 派生物，衍生物 adj. 非獨創(chuàng)性，模仿他人的 additive / 5Aditiv / n. 添加劑 fugitive / 5fju:dVitiv / n. 逃亡者，亡命者 adj. 1.(企圖)逃跑的，逃亡的； 2.短暫的，易逝的 incentive / in5sentiv / n. 刺激，鼓勵 locomotive / 7lEukE5mEutiv, 5lEukE7mEutiv / n. 機車 captive / 5kAptiv / n. 俘虜 adj. 被俘虜?shù)?，被捕獲的,Phrases,keep up with: remain level with, be fully informed of e.g. Tom worked hard to keep up with the other students. How do you keep up with the latest styles in fashion? It is extremely important for us to keep up with the changes in the international situation.,Phrases,(may / might) as well (do sth.): without loss and possibly with gain e.g. You may as well wait upstairs. I may as well tell you straight away that I really cannot do much about it. After the dog ran away, father thought he might as well sell the dog house.,Phrases,be better off: be in a better position; be wise to choose (doing something) e.g. Youd be better off leaving the country. Because of his asthma, he would be better off in a different climate. be well / badly off: have (not) a lot of money or supplies of something e.g. Jim is not rich, but hes not badly off. It doesnt matter if your husband isnt well off, if he can make you happy.,Para. 2: Before the age of mass production, taste used to be the province of an educated elite. Here “province” means “a branch of thought, knowledge, or study considered as having fixed limits”. the province of an educated elite 有教養(yǎng)的社會名流,Language Points,Para. 3: it is rather as the novelist Arnold Bennett put it: good taste might be better than bad, but bad taste is certainly better than no taste at all. Here “as the novelist Arnold Bennett put it” is a parenthesis; “good taste no taste at all” is a predicative clause with the connective word “that” omitted.,Language Points,Para. 5: Since the 18th century when taste was first discussed, people have believed that it was an endowment of an elite, handed down to those poor souls below who wanted to better themselves. Here “handed down to better themselves” is a participial phrase which functions as an adverbial and gives an accompanying state. The adverb “below” in this participial phrase modifies its antecedent “souls”.,Language Points,Para. 7: Learn these and youre in there with the tastemakers. Here “be in with” means “to be friendly with.” More examples: 1) As he was in with the management, he got to know things before the other employees did. 2) They are in with the junior executive set.,Language Points,Para. 9: Underpinning what is always thought to be good taste are recurrent ideas such as refinement, restraint, appropriateness and good manners. Here in the sentence there is an inversion of subject and verb: “Underpinning are recurrent it ideas ” The clause “what is always thought to be good taste” is an object clause. It is the object of the verb “underpin”.,Language Points,Para. 18: It cannot be long before it is generally realized that perfect proportions and understated elegance are superior to meretricious ornament, flashy standing only for the degree of social pretentiousness (which) they exude. This is a complex sentence. The principal clause is “It cannot be long”. “It” here is used with expression of time. The subordinate clause is “before it is generally realized that they exude”. It is an adverbial clause of time. Notice here: “it” is used as a formal subject, the real subject is the following that-clause. And in this “that-clause” an attributive clause “they exude” is introduced, qualifying the antecedent “pretentiousness”.,Language Points,Translation,A. 在所有那些有一定自尊又有相當內(nèi)容的報紙的中間部分都有一些版面，以其獨到的眼光和創(chuàng)造性而辦得比頭版更具色彩。在諸如“微型市場”這樣的紅字欄目下，擠滿了密密麻麻的醒目小廣告，并附有大量的輪廓線條插圖。這些廣告宣傳的奇異商品比天方夜譚中阿拉丁的山洞寶庫更加琳瑯淋目。 這些廣告代表著一種亞文化，甚至包括它自己的語言和標志。它的敘事語言都用最高級，它唯一的語法規(guī)則是驚嘆號。 I所提供的全部商品的共同特征是以某種確實很獨特的方式極其誘人地使生活豐富多彩。這些商品總是能夠滿足制造出來的需求，因為這是一種在廣告出現(xiàn)之前幾乎毫無例外地并不存在的需求。,Translation,B. 1. One of the unhealthy trends today is that many people spend too much money just trying to keep up with the Joneses. 2. Since he doesnt give you a chance to make a choice, you might as well refuse his offer. 3. Imagine what stories the things you have bought will tell and you will be careful about taste next time when you buy. 4. Anything we put into the market sells well because people have convictions trust in quality of our companys products.,Translation,5. Youd not be better off just acquiescing like this. 6. In old times, the design of furniture got out of touch with real life. Needless ornamentation (decorations) made us forget what furniture was really for. Modern design aims at simplicity and efficiency, getting rid of all that is inessential, but providing what is pleasing and useful. A piece of fine modern furniture should never be seen in isolation, but as part of a setting. Only then can we judge its shape, color and utility, and say whether it is in good taste or not.,Writing,On Buying Clothes Clothes play two major roles: functional (or practical), and decorational (or esthetical). When we buy clothes, there are more factors to take into consideration: size, price and durabil