關(guān)于否定前移.doc

關(guān)于否定是否前移的概述和經(jīng)典例句1在帶賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, believe, suppose, expect, guess, fancy, feel, imagine等表示“觀點(diǎn)、信念、推測(cè)”等心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，否定謂語(yǔ)從句的not往往轉(zhuǎn)移到主句，成為“形式否定主句，意義否定從句”，這種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象就叫做否定（前）轉(zhuǎn)移。如： I dont think he will come this afternoon. 我認(rèn)為他今天下午不會(huì)來。 I dont believe I have the pleasure of knowing you. 很遺憾，我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。 I dont guess that they have got married. 我猜他們還沒有結(jié)婚。 I dont expect they have finished the work. 我料想他們還沒有完成工作。 I dont suppose he will return to his hometown after a few years of study abroad. 我看他在國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)幾年后不會(huì)回家鄉(xiāng)了。 I dont feel you should go. 我覺得你不應(yīng)該去。 I didnt imagine that Tom would help her. 我猜想湯姆不會(huì)幫助她。 2. 主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，不轉(zhuǎn)移否定。 I cant believe that they are married. 我真不敢相信他們結(jié)婚了。 We cant believe that he turns an honest penny. 我們不能相信他是用正當(dāng)手段掙錢。 You mustnt think hes an honest person. 你不可以認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。 I didnt ever suppose that they were happy. 我并不認(rèn)為他們是幸福的。 但是，在帶有cant和couldnt的句子中，有時(shí)cant和couldnt帶有否定轉(zhuǎn)移的含義。如：She cant seem to do it. (=She seems not to be able to do it.) 她似乎不能做這件事。 注意動(dòng)詞think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, feel在下列情況下，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移： (1) 這些動(dòng)詞跟其他另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞一起做并列謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如： I believe and hope he wont do that. 我相信并且也希望他將不會(huì)那樣做。 I feel and admit that we are not foolish. 我覺得并且也承認(rèn)我們并不愚蠢。 (2) 用于疑問句時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如： Do you think it is not going to rain? 你認(rèn)為天不會(huì)下雨嗎？ Dont you believe that he has done a good thing? 難道你不相信他做了一件好事？ (3) 用作插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如： Li Lei, I think, wont be angry with you. 我想李蕾不會(huì)生你的氣。 Tom, I suppose, wont be against it. 我猜想湯姆不會(huì)反對(duì)。 Mike, I believe, hasnt seen the film. 我認(rèn)為邁克沒有看這場(chǎng)電影。 (4) 動(dòng)詞前有其他副詞修飾時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如： I really dont think its necessary for us to go there now. 我的確不認(rèn)為我們有必要去那兒。 I feel strongly that he shouldnt do such a thing. 我強(qiáng)烈地認(rèn)為他不應(yīng)該做那樣的事。 (5) 動(dòng)詞為非一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或主語(yǔ)不是第一人稱時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。 I thought that he wouldnt come back soon. 我原以為他不會(huì)回來得這么快。 She didnt believe that he became a good boy. 她不相信他變成了一個(gè)好孩子。 He thinks that he isnt fit for the job. 他認(rèn)為他不適合這件工作。 He doesnt believe that what we told him is true. 他不相信我們告訴他的事是真的。 (6) 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中含的否定為notat all, not a little, not a few, not enough, cant help等固定搭配時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如： I think that he doesnt know it at all. 我想他對(duì)那一點(diǎn)也不知道。 I suppose that it is not enough to remember the words if you want to learn the language well. 我認(rèn)為如果你想把這門語(yǔ)言學(xué)好，那么只記單詞是不夠的。 I believe that you cant help singing our national anthem when you win the first place in the Olympic Games. 我相信當(dāng)你在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上獲得第一名時(shí)你會(huì)情不自禁地唱起國(guó)歌來。 (7) 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中含no, nothing, nobody, nowhere, hardly, seldom, little, few等否定詞或半否詞時(shí)，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如： I believe that nothing can make me give it up. 我想任何事情也不能使我放棄。 I think that no one can escape if the ship sinks in the sea. 我認(rèn)為如果這艘船沉入海底的話，那么誰(shuí)也逃不掉。 I suppose that he is a man of few words. 我猜想他是一個(gè)言語(yǔ)不多的人。3 當(dāng)think用在疑問句中時(shí)，不轉(zhuǎn)移否定。 Why do you think I cant change your note? 你為什么認(rèn)為我換不開你的鈔票呢？ 4 由knew, fear, mean, I am afraid等動(dòng)詞形式構(gòu)成的賓語(yǔ)從句中，其否定詞not，通常不進(jìn)行否定轉(zhuǎn)移。當(dāng)然，這并不是說否定詞not不能否定以上動(dòng)詞形式，而是說否定賓語(yǔ)從句和否定主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的意思不同。試比較： He knew you wouldnt tell on him. 他知道你不會(huì)出賣他。 He didnt know you should tell on him. 他沒想到你竟會(huì)出賣他。 I mean you didnt do it right. 我是說你做得不對(duì)。 I dont mean you did it right. 我并不是說你做的對(duì)。 I am afraid that he wont threaten me with death. 恐怕他不會(huì)以死來威脅我。 I am not afraid that he will threaten me with death. 我不怕他以死來威脅我。 5 動(dòng)詞hope不可進(jìn)行否定轉(zhuǎn)移。 I hope it wont snow. 我希望天不下雨。 I hope she doesnt dislike the flowers. 我希望她不會(huì)討厭（會(huì)喜歡）這些花。 6 在下列幾種情況下，think的賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞通常不可前移到主句中： 1） 賓語(yǔ)從句中有固定短語(yǔ)，如cant help, not at all, not only but also 等。 I think everybody cant help laughing if they see it. 我認(rèn)為，人們看到時(shí)會(huì)禁不住大笑。 I think she is not only beautiful but also kind. 我認(rèn)為，她不僅漂亮，而且善良。 2） 賓語(yǔ)從句中not與just, enough, quite, much等副詞連用。如： I think you are not quite sure about it. 我認(rèn)為，你們對(duì)這一點(diǎn)并不能完全肯定。 I think shes not much like her mother. 我覺得，她不怎么像她的母親。 3） 賓語(yǔ)從句中含有no, nothing, never, nobody等。如： I think she has never been there. 我認(rèn)為，她從未去過那里。 4） think本身有其他詞修飾或與其他動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成并列謂語(yǔ)。如： I sometimes think he is not an honest man. 我有時(shí)認(rèn)為他并不誠(chéng)實(shí)。 I do think you shouldnt hurt her. 我的確認(rèn)為你不該傷害她。 I think and hope that Im not disturbing you so much. 我認(rèn)為，也希望，我不太打擾你。 5）think以過去時(shí)、完成時(shí)等出現(xiàn)，則不一定要求否定前移。如： I was thinking that he wouldnt succeed. 我在想他不會(huì)成功。 I thought you didnt marry her. 我原以為你不會(huì)與她結(jié)婚。 I had thought he wouldnt come. 我愿意為他不會(huì)來呢。 但是，在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，為了使語(yǔ)氣柔和，過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子中偶爾也可見到這種否