初中定語從句講解PPT.ppt

定語可以由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語等來擔(dān)任，修飾名詞。(以介詞短語、分詞為例）例：ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.Themandrivingtoofastwasdrunk（喝醉的）.,定語從句在英語中，修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫定語從句。例：ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisKate.Themanwhowasdrivingtoofastwasdrunk.,TheAttributiveClause,定語從句,關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語從句普通代詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別Ihaveasister.SheworksinShanghai.代替sister普通代詞：只起代替的作用（如上例she)Ihaveasisterwho/thatworksinShanghai.關(guān)系代詞：（如上例who/that）,1.代替先行詞;2.它還在定語從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分;3.同時連接先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語從句。（把主句和從句連起來）,Thebuildingisourschool.Thebuildingstandsbytheriver.,關(guān)系代詞的使用取決于先行詞，它們的關(guān)系非常密切，因為關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。,Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsbytheriverisourschool.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句,which/that是關(guān)系代詞，它在從句中代替先行詞thebuilding,同時擔(dān)任從句中的主語，也起連詞的作用，把兩個簡單句連接起來。,關(guān)系詞判斷步驟:首先，要看先行詞。如果先行詞是指人,關(guān)系代詞可用who,that,whom,whose。如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系代詞可用which或that;,然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表,最后，定語從句謂語動詞和先行詞一致.注:定語從句的時態(tài)不受主句的限制。Thewomanwho/thatspokeatthemeetingyesterdayismymother.(主句)Thewomanismymother.(敘述客觀事實用一般現(xiàn)在時)(從句)Thewoman(who/that)spokeatthemeetingyesterday.(句中yesterday表示過去時間),thetallthestrongtheclever,boy,TheboyisTom.,TheboywhoistallisTom.,TheboywhoisstrongisTom,TheboywhoiscleverisTom,TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.,TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.,TheboywhoissmilingisTom.(主語),TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom.,TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.,TheboywhositsinfrontofmeisTom.,Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.,Theman(whom)everyonelikesiskind.(賓語),Thewomangotthejob.Wesawheronthestreet.,Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.,Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.,Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.,關(guān)系代詞,1.who指人,作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略）,Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.,Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.,2.whom指人,作賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省),Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.,ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.,關(guān)系代詞,3.whose是代詞的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。,Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.,Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.,apple,theredthegreenthesmallthebig,Theapplewhichisredismine.,Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.,Theapplewhichisredissmall,Theapplewhichisgreenisbig.,Canyoufindthepen?Iwrotewithitjustnow.,CanyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?,Canyoufindthepen(which)Iwrotewithjustnow?,4.which指物，作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省),Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.,TheTVset(which)heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan.,Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?,Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?,1)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.,2)Theroom(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom(which)Iliveinisverybig.TheroominwhichIliveisverybig.,注意:固定動介詞組不可分割,介詞不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat,關(guān)系代詞與介詞:介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時,介詞賓語只能用which代物,用whom代人。(介詞在末尾時,關(guān)系詞可以省略),TheroomwhereIliveisverybig.,定語從句中需注意事項有些情況下只用關(guān)系詞that,而不宜用which1.從句所修飾的詞又被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.Thefirstmeeting(that)wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon.2.先行詞是something,nothing,anything等不定代詞時Hereissomething(that)Iwilltellyou.,3.先行詞既有人也有物時,只能用thatIcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isee.4.先行詞是oneof,theone,或用little,much,few,no,all,some,any,theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast作修飾時Isittheonethatyouwant?IhaventgotmuchthatIcanofferyou.5.當(dāng)主句已有疑問詞who或which時，用thatWhoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?,注:who、that在指人可以通用，但下列宜用who,不用that1).先行詞是anyone,someone,those時，關(guān)系詞使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere?2).在therebe句型中，先行詞指人,關(guān)系詞用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.,關(guān)系副詞,關(guān)系副詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣,在從句中代替先行詞,在句中作狀語。,where:在從句中作地點狀語,指代地點.when:在從句中作時間狀語,指代時間。,1.Thehotelwasntclean.+Westayedatthehotel.,Thehotelwherewestayedwasntclean.Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasntclean.Thehotel(which)westayedatwasntclean.,2.Illneverforgettheday.IjoinedthePartyonthatday.IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheParty.IllneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty.,(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.Wemetheryesterday.,Thescientistwemetyesterdayisverywhofamousintheworld.whomthat,(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.,Thedressthatsheiswearingisnew.which,(3)Heisthekindperson.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.,(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.,HeisthekindpersonthatIhaveeverworkedwhowith.whom,ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.,單項選擇。1.Thisisthejob_theylaughedat.A.whichB.asC.itD.who2.BeihaiParkisabeautifulpark_builtabout300yearsago.A.wherewasB.thatwereC.whichwasD.where3.Whowasthegrey-hairedman_atyesterdaysmeeting?A.wesawhimB.wesawC.wesawwhoD.shewasseen4.Theman_ispaintingthehouseismyuncle.A.heB.whomC.whoseD.who5.Whatistheanimal_babyissleepinginitspocket?A.whoB.whoseC.itsD.which,A,C,B,D,B,6.Thisbookisforthestudents_motherlanguageisntEnglish.A.thatB.ofwhomC.whoseD.whos7.Therobbersshouted,“Handsup!Illshootanyone_moves!”A.whomB.thatC.whoD.whose8.Thedictionary_hepaid50yuanforisveryuseful.A.whichB.forwhichC.onwhichD.aboutwhich9Theboy_parentsdiedtwoyearsagoliveswithhisgrandpanow.A.whoseB.whoC.hisD./10.Theman_issmokingisabusdriver.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.what,C,C,A,A,B,1.Thisisthebag_mymotherboughtyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this2.Theman_livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.A.whomB.whichC.whoD./3.Thegirl_yousawinthestreetisMary.A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.as,A,A,A,定語從句練習(xí),4.Isthisthefactory_alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whom5.Isthisfactory_alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.thatC.whichD./6.Theonlylanguage_iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.whichB.thatC./D.it,B,b,B,定語從句練習(xí),7.Thegirlhandedeverything_shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.all8._cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.A.ThatB.WhoC.TheonewhoD.Thestudentswho9.Pleaseshowmethebook_youboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.this,C,C,A,定語從句練習(xí),10.Thisisthebestbook_Ihavebeenlookingforallthisyear.A.whoB.whomC.whichD./11.Thisistheonlyarticleofthesethat_writtenbyhim.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are12.Theman_washerejustnowisadoctor.A.whomB.whoC./D.he,D,C,B,定語從句練習(xí),13.Theboy_hastwolovelydogs.A.wholivenextdoorB.whichlivesnextdoorC.whomlivesnextdoorD.thatlivesnextdoor14.Those_madenomistakesintodaysexercisespleaseraiseyourhands.A.whichB.whomC.thatD.who15.Thefarm_westayedlastweekisalovelyplaceforaholiday.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.atthat,D,D,B,定語從句練習(xí),16.Heisthemostcarefulboy_Iknow.A.whatB.whichC.asD./17.Thisistheschool_Mr.Smithoncetaught.A.inthatB.whenC.whereD.there18.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_thefamousscientistwasborn?A.whereB.inthatC.thatD.which,D,C,A,定語從句練習(xí),19.Thefactory_Mr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which20.Doyoustillremembertheday_wefirstmet?A.thatB.whenC.whatD.onthat,B,B,定語從句練習(xí),21.October1,1949istheday_wellneverforget.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.inwhich22.October1,1949wastheday_thePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.inwhich23.Isthistheshop_sellschildrensclothing?A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.what,B,B,A,定語從句練習(xí),24.Isthismuseum_theyvisitedlastmonth?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.theone25.Istillrememberthesitting-room_mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where,D,D,定語從句練習(xí),26.Haveyouseenthegirl_?A.thatItoldB.ItoldyouofC.whomItoldD.Itoldof27.Thedaysaregon