[中考英語]初三英語語法練習[整理]-人教版.doc.doc

語法（一）名詞一基礎知識梳理1可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞分為單數(shù)和復數(shù)形式，單數(shù)名詞可用a/an表示數(shù)量或類別。名詞復數(shù)分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。規(guī)則變化：一般在名詞詞尾加-s如：cakecakes以s,ch,sh,x等結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加-es.如：boxboxes以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i再加-es.如：citycities以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變f，fe為v再加-es.如：leafleaves以o結(jié)尾的名詞，有些加-es如：potatopotatoes；有些加-s如：radioradios不規(guī)則變化：只有復數(shù)形式，如：clothes單復數(shù)同形，如：sheep形式上的復數(shù)，實際上是單數(shù)，如：physics形式上的單數(shù)，實際上是復數(shù)，如：people特殊變化：manmen,womanwomen,footfeet,childchildren,toothteeth不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有單數(shù)形式，在句中全部看作單數(shù)形式，也不能與a(an)或數(shù)詞連用，表示數(shù)量得用“數(shù)詞量數(shù)of名詞”如：apieceofmusic。2名詞所有格有生命的東西的名詞所有格構(gòu)成：單數(shù)名詞后加s。如：theboysbike不以s結(jié)尾的復數(shù)名詞在詞后加s。如：peoplesson以s結(jié)尾的復數(shù)名詞在詞尾加。如：thetwinsmother為兩個人或物共有的人或東西，只在后一個名詞加s。如：MaryandTomsteacher；如不是兩人共有的，分別在兩個名詞后加s如：LilysandLucysbeds；表示無生命的東西的名詞所有格常用介詞of名詞。如：thedoorofthehouse二中考考題解析例1Imafraidthatnoforyouinmycar,becausetherearealreadyfivepeople.A.landB.groudC.roomD.floor(2003年山西省中考題)解析：本題考查名詞同義詞辨析。題干中提到車子里沒有地方，這里的地方應該是指空間，且不可數(shù)名詞。正確答案是C。例2Ted,takesometoschool.Itssohotandyoumayfeelthirsty.A.breadB.bananasC.orangesD.juice解析：本題考查名詞的意義，通過句意判斷要買的是飲料，正確答案是D。例3Arethereanyonthefarm?Yes,therearesome.A.horseB.duckC.chickenD.sheep(2004年沈陽市中考題)解析：本題考查名詞的復數(shù)，sheep單數(shù)復數(shù)同形，正確答案是D。例4Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.A.AnneandJaneB.AnnesandJanesC.AnnesandJaneD.AnneandJanes（2004年河北省中考題）解析：本題考查名詞的所有格，bedroom是單數(shù)，題中用it代替它，說明此臥室為兩個人共有，正確答案是D。三專項練習自測1.Useyour,andyoullfindagoodway.A.headB.mindC.heartD.eye2.Therearetwenty-eightdaysin.A.weekB.monthC.yearD.February3.Wecanseesomeinthepicture.A.shipB.sheepC.shopD.cup4.YesterdayafternoonIsawaintherestaurant.A.GermanyB.AmericanC.EnglishD.German5.Thehospitalisnotfarfromhere.Itsonlyfivewalk.A.minuteB.minutesC.minutesD.minutes6.MaryisanAmericangirl.IgottoknowherthroughanEnglishnewspaper.Weare.A.classmatesB.sistersC.writersD.penfriends7.NationalDayiscoming.Wewillhaveaholiday.A.sevendayB.sevendaysC.seven-dayD.seven-days8.-Oh,thereisntenoughforusonthebus.-Itdoesntmatter.Letswaitforthenext.A.roomB.placeC.groundD.floor9.-PleasegivemeawhenyouarriveinLondon,YangHua.-OK.IlltellyoueverythingwhenIgetthere.A.newspaperB.ringC.TVsetD.ticket10.Thereislittleinthefridge,Letsgoandbuysomecoke,juiceandtea.A.fruitB.drinkC.meatD.wine11.-Whosthatwoman?-Thatsaunt.A.JimandKateB.JimsandKateC.JimandKatesD.JimsandKates12.-Wheresyourfather?-At.A.Mr.ChensB.TheMr.ChensC.ChensD.TheChens13.-Wheresthechurch?-Itsfromourschool.A.twohoursdriveB.twohourdriveC.twohoursdriveD.twohoursdrive14.-Whatsonthetable?-Theresalotofonit.A.orangesB.applesC.foodD.pears15.-Wouldyouhavesome?-Hereyouare.A.eggsandmilkB.eggandmilkC.eggsandmilksD.eggandmilks代詞一基礎知識梳理1人稱代詞的主格與賓格主格用做句子的主語。賓格放在動詞或介詞后面做句子的賓語或表語。如：Igivehimabook.人稱代詞it可用來表示距離,季節(jié),時間,天氣,溫度等，也可用來表示不知性別、不明身份的人，有時也可指嬰兒。如：Its2kilometresfrommyhometothepark.2形容詞性與名詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞不能單獨使用，只能作定語。名詞性物主代詞可作主語,表語或賓語,不能作定語，其后不可接名詞。名詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞名詞如：Isthathisruler?Yes.Itshis.3反身代詞反身代詞在句中可以作賓語，表語或同位語。常見的搭配有byoneself,enjoyoneself,helponeself,teachoneself等。4指示代詞指示代詞有this,that,these,those等。打電話時常用that問對方是“誰”，用this介紹自己。5疑問代詞疑問代詞有who,whom,whose,what和which，一般放在句首，構(gòu)成特殊疑問句。6不定代詞不定代詞主要有：some,any,no,both,all,each,every,other(s),another,neither,many,much,few,afew,little,alittle等。some,anysome一般用于肯定句，any用于疑問句,否定句及條件句中。但some還可用在表示請求、邀請、建議等疑問句或說話人希望得到對方肯定回答的疑問句中。many,much,few,afew,little,alittle,many,much主要用于否定句和疑問句中，在肯定句中多用alotof等。many修飾可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)，反義詞是few。much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，反義詞是little。few,afew用來修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞，little,alittle用來修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞。few,little表示否定，afew,alittle表示肯定。theother,anothertheother指兩個中另一個，another指三個或三個以上的“又一”“再一”。both,neither,either,all,noneboth“兩者都”，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。neither“兩者都不”，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。either“兩者任何一個”，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，作定語時只能修飾單數(shù)名詞。all“全部”，表肯定。none“全部不”，表示全體否定。each,everyeach指兩者或兩者以上，側(cè)重個別情況。every指三者或三者以上，側(cè)重全體而不在個別。二中考考題解析例1Thismachineisveryeasytouse.canlearntouseitinaveryshorttime.A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.NobodyD.Fewpeople(2003年南昌市中考題)解析：本題考查不定代詞的詞義的用法。根據(jù)語境我們得知機器很容易使用，所以“任何人”在短期內(nèi)都可以學會。正確答案是B。例2Isthisyoursweaterjoy?No,itsnotsweater.isyellow.A.my,MyB.my,MineC.mine,MineD.mine,My(2004年哈爾濱市中考題)解析：本題考查物主代詞的用法。形容詞性物主代詞后要接名詞，名詞性的物主代詞不能接名詞。正確答案是B。例3Doyouknowthewomaninthereddress?Certainly.ShesMrsXu.Sheteacheschemistry.A.ourB.usC.weD.ours(2004吉林省中考題)解析：本題考查人稱代詞的用法。放在動詞之后，應用人稱代詞賓格。正確答案為B。例4JoanandRickyaretoobusytohelpus.Letsdoit.A.herselfB.himselfC.themselvesD.ourselves(2004年山西省中考題)解析：本題考查反身代詞的用法。題干的意思是“JohnandRicky太忙了，幫不了我們，只有我們自己去做”。正確答案是D。三專項練習自測1.MrWanghasthreedaughters.ofthemarecollegestudents.A.EachB.EveryC.BothD.All2.IwanttoborrowsomemoneyfromKate,butshehasnt.A.someB.anyC.moneyD.one3.Ifyoudontworkhard,youmayfallbehindstudents.A.theotherB.otherC.othersD.theothers4.Weworkedoutthemathsproblems,didnt?A.ourselves；usB.ourselves；weC.ourselves；ourD.ourselves；ours5.Yourhandwritingisbetterthan.A.IB.meC.mineD.my6.Imoldenoughtowashclothesbymyself.Youcanjustwash.A.my；yourB.your；myC.my；yoursD.mine；yours7.Twolanguagesarethemostwidelyused.OneisChinese,isEnglish.A.anotheroneB.anotherC.theotherD.theothers8.Wewanttogotoseetheanimals.Butofusknowshowtogettothezoo.A.AllB.NoneC.NooneD.Nobody9.Wecouldnteatintherestaurantbecauseofushadmoney.A.any；noB.all；noC.none；anyD.noone；any10.-Isreadyfortheparty?-Notyet.Westillneedtobuysomefruitanddrink.A.nothingB.somethingC.everythingD.anything11.Thatriverisverydangerous.Sopeopleswimthere.A.afewB.alittleC.fewD.little12.Thosecoatsinthisshoparemoreexpensivethan.A.thoseinthatshopB.thosecoatsC.intheshopD.anyotherstudents13.WuFengistallerthaninhisclass.A.anyB.anyotherC.anyotherstudentD.anyotherstudents14.Sorry,Icantansweryourquestions,becauseIknowaboutthesubject.A.fewB.littleC.afewD.alittle15.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachpersontohave.A.itB.thoseC.themD.one16.-Nicetoseeyou,MrsLiu.-.A.Me,too.B,Thesametoyou.C.Thankyou.D.I,too.17.Ifoundimpossiblefortosolvetheproblem.A.it；heB.it；himC.that；himD.that；he18.-Hello,whoisspeaking?-isJoyspeaking.A.this；ThatB.it；itC.that；ThisD.that；She19.-Isthatmanyourteacher?-Yes,teachesmathsthisterm.A.He；usB.He；ourC.She；usD.She；our20.Idontlikeoftheskirts.Pleaseshowmeathirdone.A.anyB.oneC.eitherD.both數(shù)詞一基礎知識梳理1基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目的多少用英語表達數(shù)字時，十位與個位之間有連字符，百位與千位之間有and。表示概數(shù)時用固定短語，如：hundredsof,thousandsof,millionsof2序數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目的順序序數(shù)詞前常加the，與不定冠詞a連用表示“又一，再一”。3分數(shù)的表達方式分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子大于1時，分母加s，如2/3twothirds.二中考考題解析例1Thisbridgeisaboutlong.A.fivehundredmetreB.fivehundredsmetresC.fivehundredmetresD.fivehundredsmetre(2004年西寧市中考題)解析：本題考查數(shù)詞的基本用法。當hundred前有具體數(shù)詞修飾時不能用復數(shù)，因此，排除B和D。另外metre是可數(shù)名詞，故正確答案是C。例2-Whatsonefourthandahalf,doyouknow?-Yes,its.A.twosixthsB.threefourthsC.onethreeD.threesixths（2004年杭州市中考題）解析：本題考查分數(shù)的表達，根據(jù)句意1/4+1/2=3/4，正確答案是B。例3Therearepeopleinmyfamily.Weliveonthefloorinabuilding.A.five；sixB.fifth；sixthCfifth；sixD.five；sixth（2004年長沙市中考題）解析：本題考查基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞的區(qū)別。家里有5個人用基數(shù)詞，住在第六層用序數(shù)詞。正確答案是D。三專項練習自測1.Decemberismonthoftheyear.A.twelveB.twelfthC.thetwelveD.thetwelfth2.foreignerscometoChinaeveryyear.A.ThousandsB.ThreethousandsC.ThousandsofD.Thousandof3.Wednesdayisthedayoftheweek.A.thirdB.fourthC.fifthD.sixth4.MrLiwillbebackin.A.oneortwodaysB.onedayortwoC.aortwodaysD.adayortwo5.ThereareusuallydaysinFebruary.A.27B.28C.30D.316.-WhatstheEnglishfor“6:05”?-Its.A.sixtofiveB.sixpastfiveC.fivetosixD.sixfive7.Eightbilliononehundredandthirty-twothousandandeight-sevenis.A.8,000,132,000B.8,132,000,000C.8,000,132,087D.8,000,132,1878.TheOlympicGamesareheldonce.A.everyfouryearsB.everyfouryearC.every-four-yearD.eachfourthyear9.-holidayiscoming.Whatareyougoingtodo?-Ivenoidea.A.SevendaysB.Seven-daysC.Seven-dayD.Seven-days10.Thedate“July21st,2004”reads.A.Julytwenty-one,twothousandandfourB.Julytwenty-first,twothousandandfourC.Julythetwenty-first,twothousandandfourD.Julythetwenty-one,twozerozerofour介詞一基礎知識梳理介詞是英語中最活躍的詞類之一，常與動詞構(gòu)成短語動詞與名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語。下面歸納幾種常用的介詞：1in,at,on,toin,at,on可以表示時間，in表示一段時間。at多用于鐘點時刻前。on主要在星期幾，具體某一天或某一天的早、午、晚或節(jié)日前。in,at,on還可以表示地點。in表示國家城市等大地方，at表示某一點或用于小地點前。in表示“在里面”，on表示“在上”。in,to,on可表示方位，in表示在某一地區(qū)之間的方位（屬于該范圍），on表示與某一地區(qū)的比鄰關(guān)系，to表示在某一地區(qū)之外的某方位（不屬于該范圍）。2between,amongbetween常指“在（兩者）之間”，among“在（三者或三者以上的人或物之間）。3above,over,on,below,underabove和over都表示“在上方”。above指在上方的任意一點，表示在某物上的高低位置，不接觸，反義詞為below。over一般指垂直方向，反義詞under。on“在上面”且互相接觸。4by,in,within用來表示“用語言，聲音等”，也可表示“用工具，材料等”。by后一般跟動名詞或抽象化的可數(shù)名詞（其前不用冠詞）“用手段或方式”。with表示借助于某一具體的工具，材料或人體器官。5in,afterin,after都可用來表示“在以后”。in表示從現(xiàn)在算到若干時間以后，in只可接時間段，in+一段時間，常用于將來時。after表從過去算起到若干時間以后，后可接時間段或時間點，after+時間點也可用于將來時。6across,through,pastacross表示“從表面穿過”或沿某一條線的方向而進行的動作，表示游渡乘船過海時用across。through表示“從中間穿過”。past表示“從旁邊經(jīng)過”。初中常見有介詞固定搭配的詞組：agreewith,atfirst,atnight,atonce,attheageof,atthebeginning/end/headof,atthemoment,attimes,atthesametime,befamousfor,befullof,begoodat,beinterestedin,bemadeof/in,bepleasedwith,beproudof,beusedfor,byplane/sea,bytheway,catchupwith,comein/on,comeover,comeout,comeupwith,dowellin,dropoff,fallbehind,falloff,findout,firstofall,forexample,fromto,getonwellwith,geton,giveup,hardin,hearof,helpyourselfto,helpwith,holdon,hourafterhour,inahurry,inEnglish,infact,infront,infrontof,intheair,intheend,inthefuture,inthisway,intime,insteadof,kindsof,lateron,laughat,learnfrom,leavebehind,listento,liveon,lookafter,lookat,lookfor,looklike,lookout,lookup,makeroomfor,multiplyby，nextto,notatall,ondisplay,onearth，onfoot,nooneswayto,noshow,ontheleft/right,ontheotherhand,ontime,onwatch,outof,payfor,playajokeon,pointat,pointto,puton,putup,putoff,regardas,ringup,runout,saygoodbyeto,speakhighlyof,standinline,stepinto,stopfrom,takecareof,talkabout,talkwith,thedayaftertomorrow,thedaybeforeyesterday,toonessurprise,tryon,tryout,turndown/off/on,upanddown,waitfor,wakeup,whatabout,workout二中考考題解析例1Donttellanybodyaboutit,keepityouandme.A.withB.inC.betweenD.among（2004年山西省中考題）解析：本題考查介詞的用法。between指兩者之間，among指三者或三者以上的人或物之間，正確答案是C。例2Mygrandfatheroftenreadsnewspapersbreakfast.A.onB.inC.atD.of(2004年昆明市中考題)解析：本題考查介詞on,in,at在表達時間時的區(qū)別。在表示時間的一點、一時刻時通常用介詞at；in指某個較長的時間內(nèi)；在具體時日和一個特定的時間前用on，因此正確答案是C。例3XinjiangisoneofthelargestprovincesinChina.ItsthenorthwestofChina.A.atB.inC.toD.from解析：本題考查介詞in,to表示方位的區(qū)別。in表示某一地區(qū)的范圍內(nèi)，to表示某一地區(qū)之外，在范圍外，正確答案是B。例4TheengineerwillreturnfromMacaoafewdays.A.sinceB.inC.onD.after(2003年昆明市中考題)解析：本題考查in,after表示時間的區(qū)別。in后跟一段時間，用于將來時；after后跟一個時間點。正確答案時B。三專項練習自測1.Hisfatherwaslatethemeetingyesterday.A.atB.forC.toD.in2.thehelpofTVwecanknowmoreaboutmanyothercountries.A.UnderB.OnC.WithD.About3.Theteachercameintotheclassroomabookinherhand.A.forB.hadC.ofD.with4.Thesebeautifulflowersaremadesilk.A.aboutB.byC.ofD.with5.ThemenredsportsshirtsaretheplayersofGuoanTeam.A.atB.inC.fromD.with6.Helikesthebookalot.Hespendtwenty-eightyuanit.A.onB.inC.byD.at7.HanMeiisbetterthanmedancing.A.atB.inC.ofD.for8.Ioftenhavesomevegetableslunchatschool.A.inB.forC.ofD.to9.Whicheventswashethissportsmeeting?A.atB.ofC.onD.in10.Thatsverykindyou.Iknowitsverydifficultyou.A.for；forB.of；ofC.for；ofD.of；for11.Theparkisverybeautiful,withflowersgrowingtheriverbank.A.acrossB.alongC.roundD.through12.Thankyouyourhelp.Ifinishedtheworkintime.A.forB.toC.ofD.with13.WearriveNanjinglatenight.AndsoonIfoundahotel.A.in；inB.at；atC.at；inD.in；at14.Theydidntcomeherebusiness,butaholiday.A.for；onB.on；atC.on；forD.for；for15.ayoungman,youshouldbealwaysreadyhelpothers.A.As；toB.Like；toC.As；forD.Like；for連詞一基礎知識梳理連詞可以連接詞與詞、短語與短語及句子與句子。連詞分為兩類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。1初中學過的并列連詞有：and,but,notonlybutalso，so,or,neithernor,aswellas,bothand,whetheror,eitheror2初中學過的從屬連詞有：when,while,as,after,before,since,until/till,assoonas,because,if,unless,ev