外文翻譯--混合動力汽車

附 錄 附錄 A.英文文獻(xiàn) Hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles have advantages in many fields， such as technology, economy and environment will become the first decades of the new century, the development of mainstream cars and automobile industry become the consensus of all of the industry. The Chinese government also has the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) specifically listed, including hybrid vehicles, including electric cars of major projects. At present, Chinas independent innovation of new energy vehicles in the process, adhere to the government support to core technology, key components and system integration focusing on the principles established in hybrid electric vehicles, through close links between production cooperation, Chinas independent innovation of hybrid cars has made significant progress. With completely independent intellectual property rights form the power system technology platform, established a hybrid electric vehicle technology development. Is the core of hybrid vehicles batteries (including battery management system) technology. In addition, also include engine technology, motor control, vehicle control technology, engine and electrical interface between the power conversion and is also the key. From the current situation, China has established a hybrid electric vehicle power system through Cooperative R &； D technology platforms and systems, made a series of breakthroughs for vehicle development has laid a solid foundation. Mastered the core technology of key components, developed a series of products, a comprehensive follow-up of key components and parts industry. In the core of hybrid cars - battery technology research and development, China has independently developed the capacity to 6Ah-100Ah Ni-MH and Li-ion battery products, energy density and power density close to the international level and break through the security technology bottlenecks the scale of the worlds first urban public transport buses used； the following self-developed 200kW permanent magnet brushless motors, induction motors and switched reluctance motor, motor power to weight ratio than 1300w/kg, Motor system to achieve maximum efficiency 93%； self-developed fuel cell engine technology advanced, more than 50% efficiency, control the worlds few car a hundred kilowatt fuel cell engine development, manufacturing and testing technology one of the countries. At the same time, the key components of hybrid car industry, a comprehensive follow-up of production capabilities and complete. Mastered the entire vehicle key development, the formation of a capability to develop various types of electric vehicles. Hybrid cars in China in systems integration, reliability, fuel economy and other aspects of the marked progress in achieving fuel economy of different technical solutions can be 10% -40%. Meanwhile, the hybrid vehicle automotive enterprises and industrial R &； D investment significantly enhanced, accelerating the pace of industrialization. A vehicle that has two or more power trains is called a hybrid vehicle. The power train is defined as the combination of the energy source and the energy converter A hybrid vehicle drive train usually consists of no more than two power trains. More than two power trains will make the drive train very complicated. For the purpose of recapturing braking energy that is dissipated in the form of heat in conventional IC engine vehicles, a hybrid drive train usually has a power train that allows energy to flow bidirectional A hybrid drive train can supply its power to the load by a selective power train. There are many available patterns of operating two power trains to meet the load requirement: 1. Power train 1 alone delivers its power to the load. 2. Power train 2 alone delivers its power to the load. 3. Both power train 1 and power train 2 deliver their power to the load simultaneously. 4. Power train 2 obtains power from the load (regenerative braking). 5. Power train 2 obtains power from power train 1. 6. Power train 2 obtains power from power train 1 and the load simultaneously. 7. Power train 1 delivers power to the load and to power train 2 simultaneously. 8. Power train 1 delivers its power to power train 2, and power train 2 delivers its power to the load. 9. Power train 1 delivers its power to the load, and the load delivers the power to power train 2. In the case of hybridization with a gasoline (diesel)IC engine (power train 1) and a batteryelectric machine (power train 2), pattern (1) is the engine alone propelling mode. This may be used when the batteries are almost completely depleted and the engine has no remaining power to charge the batteries, or when the batteries have been fully charged and the engine is able to supply sufficient power to meet the power demands of the vehicle. Pattern (2) is the pure electric propelling mode, in which the engine is shut off. This pattern may be used for situations where the engine cannot operate effectively, such as very low speed, or in areas where emissions are strictly prohibited. Pattern (3) is the hybrid traction mode and may be used when large power is needed, such as during sharp accelerating or steep hill climbing. Pattern (4) is the regenerative braking mode, by which the kinetic or potential energy of the vehicle is recovered through the electric motor functioning as a generator. The recovered energy is then stored in the batteries and reused later on. Pattern (5) is the mode in which the engine charges the batteries while the vehicle is at a standstill, coasting, or descending a slight grade, in which no power goes into or comes from the load. Pattern (6) is the mode in which both regenerating braking and the IC engine charge the batteries simultaneously. Pattern (7) is the mode in which the engine propels the vehicle and charges the batteries simultaneously. Pattern (8) is the mode in which the engine charges the batteries, and the batteries supply power to the load. Pattern (9) is the mode in which the power flows into the batteries from the heat engine through the vehicle mass. The abundant operation modes in a hybrid vehicle create much more flexibility over a single power train vehicle. With proper configuration and control, applying a specific mode for a special operating condition can potentially optimize the overall performance, efficiency, and emissions. However, in a practical design, deciding which mode should be implemented depends on many factors, such as the physical configuration of the drive train, power train efficiency characteristics, load characteristics, and so on. Operating each power train in its optimal efficiency region is essential for the overall efficiency of the vehicle. 附錄 B.中文翻譯 混合動力汽車及電動汽車 在技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境等方面的綜合優(yōu)勢 使其成為新世紀(jì)前幾十年汽車發(fā)展的主流，并成為我國汽車界所有業(yè)內(nèi)人士的共識。我國政府也已經(jīng)在國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計劃 (863 計劃 )中專門開列了包括混合動力汽車在內(nèi)的電動汽車重大專項。目前，我國在新能源汽車的自主創(chuàng)新過程 中，堅持了政府支持，以核心技術(shù)、關(guān)鍵部件和系統(tǒng)集成為重點的原則，通過產(chǎn)學(xué)研緊密合作，我國混合動力汽車的自主創(chuàng)新取得了重大進(jìn)展。 形成了具有完全自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的動力系統(tǒng)技術(shù)平臺，建立了混合動力汽車技術(shù)開發(fā)體系?；旌蟿恿ζ嚨暮诵氖请姵兀ò姵毓芾硐到y(tǒng)）技術(shù)。除此之外，還包括發(fā)動機技術(shù)、電機控制技術(shù)、整車控制技術(shù)等，發(fā)動機和電機之間動力的轉(zhuǎn)換和銜接也是重點。從目前情況來看，我國已經(jīng)建立起了混合動力汽車動力系統(tǒng)技術(shù)平臺和產(chǎn)學(xué)研合作研發(fā)體系，取得了一系列突破性成果，為整車開發(fā)奠定了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。 掌握了關(guān)鍵零部件核心 技術(shù)，自主開發(fā)出系列化產(chǎn)品，關(guān)鍵零部件產(chǎn)業(yè)化全面跟進(jìn)。在混合動力汽車的核心 電池技術(shù)研發(fā)方面，我國已自主研制出容量為 6Ah-100Ah 的鎳氫和鋰離子動力電池系列產(chǎn)品，能量密度和功率密度接近國際水平，同時突破了安全技術(shù)瓶頸，在世界上首次規(guī)模應(yīng)用于城市公交大客車；自主開發(fā)的 200kW 以下永磁無刷電機、交流異步電機和開關(guān)磁阻電機，電機重量比功率超過 1300w/kg，電機系統(tǒng)最高效率達(dá)到 93；自主開發(fā)的燃料電池發(fā)動機技術(shù)先進(jìn)，效率超過 50%，成為世界上少數(shù)幾個掌握車用百千瓦級燃料電池發(fā)動機研發(fā)、制造以及測試技術(shù) 的國家之一。與此同時，混合動力汽車關(guān)鍵零部件的產(chǎn)業(yè)化全面跟進(jìn)，生產(chǎn)配套能力顯著增強。 掌握了電動汽車整車開發(fā)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，形成了各類電動汽車的開發(fā)能力。我國混合動力汽車在系統(tǒng)集成、可靠性、節(jié)油性能等方面進(jìn)步顯著，不同技術(shù)方案可實現(xiàn)節(jié)油 10%-40%。同時，各汽車企業(yè)對混合動力汽車的研發(fā)和產(chǎn)業(yè)化投入顯著增強，產(chǎn)業(yè)化步伐不斷加快。 一個擁有兩個或以上動力系統(tǒng)的汽車稱為混合動力車，這個動力系統(tǒng)被定義成能量源和能量轉(zhuǎn)換裝置的結(jié)合，通?；旌蟿恿嚨尿?qū)動系不會多于兩個動力系統(tǒng)。多于兩個動力系統(tǒng)會似的驅(qū)動系非常的復(fù)雜。出于回 收傳統(tǒng)內(nèi)燃機車輛制動過程中變成熱消耗掉的能量，混合動力驅(qū)動系通常有一個動力系統(tǒng)允許能量雙向流動。 混合動力驅(qū)動系可以將動力通過可選擇的路線傳遞給