拋丸清理機(jī)對板材軋輥進(jìn)行拋丸處理外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯@中英文翻譯@外文翻譯

1 外文翻譯原文 SHOT BLASTING MACHINES FOR THE BLASTING OF SHEET MILL ROLLS V. I. Meleshko, A. P. Kachailov, V. G. Boikov, V. L. Mazur, T. P, Kobka and I. I. Krivolapov At the present time much attention is being devoted to increasing the quality of rolled products, partieularly sheet. To a significant degree this depends upon the preparation of the roll surface. Many plants are engaged in improving the quality of working the roll surface in preparing them for rolling.This article was written by personnel from Zaporozhstal Plant, Magnetogorsk Metallurgical Combine, the Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy, Dnepropetrovsk, and Magnetogorsk Mining and Metallurgical Institute on this very real problem. The surface microrelief, or roughness, of cold rolled constructional sheet has an influence on the mechanical and production properties of metal, and also on the finish quality of parts made from this sheet. The final surface microrelief of thin sheet steel is formed in a skin pass on work roils which have been given a rough finish with metal shot. Normally the rough surface finish on the work rolls of skin pass stands is produced in pneumatic and rotor shot blasting machines. Experience in their use has shownthat the pneumatic machines used in the countrys steel plants do not fill the need for high quality blasting of roll surfaces. In 1969 the Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy, Dnepropetrovsk, did work on the SM-2 shot blasting machine in No. 1 Cold Roiling Mill of Zaprozhstal Plant, which revealed a number of shortcomings in its construction. To provide sheet with the surface roughness required by the specifications of Volga Automobile Plant (R a =0.8-1.6 g),the basic requirements for the design of shot blasting machines were determined, The machine must provide: 1. a constant shot size during operation, in other words, effective removal of shot of the specified size from 2 worn shot； 2. the possibility of controlling air pressure in the collector of the shot blast machine during stable operations； 3. the handling of work rolls of different diameters (400-500 mm) without special equipment on the machine； 4. simplicity in control and convenience in maintenance. Fig.1 The SM-2 machine (Fig. 1) consists of a stationary closed chamber ! with a trolley on wheels aad movab!enozzles 2 which under the action of compressed air discharge shot on to the roll surface, a worm conveyor 8, an elevator with a separator 4, the shot blast equipment 5, and an exhaust system 6. The equipment is mounted on a special foundation 1905 mm below the floor level The length of the machine withthe trolley out is 15fl00 ram, the height 4070 ram, and the width 4600 mr The dimensions of the rolls handled are 400-500 mm in diameter and 2000-4000 mm in length. The total weight of the equipment is 15 tons. As research has shown, the dynamics of the wear of a working mixture of abrasive and the original condition of the shot changes during operation. During blasting, the shot takes on a wider size range and is worn down, forming many fine particles. The conditions under which the parts are blasted depend upon the size of the shot used. The contamination of the specified size by fine particles disrupts the process, producing a poor quality surface on the rolls and consequently on the sheet. To eliminate these problems it is necessary to either 3 regularly measure the composition of the shot and make appropriate changes in the blasting sequence, which is difficult to do in practice, or to screen the shot during operation of the machine to provide the specified particle size. Stability in the blasting process is also determined by the quantity of shot delivered to the nozzles. It was experimentally established that supplying 0.3-0.4 kg/sec of shot to the two nozzles in operating with an air pressure of 2.5-4.0 atm provided stable operation. Equipping the machine with screening devices is an effective method for maintaining a constant shot size mix. This is confirmed both by data in the literature and by experience in the operation of SM-1 and TsKb_P-1 shot blast machines at Zaporozhstal Plant. The shot is delivered to the surface of the roll by the shot blast equipment, the chamber of which is divided by two diaphragms with charging vents into three compartments and is equipped with an electropneumatic control device. The working mixture from the upper compartment of the chamber drops to the lower and then to the collector. During operation of the machine,the vents are closed (turned on). The shot is poured in either after turning off the valves by the electropneumatic control device, or after shutting down the machine by the operator. When it is turned off, the vent descends, and between it and the diaphragm a circular gap 5 mm wide is formed. The vent is a cone with a slope of about 30% The shot drops slowly through this gap but not completely, and therefore it increases to t0 ram. The loading vents are alternately turned on by the control device. The first time the SM-2 machine was repaired, it was discovered that the control device frequently did not operate because of corrosion of the parts. With normal charging of abrasive (375 kg according to the nameplate), blasting must be stopped after each alternate pass of the nozzles, since after another pass the shot in the lower compartment is insufficient, and during blasting, With nonoperation of the control device, it does not drop from the upper compartment to the lower. Delivery of the nextportion of shot must be done only after the operator disconnects the shot blast equipment from the air system. In this case both charging vents are opened, and the abrasive is fed to the lower compartment. Continuous operation of the machine for three or four passes of the nozzles with nonoperation of the control device and the delivery of shot described above became possible after increasing the standard charge to 650 kg. However, the basic solution of this problem is stable operation of the control device. The used shot is collected by the collecting bunker of the working chamber and drops into 4 the receiving chute of the worm conveyor. The plates parallel to the worm conveyor are at a greater angle, and those perpendicular are at less of an angle, which tends to collect shot on them. Therefore, after blasting one roll it is necessary to shut the machine down to push the accumulated shot on to the screw conveyor. To eliminate this shortcoming, it is possible to lengthen the screw conveyor, which is half the length of the working chamber. In addition, the smaller plate is removed completely,and the parallel plates are elongated to correspond with the length of the worm conveyor. The compressed air supplied to the collector of the shot blast equipment is dried by an oil moisture separator. However, this method of drying is inadequate. Water vapor condenses in the main line and in the shot blast equipment, and as a result shot sticks together in the lower compartment and forms a solid mass. The solid mass clogs the vertical channels along which the abrasive is transported to the collector and disrupts the optimum ratio of shot to air in the blast. This has a detrimental effect on the blasting process and the quality of the roll surface. The presence of moisture in the air causes corrosion of the equipment and causes operation of the pneumatic equipment of the machine to be poorer. Therefore, in designing shot blast equipment,it is necessary to specify equipment for drying the air. Foreign firms, for example, use special drying equipment utilizing water absorbing substances such as silica gel and activated alumina for drying compressed air. 5 The mechanism for moving the nozzle has a number of shortcomings. Application of the jet of abrasive material on to the roll is through a nozzle mounted in an elbow shaped gun (Fig. 2). A shortcoming of the gun is the throttling of the mixture of compressed air and shot where the vertical and horizontal channels join. The junction is a right angle, which causes quick wearing away of the elbow. The cross sections of the channels and nozzle was increased. However, with an increase in the nozzle diameter from 10 to 12 mm (the allowable maximum) the consumption of air increased from 13 to 19 mS/h, which changed the ratio of shot to air in the blast. However, thisratio must be kept constant. Since during blasting it is difficult to make corrections, it was necessary o improve the design and increase the wear resistance of the parts. Fig.2 For this purpose a new design of blast guns, in which the diameter of the channels was increased (Fig. 2 b) and the shape of the transition from the channel to the channel and nozzle was changed, was proposed and tested, The new nozzle design is much more effective. After five months of operation,noticeable signs of wear in the elbowand nozzle have not been found, while the old design elbows wore out in a month. 6 The blast guns are moved along the roll by a conveyor belt. Under the action of the weight of the troJ.ley and oscillations caused by its movement along the guides on which shot falling from the surface of the rolls accumulates, the belt gets out of alignment. As a result, the impact of the stream of shot on the surface is not at a right angle, but glancing, which produces a poorer surface quality. Placing a strip under the gun eliminated this problem, and the roll surface quality became satisfactory. In the first period of operation the compressed air tn the SM-2 machine was obtained from the shop main i,ine, which has a pressure of 6 atm. According to readings on a manometer placed before the collector of the shot btaat unit, the air pressure in it did not exceed 4.0 aim. With this pressure, even with the use of the finest shot (DChK-0.8), the roughness of the rolls is at the upper limit (R a = 2.7 #). Therefore, it was necessary to reduce the working pressure of the air. An air valve was used to control the pressure, but it was very sensitive to changes in air pressure, and operation of the shot blast machine was unstaSle. As a result, a reducing valve was placed between the oil moisture separator and the shot blast equipment. This made it possible to control the air pressure in the collector from 4.0 to 2.0 atm with an accuracy of 0.1 atrr. The use of this valve provides stable operation of the shot blast equipment. To blast rolls of different diameters it is necessary each time to change the position of the blast gun, which is not provided for in the design of the SM-2 machine. For example, at the present time to blast a 400 mm diameter roll after a 500 mm roll the machine must be shut down for adjustment. In designing new shot blast machines the possibility of changing the height of the gun must be specified. To observe the blasting process, special observation windows were cut in the long wal! of the lighted working chamber. Nonetheless, observation of the surface of the roll being blasted was difficult. Therefore, three additional 500 W lights, protected by louvers, were placed on the ceiling of the working chamber. 7 Fig .3 Control of the machine (Fig. 3) is from the control panel 2, the valve 5 at the air line, the rheostats for con. trolling the speed of rotation of the roll and the movement of the nozzles, and the push buon for starting up the exhaust fan motor, which is behind the machine. Such an arrangement of the SM-2 shot blast machine equipment is not convenient for control The rheostats for controlling the speeds do not have graduated scales, which makes choice of the correct speed difficuR. Actual: 15 for each new position of the control handle it is necessary to determine the speed. These disadvantages must be eliminated in the design of new machines, It is also necessary to improve removal of accumulated metal dust from the horizontal portion of the exhaust line, which is in a difficult to reach location about 4 m above the floor tevel. To provide more convenient placement of the individual units of the shot blast machine and simplify imaintenance, the Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy has developed and turned over to Zaporozhstal Plant recommendations which have been partially put into use on the existing machine and will be studied in designing similar new machines. The improvement in the SM-2 pneumatic shot blasting machine has made it easily possible to controt and maintain the specified sequence for blasting work rolls for cold rolling and skin pass sheet stands. As a result, Zaporozhstal Plant is mass producing cold roiled constructional sheet with a surface roughness meeting Ferrous Metallurgy Technical Specifications 1-683-69 and 1-686-69. 8 外文翻譯譯文 用拋丸清理機(jī)對板材軋輥進(jìn)行拋丸處理 V. I. Meleshko, A. P. Kachailov, V. G. Boikov, V. L. Mazur, T. P, Kobka, 和 I. I. Krivolapov 目前，軋制品的質(zhì)量受到許多關(guān)注，特別是板料。這 從相當(dāng)大的程度上 取決于 軋輥表面處理 。許多公司著手提高軋輥表面處理的質(zhì)量，為輾壓作準(zhǔn)備。這篇文章的作者來自 Zaporozhstal 公司 ， Magnetogorsk 冶金聯(lián)合企業(yè)的人員 ， 有色冶金研究所 , Dnepropetrovsk 和 Magnetogorsk 采礦和冶金學(xué)院 ，來研究這個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)的問題。 微表面質(zhì)量 ，或粗糙施工的冷軋板，對 金屬的 機(jī)械 性能 和生產(chǎn)性能 ，也對來自于這塊板料部分的最終質(zhì)量有影響。 薄鋼板 最終 微 表面的形成是通過對已用金屬球粗加工過的表 面進(jìn)行工作輾壓得到的。 通常情況下，對不合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表面的工作輾壓粗加工是由 氣動(dòng)力學(xué)和電動(dòng) 拋丸 清理機(jī)完成 。 在使用中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明國家鋼鐵廠使用的氣動(dòng)機(jī)不能滿足輥板表面拋丸處理的高質(zhì)量要求。 1969 年， Dnepropetrovsk 冶金研究所在 Zaprozhstal 廠 1 號 冷的混亂的磨房 研究了 SM-2 型拋丸清理機(jī)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些它結(jié)構(gòu)上的缺點(diǎn)。 為了提供 符合 伏爾加汽車廠表面粗糙度 要求的板料（粗糙度為 0.8-1.6u） ,用于拋丸機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的基本要求是確定的。機(jī)器必須滿足： 1. 在操作時(shí)一個(gè)持續(xù)的噴丸尺寸，換句話說，有效去除已磨 損彈丸的既定尺寸； 2. 平穩(wěn)操作時(shí)，控制拋丸機(jī)收集的空氣氣壓的可能性； 3. 在機(jī)器沒有特別的設(shè)備時(shí)，對不同直徑（ 400-500mm） 的工作輥的處理； 4. 控制簡單，維修方便。 9 圖一 SM-2 拋丸機(jī)（如圖 1）是由一個(gè)裝有輪子的固定的封閉室 1，一個(gè)可移動(dòng)噴管 2（ 2 在壓縮空氣的行動(dòng)下，對軋輥表面發(fā)射彈丸），一個(gè)蠕蟲輸送機(jī) 3，有分隔的傳送機(jī) 4，拋丸裝置 5，和排氣系統(tǒng) 6 組成。該設(shè)備安裝在一個(gè)低于地面水平 1905 毫米的特殊地基上。有小車的機(jī)器的長度是 15， 200 拉姆 ，高度是 4070 毫米，寬 度 4600毫米。操作的輥的尺寸是直徑 400-500 毫米，長度 2000-4000 毫米。整臺設(shè)備的總重量是 15 噸。 研究表現(xiàn)了操作中 一個(gè)工作 中 混合磨料磨損的動(dòng)力 和彈丸變化的原始情況。在拋丸時(shí)，彈丸在一個(gè)更大的尺寸范圍內(nèi)變化，磨損，形成許多微粒。在這種情況下，零件的拋丸取決于所用彈丸的尺寸。特定大小的微粒污染會破壞拋丸過程，使輥表面以及最后板料上的表面粗糙度降低。為了解決這些問題，有必要既定期地檢查彈丸構(gòu)成，在拋丸過程中做適當(dāng)調(diào)整（在實(shí)際中很難做到），又要在機(jī)器運(yùn)行過程中篩選彈丸以提供特定大小的微粒。 拋丸過 程中的穩(wěn)定性也是由送入噴管的彈丸的數(shù)量所決定的。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，在氣壓2.5 -4.0atm 下 ,提供 0.3-0.4kg/sec 的彈丸到運(yùn)行的兩個(gè)噴管中可以使操作穩(wěn)定。給機(jī)器裝配一個(gè)篩選裝置是一個(gè)保持彈丸尺寸的有效方法。理論上的數(shù)據(jù)和Zaporozhstal公司在 SM-1 和 TsKb_P-1拋丸清理機(jī)的實(shí)際操作經(jīng)驗(yàn)都證實(shí)了這一點(diǎn)。 10 彈丸通過拋丸裝置傳送到輥表面，機(jī)器的封閉室被分為兩個(gè)隔膜間，每間分為三格，并配備一個(gè)電子氣動(dòng)控制裝置。 工作混合物 從上格式 下降到較低的，然后收集。在操作機(jī)器時(shí)，排氣 口被關(guān)閉（打開）。 彈丸要 么在電子氣動(dòng)控制裝置關(guān)閉閥門后送入，要么在操作者關(guān)閉拋丸機(jī)以后送入。當(dāng)機(jī)器關(guān)閉時(shí)， 出氣孔下降，并且在它和膜片之間 形成了 一個(gè)圓空 5 毫米寬 的圓孔。排氣口是一個(gè)大約有 30 度的錐體，彈丸慢慢通過這一缺口，但不完全，然后彈丸直徑減少到 10 毫米。裝載噴口由控制裝置輪流打開。首次維修 SM-2 拋丸機(jī)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)由于零件的腐蝕，控制系統(tǒng)經(jīng)常不運(yùn)行。 正常磨料（根據(jù)銘牌三百七十五千克）， 在交替通過每個(gè)噴管后必須停止拋丸，因?yàn)?之后 另一個(gè) 通過 彈丸 的低射艙室是不夠的 。在拋丸時(shí)由于控制裝置不運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，它不能從較高的艙室下降到較低的。僅僅在操作者 將拋丸設(shè)備從空氣系統(tǒng)中分離后，下一部分的彈丸才能被送過來。在這種情況下，兩個(gè)掌管的通風(fēng)口都必須被打開，磨料要被送到較低的艙室。機(jī)器的連續(xù)工作使磨料通過沒有控制裝置的三至四個(gè)噴管，在磨料增加到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求 650kg 后，上述彈丸的運(yùn)輸才變?yōu)榭赡?。然而，解決這個(gè)問題的基本方案還是控制裝置的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。 可用的彈丸是由工作室的收集艙收集的，然后落入蠕蟲傳送機(jī)的接受槽。平行于蠕蟲傳送機(jī)的板材處在一個(gè)更大的角度， 而那些垂 線 正處于一個(gè)角度，傾向于收集 朝它們射來的彈丸 。 因此，在對一個(gè)輥板進(jìn)行拋丸后有必要關(guān)閉機(jī)器將累積的彈丸推到螺 旋傳送器上。為了消除這個(gè)缺點(diǎn)，將螺旋傳送器加長到工作室長度的一半是可行的。此外，更小的板料已經(jīng)完全消除，平行板被拉長以符合蠕蟲輸送機(jī)的長度。 提供給拋丸設(shè)備收集室的壓縮空氣被油水分離裝