高考英語二輪完形填空考點解析12語法知識.doc

完形填空突破(八)語法知識題完形填空題中也有考查語法知識的題目,考生不僅要理解上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,更要有針對性地對語法結(jié)構(gòu)、句式特點以及短文所留空格中要填的詞在句子里作什么成分,哪類詞合適,應(yīng)采取什么形式等進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的分析思考。比如,選用動詞就要考慮各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)、及物、不及物、主謂搭配以及固定搭配等一系列問題。熟練地掌握基礎(chǔ)語法知識并運用其分析解答問題是一種非常有效的解題方法。1根據(jù)行文關(guān)系,準(zhǔn)確判斷代詞在一篇文章的后文中,為了簡便起見,對于前文出現(xiàn)的人或物往往用代詞代替,完形填空中也經(jīng)常會有考查這方面語法現(xiàn)象的試題?？忌谧鲞@類試題時,要注意人稱代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式、替代詞的特指和泛指等。典例when the children came back to steal her 29 ,she had them stuck on the tree.they had to beg her long 30 she gave the tree permission to let 31 go.aunty misery was free from the 32 at last.(2008陜西)31a.it bthem chim dher答案b解析本題考查代詞的指代問題。結(jié)合文意,此處是她放“偷梨的孩子”走,故用them指代偷梨的孩子。2根據(jù)邏輯聯(lián)系,恰當(dāng)使用從句定語從句、狀語從句和名詞性從句是構(gòu)成文章的重要句型,完形填空中有很多試題是關(guān)于從句知識的,旨在考查考生的語篇行文邏輯推理能力。做此類試題時,考生要注意判斷空白處在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?以及前后部分的邏輯關(guān)系等。3根據(jù)態(tài)度情感,準(zhǔn)確使用情態(tài)動詞典例the next morning the stranger,actually a sorcerer (巫師),thanked her by granting (允準(zhǔn)) her 26 that anyone who climbed up her tree 27 not be able to come back down until she 28 it.(2008陜西)26a.suggestion bdemandcpermission dwish27a.could bshouldcmight dmust28a.permitted bpromisedcanswered ddeclared答案26.d27.b28.a解析26.從下文that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句的內(nèi)容看,此處應(yīng)是她的一個很難實現(xiàn)的愿望,而不是suggestion建議；demand要求；permission允許,故選d項。27考查情態(tài)動詞。wish是先行詞,同位語從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用“should動詞原形”。might和could通常不與be able to連用；must表示“必須”。28此處意為“直到她允許,爬上樹的人才可以下來”,故選a項。1while watching the olympics the other night,i came across an incredible sight.the1was swimming and started with only three men.for one reason or another,two of them had a2start,so they were disqualified.that would have been difficult enough,not having anyone to 3against.i watched the man4off the blocks and knew immediately that something was wrong.now im not an expert5but i do know a good dive6a poor one,and this was not exactly medal7.i listened to the crowd begin to8this poor man who was clearly having a9time.finally he made his turn to start back.it was10.he made a few desperate strokes (劃水) and you could tell he was exhausted.but in those few11strokes,the crowd had changed.no longer were they laughing,but beginning to12.some even began to13things like,“come on,you can do it！”,and he14finished his race.the crowd went15.even though he recorded one of the16times in olympic history,this man gave more heart than any of the other17.in a competition where athletes remove their silver medals,feeling they have18been cheated out of gold,or when they act so19in front of their competitors,it is nice to watch an underdog (失敗者),a man that gave his allknowing that he had no chance,but competed because of his20and the spirit of the games.1a.view bevent cgame dmatch答案b解析event此處意為“(比賽)項目”。2a.false bnervous cstrangedviolent答案a解析a false start(運動中)搶在指令前行動。此處理解為其他選手搶跳了,犯規(guī)出局。3a.fight bstruggle cdefend drace答案d解析其他人都被罰下場了,只剩這一名運動員,沒有人跟他競技了。4a.set bbounce cdive dfall答案c解析從泳道起點的出發(fā)臺上跳下泳池,dive此處意為“跳水”。5a.swimmer bcoach cjudgedadviser答案a解析“我”不是內(nèi)行的游泳者,但“我”也能看出入水這一跳的好壞。6a.from bin cbeyond dbetween答案a解析固定搭配know a from b,意為“區(qū)分,辨別”。7a.feature bquality cexample dsign答案b解析這一跳可不具有得獎牌應(yīng)有的水平。8a.break off bstand by claugh at dfocus on答案c解析奧運會參賽選手一般都是高手,所以這位選手的表現(xiàn)自然引來了觀眾的嘲笑(laugh at)。9a.happy bwonderful cvaguedtough答案d解析這位選手游得艱難,have a tough timehave a hard time。10a.hopeful bpitiful cboring dskillful答案b解析眼前的情景是值得同情的(pitiful)。11a.flexible bsmart cawkward dexcellent答案c解析在那幾下笨拙的(awkward)劃水之后。12a.support bquit ccheer dhesitate答案c解析觀眾被這位運動員不放棄的精神感動,開始喝彩。13a.speak bpresent cconcludedyell答案d解析yell為shout的同義詞。觀眾開始大聲喊加油。14a.eventually bhardlycsuccessfullydnearly答案a解析運動員終于(eventually)游完了全程。15a.wild bangry csad dgrey答案a解析結(jié)合上文,a項最符合語境。16a.fastest bluckiest chardest dslowest答案d解析他是奧運歷史上最慢的選手之一。17a.companions bcompetitorscvolunteersdpartners答案b解析句意為：雖然他是奧運歷史上最慢的選手之一,但他比其他選手都用心。18a.somehow balready ceven danyway答案a解析在比賽中有的銀牌獲得者會覺得自己是因某種程度上的被騙而無緣金牌。19a.poorly bcarelesslycsharplydproudly答案d解析也有一些運動員因為成績遙遙領(lǐng)先而趾高氣揚。20a.advantage bindependencecdetermination dprinciple答案c解析明知不能取勝,卻因為自己的意志和奧運會的精神完成了(比賽)。2(2008浙江)in the depths of my memory, many things i did with my father still live.these things have come to represent, in fact, what i call 1 and love.i dont remember my father ever getting into a swimming pool.but he did2the water.any kind of3ride seemed to give him pleasure.4he loved to fish；sometimes he took me along.but i never really liked being on the water, the way my father did.i liked being 5the water, moving through it,6it all around me.i was not a strong7, or one who learned to swim early, for i had my 8.but i loved being in the swimming pool close to my fathers office and9those summer days with my father, who10come by on a break.i needed him to see what i could do.my father would stand there in his suit, the11person not in swimsuit.after swimming, i would go12his office and sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk, where he let me 13 anything i found in his top desk drawer.sometimes, if i was left alone at his desk 14 he worked in the lab, an assistant or a student might come in and tell me perhaps i shouldnt be playing with his 15 .but my father always 16 and said easily, “oh, no, its 17 .”sometimes he handed me coins and told me to get 18 an ice cream.a poet once said, “we look at life once, in childhood；the rest is 19 .”and i think it is not only what we “l(fā)ook at once, in childhood”that determines our memories, but 20 , in that childhood, looks at us.1a.desire bjoy canger dworry答案b解析此處應(yīng)選一個與love相近的詞,故選b。2a.avoid brefusecpraise dlove答案d解析本句中的but為提示詞。3a.boat bbus ctrain dbike答案a解析前面提到喜歡water,那么與water有關(guān)的就是“boat”了。4a.but bthen cand dstill答案c解析此處表順承關(guān)系(喜歡水,也喜歡魚)。5a.on boff cby din答案d解析前面提到on the water,后面又有moving through it,可知此處指在水里。6a.having bleaving cmaking dgetting答案a解析此處having指“持有,擁有”,指身體四周全有水。7a.swimmer brider cwalker drunner答案a解析在水中當(dāng)然是swimmer。8a.hopes bfaiths crights dfears答案d解析既然不是strong swimmer,當(dāng)然就害怕。9a.spending bsaving cwasting druining答案a解析和父親一起度過summer days。10a.should bwould chad to dought to答案b解析此處would指“常常,總是”。11a.next bonly cother dlast答案b解析父親總是穿著他的衣服站在那兒,