湖北省襄陽市高考英語閱讀理解二輪訓(xùn)練（5）(1).doc

湖北省襄陽市2014高考英語閱讀理解二輪訓(xùn)練（5）及答案閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（a、b、c和d）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。the homeless world cup is an international football event, where teams made up entirely of people who are homeless compete. the event has been held annually since 2003. it was at the end of 2001 that mel young, a famous expert in the media industry, came up with the idea of the homeless world cup. 18 months later the first event took place in austria. it was such a success that people decided to do more.there are some interesting and special rules of the event. for example, players(male or female at least 16 years old) must have been homeless at some time after the previous years world cup or make their main living income by selling newspapers in the street or be asylum（政治避難） seekers . anyone can take part, regardless of his or her abilities there are at most 4 players per team to compete in the field. games are 14 minutes long.in 2007, 48 nations, 500 players took a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to represent their countries for true spirit and glory in copenhagen, denmark. the winner in 2007 was scotland. the 2008 homeless world cup took place in melbourne, australia. and in 2009 it was held in milan. the latest homeless world cup was held in rio de janeiro, brazil in september 2010. paris 2011 homeless world cup takes place augustfollowed by the mxico city 2012 homeless world cup.the success of the competition has been in two aspectsto attract the worlds attention to the problems of homelessness and also to help participants live a better life. according to a survey by the homeless world cup organization after 2006 homeless world cup, 92% of the players had a new motivation for life, 93 players successfully got rid of their dependency on drugs and alcohol, 44% improved their housing situation and 72% continued to play football.36. according to the passage, which of the following is true? a. the first homeless world cup took place in 2003.b. the homeless world cup was held every other year.c. the host country of the 9th homeless world cup was australia.d. anyone who is homeless can take part in the homeless world cup. 37. the aim of the homeless world cup is to _. a. promote the cause of footballb. help the homeless live a better lifec. draw attention to those living in povertyd. call on homeless people to unite and compete for honor38. what can we learn from the last paragraph? a. most players moved out of poverty.b. homeless players became professional footballers.c. 93% of the players were independent of drugs and alcohol.d. the homeless world cup helped homeless people change their lives.39. what would be the best title for this passage? a. to end homelessness.b. football for everyone.c. hope for the homeless.d. beating homelessness through football.【參考答案】3639、abdd 閱讀理解課堂練學(xué)案（12）passage eleven (the affect of electricity on cancer) can electricity cause cancer? in a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous. but for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. the implications are unsettling, to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimateor the worst kind of paranoia. now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the u.s. environmental protection agency. in the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week, the epa has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. the agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a casual link” between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fieldsthose having very longwave-lengthsand leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer, while the report falls short of classifying elf fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.” the report is no reason to panicor even to lost sleep. if there is a cancer risk, it is a small one. the evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the bush administration, and the epa released it over strong objections from the pentagon and the whit house. but now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.at the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon: when an electric current passes through a wire, tit generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects, for many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak. the elf magnetic field generated by a video terminal measures only a few milligauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of the earths own magnetic field, the electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be only about 1 millivolt per meter. this is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.how could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? the consensus used to be that they could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like x-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body. such “ionizing” radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there are regulations to control emissions.but epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect. though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to elf fields can have biological effects on animal tissues, a mechanism by which those effects could lead to cancerous growths has never been found.the pentagon is for from persuaded. in a blistering 33-page critique of the epa report, air force scientists charge its authors with having “biased the entire document” toward proving a link. “our reviewers are convinced that there is no suggestion that (electromagnetic fields) present in the environment induce or promote cancer,” the air force concludes. “it is astonishing that the epa would lend its imprimatur on this report.” then pentagons concern is understandable. there is hardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane.1.the main idea of this passage is a. studies on the cause of cancer . controversial view-points in the cause of cancerc. the relationship between electricity and cancer.d. different ideas about the effect of electricity on caner.2.the view-point of the epa is a. there is casual link between electricity and cancer. electricity really affects cancer.c. controversial.d.low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancer3.why did the pentagon and whit house object to the release of the report? becausea. it may stir a great deal of debate among the bush administration. every unit of the modern military has depended on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment.c. the pentagons concern was understandable.d. they had different arguments.4.it can be inferred from physical phenomenona. the force of the electromagnetic field is too weak to be harmful. the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that the cells generate.c. electromagnetic field may affect health.d. only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body.5.what do you think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments?a.they are indifferent. . they are worried very much.c. the may exercise prudent avoidance. c. they are shocked.vocabulary1. preposterous 反常的，十分荒謬的，乖戾的2. leukemia 白血病3. malignancy 惡性腫瘤4. legitimate 合法的，合理的5. paranoia 偏執(zhí)狂，妄想狂。這里指：無根據(jù)的擔(dān)心。6. lymphoma 淋巴瘤7. carcinogen 致癌物8. minuscule 很小的，很不重要9. consensus 輿論10. wallop 亂竄，猛沖，沖擊力11. epidemiological 流行病學(xué)的12. blistering 羅嗦的，胡扯的13. critique 評(píng)論，批評(píng)14. imprimatur 出版許可（官方審查后的），批準(zhǔn)難句譯注1. because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimateor the worst kind of paranoia.參考譯文 由于這問題的證據(jù)還不是結(jié)論性的，而且常常是矛盾的，所以就難以斷定有關(guān)電力對(duì)身體的影響的顧慮是合乎情理，還是毫無根據(jù)的懷疑。2. epau.s. environmental protection agency 美國環(huán)境保護(hù)署3 while the report falls short (缺乏，不夠) of classifying elf fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.”參考譯文 雖然報(bào)告沒有把極低頻磁場歸類為可能致癌物，但它確實(shí)指出通常60赫茲的磁場是“一種雖尚未證實(shí)，但可能導(dǎo)致人患癌癥的因素?！?4 the evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the bush administration, and the epa released it over strong objections from the pentagon and the whit house參考譯文 證據(jù)爭議性仍然很大，所以報(bào)告草案在布什政府內(nèi)引起巨大的爭辯，而環(huán)保署無視無角大樓和白宮的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)，公布了這份報(bào)告。5. this is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.參考譯文 這遠(yuǎn)比細(xì)胞所產(chǎn)生的電磁場低的多。6. and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like x-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body.參考譯文而且?guī)资陙?，科學(xué)家專注于更為強(qiáng)大的輻射類別，如光射線，其聚合的沖擊力足以把電子從組成人體的分子中撞出來。7. but epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect.參考譯文 可是流行病學(xué)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，幾組資料在數(shù)據(jù)方面有所關(guān)聯(lián)，卻沒有證實(shí)其因果關(guān)系。8. a body of laboratory work 一批研究成果。9. in a blistering 33-page critique of the epa report, air force scientists charge its authors with having “biased the entire document” toward proving a link.參考譯文 在長達(dá)33頁的對(duì)環(huán)保署文件的十分尖銳的批評(píng)中，空軍方面的科學(xué)家指責(zé)，作者歪曲整個(gè)文件以證明癌癥和電磁場之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。10. it is astonishing that the epa would lend its imprimatur on this report.參考譯文 令人驚訝的是環(huán)保署竟然批準(zhǔn)許可這份報(bào)告的出籠。寫作方法與文章大意文章以問答的方式，對(duì)比的寫作方法，寫出了圍繞電力是否影響健康是否致癌因素的兩種觀點(diǎn)，及其觀點(diǎn)的依據(jù)。一種是美國環(huán)境保護(hù)署為代表的：極低頻磁場是一種可能但還未被證實(shí)的致癌因素，而且無視白宮和五角大樓反對(duì)，公布了這份報(bào)告。理由是科學(xué)證據(jù)提出了兩者之間的關(guān)聯(lián)偶然性。另一種以空軍中科學(xué)家為主的觀點(diǎn)：電磁場不會(huì)誘發(fā)或觸發(fā)癌癥，而且以歪曲整個(gè)文件來證明兩者之關(guān)系，批評(píng)了環(huán)保署。其理由人人皆知。因軍隊(duì)中任一單位都有點(diǎn)從地面雷達(dá)到艦艇飛機(jī)防衛(wèi)系統(tǒng)。答案祥解1. d 電力對(duì)癌癥影響的不同觀點(diǎn)。文章一開始就提出了“電會(huì)致癌嗎？”這個(gè)問題。十多年來，一大批科學(xué)家和新聞界人士都指出：研究結(jié)果似乎表示：接觸電磁場可能會(huì)增加患白血病和其他惡性腫瘤的危險(xiǎn)性。所以說到目前為止還難以確定電力對(duì)健康的影響究竟是理性的，還是杞人憂天。見難句注釋1。第二段公布了環(huán)保署的報(bào)告，見難句注釋3。第三段說明：即使有致癌危險(xiǎn)也是極微的。但應(yīng)予以認(rèn)真對(duì)待，進(jìn)行更多的研究。而第七段中空軍方面的科學(xué)家還沒有被說服（見難句注釋9），明確提出，我們的評(píng)論員認(rèn)為沒有跡象說明環(huán)境中存在的電力會(huì)誘發(fā)或促發(fā)癌癥。a. 對(duì)致癌因素的研究。 b. 致癌原因方面有爭議的觀點(diǎn)，這兩項(xiàng)根本部隊(duì)，和文內(nèi)電力毫無關(guān)系。 c. 電力和癌癥的關(guān)系，文中涉及的是電力究竟會(huì)不會(huì)致癌的兩種觀點(diǎn)，而不是兩者之關(guān)系。2. a. 電和致癌有一定難以確定的關(guān)系。答案在第二段第三句，環(huán)保署目前的結(jié)論是據(jù)科學(xué)證據(jù)指出極低頻電磁場具有長波的電磁場和白血病，淋巴瘤及腦癌之間有著難以確定的聯(lián)系，見難句注釋3。a. 電確實(shí)致癌，不對(duì)。 c. 有爭議的。說的不夠清楚，爭議什么。 d. 低頻磁場是一個(gè)可能致癌因素。這只是論點(diǎn)的一面。3. b. 現(xiàn)代軍事的任何部門都一直依賴于應(yīng)用大量應(yīng)用電子設(shè)備。五角大樓和白宮所以反對(duì)環(huán)保署公布報(bào)告之理由就在此。空軍方面的專家所以說環(huán)保署方面的報(bào)告“歪曲了整個(gè)文件以證明兩者之間的關(guān)系”也在此。見難句注釋4。所以文內(nèi)說“角大樓的關(guān)注是可以理解的。”a. 報(bào)告會(huì)在布什政府內(nèi)引起大規(guī)模的辯論，這是結(jié)果。 c. 五角大樓的關(guān)注是可以理解的，這不是原因。 d. 他們有不同的觀點(diǎn)。4. a.磁場力太弱不會(huì)產(chǎn)生有害作用。答案在第四段第二，三句，當(dāng)電流通過電纜，產(chǎn)生磁場，對(duì)周圍物體產(chǎn)生（影響）力。許多年來，科學(xué)家把任何有關(guān)“這些力可能有害的想法”置于一邊（不予考慮），主要是因?yàn)樗鼈儯ㄋa(chǎn)生的力）非常弱。b. 磁場力比細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的電磁場弱。只是明確指出的事實(shí)。 c. 磁場力對(duì)人的健康有害。不對(duì)。 d. 只有更強(qiáng)的輻射才能把人體中的電子擊出來。不對(duì)。5. c. 他們會(huì)采取謹(jǐn)慎小心避開電器的途徑。因?yàn)樗麄儾豢赡芟骯項(xiàng)那樣漠不關(guān)心。這種問題直接影響人的生命。b. 他們非常擔(dān)憂。 d. 他們感到震驚，這兩項(xiàng)都不可能，因?yàn)檫€在爭議中，唯一的途徑是盡量避開和電器接觸。【2014高考英語湖北省襄陽市統(tǒng)考試題】b it is no wonder the village is the coldest permanently inhabited （有人居住的）settlement in the world with the average temperature for january standing at -50known as the pole of cold, the coldest ever temperature recorded in oymyakon was -712this is the lowest recorded temperature for any permanently inhabited location on earth and the lowest temperature recorded in the northern hemispheresurprisingly, oymyakon actually means non-freezing water due to a nearby hot spring nothing grows there so people eat reindeer meat and horse meat a single shop provides the towns bare necessities and the locals work as reindeer-breeders, hunters and ice-fisherman doctors say the reason the locals dont suffer from malnutrition（營養(yǎng)失調(diào)）is that their animals milk contains a lot of micronutrients unsurprisingly, locals are accustomed to the weather and unlike in other countries-where heavy snow brings everything grinding to a halt, oymyakons school only shuts if temperatures fall below -52 there are few modern conveniences in the village-with many buildings still having outdoor toilets-and most people still burn coal and wood for heatwhen coal deliveries are irregular, the power station starts burning woodif the power stops, the town shuts down in about five hours, andthe pipes freeze and crack daily problems that come with living in oymyakon include pen ink freezing, glasses freezing to peoples faces and batteries losing powerlocals are said to！cave their cars running all day for fear of not being able to restart themeven if there was coverage for mobile phone reception