外文翻譯--萬向節(jié)十字軸的潤滑

附 錄 附錄 A 英文文獻(xiàn) the lubrication of Cross-axis gimbal assembly Cross-axis gimbal assemblyis the power transfer to an important part of the system. From the cars structure, however, the front wheel drive car is concerned, its transmission shaft is constant, the use of universal joint of the rear wheel drive the vehicle in the drive shaft, using two not constant speed universal joint couplings. The general SiCheZhu to universal joint of the shaft lubrication maintenance, because now very strange cars drive shaft of universal joint is one-time accessories, their basic the cross of the shaft lubrication use is high quality, and universal joint is grease with life； And some commercial transport vehicles, especially the old model of existing truck or can the maintenance of universal joint. Universal shaft in the work to handle a lot of torque and alternating load, repair industry used commonly known as the butter of calcium and manufactured the shaft lubrication to. But because the calcium and manufactured of oil film degree is poorer, in strong bearing and shaft neck of friction surface, difficult to form good oil film, is causing the universal joint axis needle bearing early the cause of damage. In addition, because the old universal shaft structure reason, when the mechanic design with butter gun through the note nozzle inner cavity axis to cross and grease, because the grease viscosity, into the narrow way of oil in the oil, then a grease resistance by pressure will top the pressure reducing valve open across the nozzle and overflow, this makes the repairman mistaken for already filled with fat to bearing, in fact, a lot of time not only can enter into a grease needle between, is to achieve the shaft neck end is more difficult. Therefore, repair industry the useful gear oil instead of grease lubrication universal joint cross axis practice. It is said that by comparison experiment, with gear oil lubrication universal ten bytes of service life is to use common butter lubrication for 2 3 times. But it also has need special note oil pressure, and for the first time in tools on the need to remove the shaft cleaning, more troublesome. And the gear oil as the lubrication grease proponent, it is necessary to shorten the cycle. Consider above reason, also someone using 2 # extreme pressure composite lithium and manufactured, this is based on two things: first, the liquidity is better, so it is easy to make its reach lubrication part. Second, the fat of the extreme pressure sex, suitable for universal ten bytes of working state. According to our understanding of users, at present the development trend of the universal shaft to cancel the oil hole, so must choose and equipment parts with grease of life, with fat types: the extreme pressure composite lithium, extreme pressure lithium, polyurea base fat. Such as universal machinery, the iron production car companies such as the blessing of universals cross axis needle bearing grease lubrication with. 附錄 B中文翻譯 萬向節(jié)十字軸的潤滑 萬向節(jié)十字軸是汽車動(dòng)力傳遞系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分。從汽車的結(jié)構(gòu)來看，對前輪驅(qū)動(dòng)車而 言，其傳動(dòng)軸是使用等速萬向節(jié)接頭，對后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)的車輛而言，其傳動(dòng)軸使用兩個(gè)不等速萬向節(jié)接頭。一般的私車主對萬向節(jié)十字軸的潤滑保養(yǎng)十分陌生，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在的小轎車傳動(dòng)軸的萬向節(jié)基本是一次性配件，它們的十字軸潤滑采用的是高質(zhì)量的潤滑脂，是與萬向節(jié)同壽命的；而一些商業(yè)性運(yùn)輸車輛、特別是現(xiàn)存老型號卡車的萬向節(jié)接頭還是可維修的。 萬向節(jié)十字軸在工作中要承受很大的扭力和交變載荷，維修行業(yè)過去常用俗稱 “黃油 ”的鈣基潤滑脂來潤滑十字軸。但由于鈣基潤滑脂的油膜堅(jiān)韌程度較差，在軸承與軸頸的摩擦表面難以形成良好的油膜，是導(dǎo)致萬向 節(jié)十字軸滾針軸承的早期損壞的原因。另外，由于老式萬向節(jié)十字軸設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)原因，當(dāng)修理工用黃油槍通過注油嘴向十字軸內(nèi)腔加潤滑脂時(shí)，因?yàn)闈櫥恼扯却?，進(jìn)入狹窄內(nèi)油槽油道的阻力很大，這時(shí)潤滑脂靠壓力會頂開油嘴對面的減壓閥而溢出，這使修理工誤認(rèn)為已給軸承加滿脂了，事實(shí)上很多時(shí)候潤滑脂不僅不能進(jìn)入滾針之間，就是達(dá)到十字軸頸端面也是較困難的。因此，維修行業(yè)里有用齒輪油代替潤滑脂潤滑萬向節(jié)十字軸的做法。據(jù)說經(jīng)過對比實(shí)驗(yàn)，用齒輪油潤滑萬向十字節(jié)的使用壽命是使用普通黃油進(jìn)行潤滑的 2 3 倍。但這樣做也存在需要專門的加壓注油工具， 同時(shí)在第一次加油時(shí)需把十字軸卸下清洗，比較麻煩。還有齒輪油的保持性不如潤滑脂，其潤滑周期需