初三英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解及-練習(xí).doc

定語(yǔ)從句的用法和精練一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念 在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。定語(yǔ)從句在句子中的功能類(lèi)似于一個(gè)形容詞用于修飾名詞或代詞，由于它是以句子為單位的超大號(hào)形容詞（較長(zhǎng)），所以 一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞的后面，而被修飾的名詞或代詞放在定語(yǔ)從句前，叫做先行詞。 二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括：that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,在從句中做主、賓、表、定語(yǔ)等成分。常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系副詞包括：where, when, why等。在從句中做時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等狀語(yǔ)。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。 三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi) 根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),從句不可省去,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi),起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 四、關(guān)系代詞的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。(that作主語(yǔ)) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(that作賓語(yǔ)) 2.which用于指物,在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車(chē)站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語(yǔ)) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語(yǔ)) 3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語(yǔ),whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中,有時(shí)可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如: The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。(作主語(yǔ)) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話(huà)的老師是誰(shuí)?(作賓語(yǔ)) 注意:(1)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時(shí),who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔?。This is the house that we lived in last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔?。（這里不能用 in that） Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英文小說(shuō)。 Please tell me who you borrowed the English novel from.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英文小說(shuō)。(2)含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如: This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。 (3)that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。 (4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況: a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。 b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎? c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如: This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車(chē)。 d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用that, 而不用which.例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。 e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)? f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that,而不用which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書(shū)是湯姆的。 (5)關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況: a.先行詞為that, those時(shí),用which, 而不用that.例如: Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么? b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),一般用which,而不用that.例如: This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。 c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用which, 而不用that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來(lái)了,這使我們很高興。 五、關(guān)系副詞的用法 (1)when指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如: This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。 (2)where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如: This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。 (3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例如: Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒(méi)人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。 一、用關(guān)系代詞（that、which、who、whom、whose）或關(guān)系副詞（when、where、why）填空。1Thisistheman_wantstoseeyou.2Thestudent_answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3Theman_youwenttoseehascome.4Theman_Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5Thewoman_yousawisourgeographyteacher.6Hereisthepen_youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.7Thesebooks_youlentmewereveryuseful.8Aclockisamachine_tellspeoplethetime.9Thisistheshirt_Iboughtyesterday.10Thebook_isonthetableismine.11Thefilm_theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.12Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_Ihaveevervisited.13Isthereanyone_familyisinBeijing?14Showmetheboy_motherisawell-knownsinger.15Theboy_fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.16.Idontknowthereason_hewaslatefortheclass.17Abirthdayisthedate_onewasborn.18Doyouknowthereason_noonequestionedAristotlestheoryforabout2,000years?19Doyoustillrememberthedays_wespenttogetherlastterm?20Shanghaiisthecity_Iwasborn.21Thehouse_Ilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.22Istillremembertheday_Ifirstcametotheschool.23Thetime_wegottogetherfinallycame.24Pleasetellmethereason_youmissedtheplane.25.Idontknowthereason_helooksunhappytoday.26Everything_Iknowwillbetaughttothestudents.27Thisisthebestfilm_Ihaveeverseen.28Themanagerwalkedtowardthegate_theworkersarewaiting.29.Youcant gointothisroom_theyarehavingameeting.30Istillrememberthedays_westudiedtogether.31Thepicture_hasahouseandflowersistheoneIlikebest.32Hefailedintheexam,_surprisedusall.33.Herparentswouldntlethermarryanyone_familywaspoor.34Tom,_parentsarepoorworkers,alwaysgoeshungry.二、單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.Thisisthebag_mymotherboughtyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this()2.Theman_livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.A.whomB.whichC.whoD./()3.Thegirl_yousawinthestreetisMary.A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.as()4.Isthisthefactory_alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whom()5.Isthisfactory_alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.thatC.whichD./()6.Theonlylanguage_iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.whichB.thatC./D.it()7.Thegirlhandedeverything_shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.all()8._cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.A.ThatB.WhoC.TheonewhoD.Thestudentswho()9.Pleaseshowmethebook_youboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.this()10.Thisisthebestbook_Ihavebeenlookingforallthisyear.A.whoB.whomC.whichD./()11.Thisistheonlyarticleofthesethat_writtenbyhim.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are()12.Theman_washerejustnowisadoctor.A.whomB.whoC./D.he()13.Theboy_hastwolovelydogs.A.wholivenextdoorB.whichlivesnextdoorC.whomlivesnextdoorD.thatlivesnextdoor()14.Those_madenomistakesintodaysexercisespleaseraiseyourhands.A.whichB.whomC.thatD.who()15.Dontgoin,thisistheshop_wehavejustbeen_.A./,toB.that,/C.where,toD.which,there()16.Heisthemostcarefulboy_Iknow.A.whatB.whichC.asD./()17.Thisistheschool_Mr.Smithoncetaught.A.inthatB.whenC.whereD.there ()18.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_thefamousscientistwasborn?A.whereB.inthatC.thatD.which()19.Thefactory_Mr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which()20.Doyoustillremembertheday_wefirstmet?A.thatB.whenC.whatD.onthat()21.Thetime_westudiedtogetherisnoteasilyforgotten.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.inwhich()22.October1,1949istheday_wellneverforget.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.inwhich()23.October1,1949wastheday_thePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.inwhich()24.Isthistheshop_sellschildrensclothing?A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.what()25.Isthismuseum_theyvisitedlastmonth?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.theone()26.Istillrememberthesitting-room_mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1Thefilmisinteresting.Theysawitlastnight._2Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydontworkhard._3Theladyisourteacher.Yousawherjustnow._4Iwasreadingabook.Thebookisaboutaboy._5HeistheyoungwriterHewrotethebook_6IlikeChineseteawithnothinginit.IlikeChinesetea_nothinginit7ThegirlwhoiswearingtheredcoatisverycleverThegirl_theredcoatisveryclever8ThestrangethingwiththreelegswasusedfordrinkinglongbeforeThestrangething_threelegswasusedfordrinkinglongbefore參考答案答案：1.that2.that3.where4.where5.when6.which/that8.which9.that10.whose11.whose一單項(xiàng)選擇定語(yǔ)從句15ACABA610BCCAD1115CBDDA1620DCABB2126BBBADD二在下列定語(yǔ)從句中，用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1.with2.through3.from4.by5.of6.under7.without8.to9.in10.at11.on12.on13.of14.against15.of I.單項(xiàng)填空。 1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father? -Yes, hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _I can swim? A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day? A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees