大腦結(jié)構(gòu)解剖圖.ppt

TheTelencephalon 山東大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院解剖教研室李振華 Externalfeature Thetelencephalonconsistsofrightandleftcerebralhemisphere partiallyseparatedbycerebrallongitudinalfissure ThecerebraltransversefissureintervenesbetweenthehemispheresandthecerebellumEachhemispherehasthreesurfaces superolateral medialandinferior ThreeprincipalsulciCentralsulcus中央溝Lateralsulcus外側(cè)溝Parietooccipitalsulcus頂枕溝 Centralsulcus Lateralsulcus Parietooccipitalsulcus FivelobesFrontallobe額葉Parietallobe頂葉Temporallobe顳葉Occipitallobe枕葉Insularlobe島葉 Frontallobe Parietallobe Occipitallobe Temporallobe Insularlobe SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface Frontallobe Precentralsulcus中央前溝Superiorfrontalsulcus額上溝Inferiorfrontalsulcus額下溝Precentralgyrus中央前回Superiorfrontalgyrus額上回Middlefrontalgyrus額中回Inferiorfrontalgyrus額下回 SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface Precentralsulcus Precentralgyrus Superiorfrontalsulcus Inferiorfrontalsulcus Superior middleandinferioefrontalgyri Parietallobe Postcentralsulcus中央后溝Postcentralgyrus中央后回Intraparietalsulcus頂內(nèi)溝Superiorparietallobule頂上小葉Inferiorparietallobule頂下小葉Supramarginalgyrus緣上回Angulargyrus角回 SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface Postcentralsulcus Postcentralgyrus Superiorparietallobule Supramarginalgyrus Angulargyrus Intraparietalsulcus Temporallobe Superiortemporalsulcus顳上溝Inferiortemporalsulcus顳下溝Superiortemporalgyrus顳上回Middletemporalgyrus顳中回Inferiortemporalgyrus顳下回Transversetemporalgyri顳橫回 SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface Superiortemporalsulcus Inferiortemporalsulcus Superiortemporalgyrus Middletemporalgyrus Inferiortemporalgyrus Transversetemporalgyri SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface Precentralsulcus Precentralgyrus Superiorfrontalsulcus Inferiorfrontalsulcus Superior middleandinferioefrontalgyri Postcentralsulcus Postcentralgyrus Superiorparietallobule Supramarginalgyrus Angulargyrus Superiortemporalsulcus Inferiortemporalsulcus Superiortemporalgyrus Middletemporalgyrus Inferiortemporalgyrus Sulciandgyriofmedialsurface Corpuscallosum胼胝體Callosalsulcus胼胝體溝Cingulatesulcus扣帶溝Cingulategyrus扣帶回Marginalramus緣支Paracentrallobule中央旁小葉Calcarinesulcus距狀溝Cuneus楔葉Lingualgyrus舌回 Sulciandgyriofmedialsurface Corpuscallosum Callosalsulcus cingulategyrus Cingulatesulcus Marginalramus Paracentrallobule Calcarinesulcus Cuneus Parietooccipitalsulcus Lingualgyrus Sulciandgyriofinferiorsurface Olfactorybulb嗅球Olfactorytract嗅束Olfactorytrigone嗅三角Anteriorperforatedsubstance前穿質(zhì)Collateralsulcus側(cè)副溝Occipitotemporalsulcus枕顳溝Medialoccipitotemporalgyrus枕顳內(nèi)側(cè)回Lateraloccipitotemporalgyrus枕顳外側(cè)回Hippocampalsulcus海馬溝Parahippocampalgyrus海馬旁回Uncus鉤Hippocampus海馬Dentategyrus齒狀回 Hippocampalformation海馬結(jié)構(gòu) Inferiorsurface Olfactorybulb Olfactorytract Olfactorytrigone Anteriorperforatedsubstance Collateralsulcus Occipitotemporalsulcus Medialandlateraloccipitotemporalgyri Parahippocampalgyrus Uncus Hippocampus Dentategyrus Hippocampalformation Histologyofthecerebralcortex Archicortex原皮質(zhì) hippocampalformation海馬結(jié)構(gòu) Paleocortex古皮質(zhì) rhinencephalon嗅腦 Neocortex新皮質(zhì) mostofcerebralcortex 3celllayers 6celllayers Functionallocationofcerebralcortex Firstsomaticmotorarea第一軀體運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū) Position locatedinprecentralgyrusandanteriorportionofparacentrallobule Firstsomaticmotorarea第一軀體運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū) CharactersRepresentationisinverted butheadandfaceareuprightAbodypartisrepresentedbyacorticalareaproportionaltoitsuseratherthanitssizeReceivingfibersfrompostcentralgyrus VA VLandVPL sendingoutfiberstoformpyramidaltract controllingvoluntarymovements Firstsomaticsensoryarea第一軀體感覺(jué)區(qū) Position liesinpostcentralgyrusandposteriorportionofparacentrallobule Firstsomaticsensoryarea第一軀體感覺(jué)區(qū) CharactersSensoryrepresentation likemotorarea iscrossedandinvertedReceivingandinterpretsensationfromoppositesideofbody Auditoryarea聽(tīng)區(qū) LocatedintransversetemporalgyriReceiveauditoryinformationfrombothears Visualarea視區(qū) LieoneithersideofcalcarinesulcusinmedialsurfaceofoccipitallobeVisualcortexofonehemispherereceivesimpressionfromtemporalpartofretinaofsamesideandnasalpartofoppositesideLesionsofvisualcortexproducecontralateralhomonymousvisualfielddefections Vestibulararea平衡覺(jué)區(qū) locatedinfrontofsuperiortemporalgyrusOlfactoryarea嗅覺(jué)區(qū) locatedneartheuncusTastearea味覺(jué)區(qū) locatedatfrontaloperculum Languagearea語(yǔ)言中樞 Itisdominantinlefthemisphereinright handedpersonMotorspeecharea運(yùn)動(dòng)性語(yǔ)言中樞LocatedinposteriorportionofinferiorfrontalgyrusDamage motoraphasiaWritingarea書(shū)寫(xiě)中樞LocatedinposteriorportionofmiddlefrontalgyrusDamage agraphiaAuditoryspeecharea聽(tīng)覺(jué)性語(yǔ)言中樞LocatedinposteriorportionofsuperiortemporalgyrusLesion sensoryaphasiaVisualspeecharea視覺(jué)性語(yǔ)言中樞LocatedinangulargyrusLesion alexia Lateralventricle側(cè)腦室Position locatedincerebralhemispheresFourpartsCentralpart liesinparietallobeAnteriorhorn extendsintofrontallobePosteriorhornextendintooccipitallobeInferiorhorn extendintotemporallobe Internalstructures Communicationlateralventricle interventricularforamen thirdventricle Basalnuclei基底核 Corpusstriatum紋狀體Lentiformnucleus豆?fàn)詈薈audatenucleus尾狀核Claustrum屏狀核Amygdaloidbody杏仁體 Globuspallidus蒼白球 putamen殼 Neostriatum新紋狀體 paleostriatum舊紋狀體 Whitematter Associationfibers聯(lián)絡(luò)纖維RunbetweengyriwithinthesamehemisphereCerebralarcuatefibers大腦弓狀纖維Superiorlongitudinalfasciculi上縱束Inferiorlongitudinalfasciculi下縱束Uncinatefasciculus鉤束Cingulum扣帶 Commissuralfibers連合纖維 runbetweenleftandrighthemisphereCorpuscallosum胼胝體 rostrum genu trunk spleniumAnteriorcommissure前連合Fornixandcommissureoffornix穹隆和穹隆連合 Projectionfibers投射纖維 connectcortexwithlowerpartofbrainandspinalcordandtheyincludebothascendinganddescendingfibersInternalcapsulePosition athicklaminaofwhitematterlyingbetweencaudatenucleus thalamusandlentiformnucleus ThreepartsAnteriorlimbofinternalcapsule內(nèi)囊前肢LiesbetweencaudatenucleusandlentiformnucleusContainingfrontopontinetractandanteriorthalamicradiationGenuofinternalcapsule內(nèi)囊膝IsangleatwhichanteriorandposteriorlimbsmeetContainingcorticonucleartractPosteriorlimbofinternalcapsule內(nèi)囊后肢LiesbetweenthalamusandlentiformnucleusContaincorticospinaltract corticorubraltract centralthalamicradiation parieto occipito temporo pontinetract acousticradiationandopticradiation Anteriorthalamicradiation Fr