江蘇省句容市后白中學(xué)中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí) 主謂一致 牛津版.doc

江蘇省句容市后白中學(xué)中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí) 主謂一致 牛津版【要點(diǎn)提示】所謂主謂一致，主要是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在“人稱”和“數(shù)”上的一致，其基本原則有三個(gè)：語(yǔ)法一致原則、意義一致原則和鄰近原則。下面就初中階段需要掌握的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容作一歸納。1. 主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，即使后面跟with， except， as well as等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。例如：mr green with two students is standing outside the classroom.2. each以及由every, some, any, no等構(gòu)成的不定代詞在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。例如：each of the children has an apple. everything begins to grow fast in spring.3. 動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）、v-ing形式（短語(yǔ)）等在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。例如：to do is much more difficult than to say. climbing hills is his hobby.4. 表示時(shí)間、金錢(qián)、長(zhǎng)度等的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)表示整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。例如：three years has already passed.5. “one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 / 代詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：one of the students was hurt in the accident.6. family， class， police等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)表示整體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若表示具體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：his family is moving next month. his family enjoy watching the football match.但是people一詞在表示“人”時(shí)，總是表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：look! three american people are playing with the dog.7. 由and連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但如果表示的是一種事物或一個(gè)概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式。例如：his mother and his sister are good at dancing. the teacher and writer is the twins father.8. “some / all / half / most / the rest / 分?jǐn)?shù)等 + of + 名詞 / 代詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于of 后的名詞或代詞的數(shù)。例如：half of the milk was polluted. the rest of the doctors are all from canada.9. what, who 等疑問(wèn)代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。但是，如果說(shuō)話人確信回答中要用復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)（尤其是問(wèn)句中的某些詞語(yǔ)表明答句中要用復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)時(shí)），則可用動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：whats in the box? who have not received their postcards?10. “. pair(s) / kind(s) / sort(s)等 + of + 名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與pair(s) / kind(s) / sort(s)等保持一致。例如：this kind of book is interesting. these kinds of books are sold well.11. “none / neither / either + of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 / 代詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。例如：neither of them are / is welcome.12. either . or . / neither . nor . / . or . / not only . but also .等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般和與之靠近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，即采用鄰近原則。there be句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)也常采用該原則。例如：either you or he has to stay at home. has lucy or you called me?但是both . and .連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：both he and she are good at english.【專項(xiàng)練習(xí)】. 請(qǐng)從各題后所給的a、b、c、d四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案。( )1. do you live alone, mr chen?yes, _ of my children lives with me.a. neitherb. bothc. alld. nothing( )2. to me, fifty yuan _ enough.a. haveb. hasc. isd. are( )3. two thirds of the birds in the forest _ killed by people last year.a. wereb. wasc. has beend. had been( )4. tom with other boys _ to watch the game.a. wantb. wantsc. had wantedd. have wanted( )5. doing eye exercises every day _ good for your eyes.a. areb. isc. hasd. have( )6. his family _ all very kind and friendly.his family_ a happy one. a. are; isb. is; isc. are; ared. is; are ( )7. one of the books _ written by a policeman.a. was b. arec. were d. be( )8. either you or he _ the chance to drive to beijing.a. is b. arec. have d. has( )9. _ this pair of shoes your fathers?no. they _ my brothers.a. are; isb. are; arec. is; ared. is; is( )10. _ someone coming this evening?im not sure.a. was b. isc. ared. were. 下列各句帶下劃線部分中有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)找出并改正。1. the number of the students are 50._2. physics seem easy for him. _ 3. are there anything interesting in todays newspaper?_4. most of the water are c