外文翻譯=免耕播種機(jī)=外文翻譯

外文原文 No-tillage drill It is a significative mission for the persons majoring in agriculture mechanics to spread conservation agriculture, especially in the region adopting the double cropping mode. The culture condition in these areas gives some special problem to drill. For example, it is pressing to plant wheat as the follow course of maize; At that time the stalks cover is so heavy and the stalks are so flexile that the block is serious; The bushy maize root makes the earth surface too rough to drill in the no-tillage procedure; And seed bareness is familiar when adopting machines with gravity-root-broken mechanisms, etc. Presently, most native or foreign no-tillage drill can not finish the work smoothly. Designing and manufacturing row-controlled no-tillage wheat drill have been recited in this article based on the analysis and studies of the intention and principles of the conservation tillage. Nowadays the core problem is anti-blocking in the research and design of no-tillage planters domestic and abroad. Although many agricultural machine experts have made some progress, the anti-blocking problem is not solved in grain. Based on it, through classifying and analyzing the anti-blocking equipment used by no-tillage planters and its principle, contrasting their respective strongpoint and shortcoming, in the light of the mulching stalk property and the contrast of two kinds of cutting methods, the radical theory and general framework project of the sliding cutting type anti-blocking equipment are worked out. A new-concept of no-till wheat planter, named 2BMD-12 no-till row-follow wheat planter, had been developed by China Agricultural University to solve an extremely important problem which is zero tillage planting of wheat in narrow row spacing (150-200mm) between rows of very high-levels full length, standing maize stubble in one pass in the double cropping situation of North China. A powered rotary strip-chopping unit was placed forward of each single row of planter tines to ensure that the above-ground section of the planter tine is kept free from residue blockage. Field performance test of the machine demonstrated that it could be a good choice to work effectively for much of the time under more diffcult residue conditions than that most other planters could tolerate especially when it follows well between the standing maize stubble rows. But there are still some problems existing for the rotary strip-chopping unit, planting unit and ground wheels etc. The thesis focused on improving the design of the machine to solve these problems. (1)The strip-chopping axis was redesigned to reduce vibration and power consumption by adjusting the arrangement of the knives and on the basis of analyzing the forces on the axis. The improved machine can adapt to maize row spacing from 500mm to 700mm. (2)More improvements were done on the planning unit focusing on the blockage and depth control issues. A new anti-blockage mechanism, which combines the powered chopping and disc opener, was designed and tested. Fertilizer was applied using the narrow tine opener with chopping unit in front of each tine; while a double disc opener, which is proved to have high residue handling capacity, was installed right behind each tine to seed into the fertilizer furrow. This new design reduced the blockage between planting units. Meanwhile seeding depth of each row can be controlled separately by the ground feeling mechanism on each double-disc opener. So do the mode analysis in the finite element analysis software ANSYS and make appropriate remedy for the main frame and the main shaft. Get a compact firm steady model in the software interface. The block can be eliminated when the knives of pulverizes run through the abutted furrow opener stems. The problem of rough seeding bed is avoided in the use of row controlled method. It is more appropriate to the definition of conservative tillage for disturbing less soil. Seeding and fertilization can be finished in the single course in the field with average cover degree of 4kg/ . and all maize standing. It can save time, increase soil fertility, lessen the working procedure to use the drill. Finally, it will reduce the agriculture input. 外文資料翻譯譯文 免耕播種機(jī) 在我國(guó)廣大一年兩熟地區(qū)大力推廣保護(hù)性耕作是目前該地區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)工作者的重要任務(wù)之一，其意義深遠(yuǎn)。而一年兩 熟的耕作方式卻給免耕播種帶來(lái)了若干問(wèn)題，如玉米收獲后播種小麥工作的農(nóng)時(shí)緊張，此時(shí)由于秸稈和雜草的覆蓋量大且韌性強(qiáng)，播種過(guò)程中容易造成擁堵 ;玉米根茬發(fā)達(dá)致使耕作阻力大 ;采用單圓盤式開(kāi)溝器的機(jī)具又會(huì)出現(xiàn)晾種現(xiàn)象等。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外的多種小麥免耕播種機(jī)都不能很好的適應(yīng)我國(guó)一年兩熟耕作制度的需要。在認(rèn)真體會(huì)保護(hù)性耕作技術(shù)的原理與要求后，針對(duì)以上諸多問(wèn)題，設(shè)計(jì)制造適用于我國(guó)一年兩熟地區(qū)的小麥對(duì)行免耕播種機(jī)。 目前，國(guó)內(nèi)外免耕播種機(jī)研制中存在的核心問(wèn)題是免耕播種機(jī)的清草排堵問(wèn)題。盡管國(guó)內(nèi)外農(nóng)機(jī)專家在免耕播種機(jī)的研制中取得了一 定的成績(jī)，已應(yīng)用的排堵方法和防堵裝置類型各異，但都未從根本上解決這一問(wèn)題。通過(guò)對(duì)以往國(guó)內(nèi)外免耕播種機(jī)所采用的防堵裝置及其工作原理的分類和分析，對(duì)比了它們各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，結(jié)合免耕地覆蓋秸稈的生物力學(xué)特性和切割方式的對(duì)比分析，在此基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)想出了滑切式清草排堵裝置的基本原理和總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方案。 針對(duì)一年兩熟地區(qū)夏玉米整稈覆蓋下免耕直播冬小麥播種機(jī)易產(chǎn)生堵塞這一難題，中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)提出了對(duì)行播種思路，研制了 2BMD-12 型小麥對(duì)行免耕施肥播種機(jī)。該機(jī)通過(guò)粉碎刀軸打碎玉米秸稈和田間雜草，在玉米行間播種小麥，為解決堵塞問(wèn)題 提供了一種可行方案。 田間試驗(yàn)表明，該機(jī)還存在粉碎刀軸不可調(diào)、振動(dòng)大，播種機(jī)構(gòu)易奎堵，地輪滑移率大等問(wèn)題，需進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)完善。本文針對(duì)這些技術(shù)問(wèn)題對(duì)該機(jī)進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)研究 : (1)通過(guò)刀座的合理排列及對(duì)刀軸的強(qiáng)度校核與振動(dòng)分析，改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)了可調(diào)粉碎刀軸。刀座采用類似雙螺旋線排列，從理論上保證了動(dòng)平衡，通過(guò)調(diào)整粉碎刀軸的刀片在刀座上的位置，播種機(jī)能滿足 550 - 700mm 行距 ; (2)對(duì)播種機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)，設(shè)計(jì)了動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)粉碎刀軸與圓盤開(kāi)溝器組合的防堵機(jī)構(gòu)。采用短翼尖角開(kāi)溝器破茬開(kāi)溝并施肥，緊隨其后的圓盤開(kāi)溝器在 肥溝上開(kāi)溝播種，動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)粉碎刀軸在尖角開(kāi)溝器前排堵，有效地解決了原樣機(jī)相鄰兩組種管之間的奎堵問(wèn)題 :設(shè)計(jì)了單圓盤和雙圓盤兩種播種單體，通過(guò)田間防堵性能試驗(yàn)選擇了雙圓盤播種單體 ;施肥開(kāi)溝器為整體仿形，而雙圓盤播種鎮(zhèn)壓?jiǎn)误w采用平行四連桿單體仿形，能夠有效控制播種深度，播深一致性好。 在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中對(duì)機(jī)架和主軸在有限元分析軟件 ANSYS 環(huán)境下進(jìn)行