形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則1.doc

形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則形容詞級(jí)的變化規(guī)律和級(jí)的用法: 一、形容詞級(jí)的變化： 1、規(guī)律變化： 單音詞的變化：（四條） 一般情況： +er(比較級(jí)) +est(最高級(jí)) eg :quiet-quieter-the quietest bright-brighter-the brightest 明亮/聰明的 dear-dearest-the dearest clever-cleverer-the cleverest 詞末為-e（不發(fā)音）+ r -+st eg:fine-finer-the finest nice-nicer-the nicest cute-cuter-the cutest close-closer-the closest white-whiter-the whitest large-larger-the largest free-freer-freest(特殊) 重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的： 雙寫(xiě)輔音字母+er-雙寫(xiě)輔音字母+est eg:hot-hotter-the hottest big -bigger-the biggest red-redder-the reddest wet-wetter-the wettest sad-sadder-the saddest fat-fatter-the fattest thin-thinner-the thinnest fit-fitter-fittest 少數(shù)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié) 原根詞： 變y為i+er 變y為i+est 形容詞和副詞用法比較形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞在語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)中主要用于比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。形容詞和副詞的構(gòu)成形式基本上一樣，它們的形式與單音節(jié)、雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)有關(guān)，當(dāng)然還有其特殊形式。形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的基本用法分為同級(jí)比較、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)三種形式。但這三種形式都有它們特殊的表達(dá)方式以及它們的慣用法。對(duì)以下要點(diǎn)大家須一一掌握。 第一節(jié) 形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的形式 一、形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成 形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化形式規(guī)則如下 構(gòu) 成 法 原 級(jí) 比 較 級(jí) 最 高 級(jí) 一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加er 和 est strong stronger strongest 單音節(jié)詞如果以e結(jié)尾，只加r 和st strange stranger strangest 閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞如末尾只有 一個(gè)輔音字母， 須先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再加er和est sad big hot sadder bigger hotter saddest biggest hottest 少數(shù)以y,er(或ure),ow,ble結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞， 末尾加er和est(以y結(jié)尾的詞，如y前是輔音字母， 把y變成i，再加er和est，以e結(jié)尾的詞仍 只加r和st) angry clever narrow noble angrier cleverer narrower nobler angrest cleverest narrowest noblest 其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞都在前面加單詞more和most different more different most different 1) The most high A mountain in B the world is Mount Everest， which is situated C in Nepal and is twentynine thousand one hundred and fourty one feet high D . 2) This house is spaciouser A than that B white C one I bought in Rapid City， South Dakota D last year. 3) Research in the social A sciences often proves difficulter B than similar C work in the physical D sciences. 二、形容詞比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)的特殊形式： 1. 三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上音節(jié)的形容詞只能加more和most 只能說(shuō) more beautiful而不能說(shuō)beautifuller; 只能說(shuō)the most beautiful而不能說(shuō)beautifullest。 但是，以形容前綴un結(jié)尾的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況，如unhappy,untidy，我們可以說(shuō)：unhappierunhappiest, untidieruntidiest 2. 由ING分詞和ED分詞演變過(guò)來(lái)的形容詞(包括不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞如knowknown)只能加more或most來(lái)表示它們的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn等。 4) The drawings A of the old masters B are among the treasuredest C works in museums D . 3. 英語(yǔ)里有些形容詞由于其詞義而不可能有比較級(jí)形式 absolute fatal main right universal chief final naked simulta- utter entire foremost perfect neous vital eternalinevitablepossiblesufficientwhole excellent infinite primary supreme wooden 三、不規(guī)則形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式 good well betterbest bad illworseworst many much moremost little few lessleast far fartherfarthest furtherfurthest 5) African elephants are larger， fiercer， and difficulter A to tame B than C Asian elephants D . 6) Sarah Hale became A one of the famousest B magazine C editors in the United States during D the 1800s. 7) Of all A the Native American tribes B ， the Shawnee Indians were C a most D transient. 四、例題解析 1) A錯(cuò)。應(yīng)將“most high”改為highest。這是在考形容詞比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成形式。 2) A錯(cuò)。改為more spacious。 3) B錯(cuò)。 改為more difficult。 4) C錯(cuò)。 treasured 在本句中是ED分詞(動(dòng)詞treasure ed)作形容詞使用，是“寶貴的、珍貴的”意思，修飾名詞 works(作品)，其最高級(jí)形式應(yīng)用 the most treasured。 5) A錯(cuò)，改為more difficult。 6) B錯(cuò)。改為“the most famous”，因?yàn)閒amous(著名的)是雙音節(jié)，其最高級(jí)變化應(yīng)在前面加“the most”。 7) D錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為“the most”，因?yàn)榇颂幈硎镜氖亲罡呒?jí)，“the most transient”意為“(延續(xù)時(shí)間)最短暫的”。 第二節(jié) 副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的形式 副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化形式與形容詞基本上一樣 一般 副詞 hardharder hardest fastfaster fastest latelater latest earlyearlier earliest 特殊 副詞 well better best much more most badly worse worst little less least 但是，開(kāi)放類副詞即以后綴ly結(jié)尾的副詞不能像形容詞那樣加er或est，如 quickly more quickly most quickly quietly more quietly most quietly 注： early中的ly不是后綴，故可以把y變i再加er和est 第三節(jié) 形容詞與副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的基本用法 一、原級(jí)比較的基本用法 1. 原級(jí)比較由“as形容詞或副詞(或再加名詞或短語(yǔ))as ”構(gòu)成“原級(jí)相同”比較句，表示兩者比較；其否定式，即“程度不及”比較句型為“not so(as) 形容詞或副詞as”，而且asas結(jié)構(gòu)前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的詞修飾 1) Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as . A to run for fifteen minutes B running for fifteen minutes C you run for fifteen minutes D fifteenminute walking 2) The gorilla(大猩猩)， while A not quite as curious than B the chimpanzee(黑猩猩)， shows more persistence C and memory retention(記憶力) in solving D a problem. 3) Alaska is twice A as larger B as C the next largest D state， Texas. 2. “as (so)名詞as名詞”進(jìn)行名詞比較，這時(shí)一般情況下有一個(gè)表示原級(jí)的比較詞，但如果第一名詞前出現(xiàn)了形容詞修飾該詞或出現(xiàn)副詞修飾謂語(yǔ)，應(yīng)當(dāng)用so而不用as 4) Thomas Jeffersons achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician. A such B more C as D than 5) I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter. (88年考題) A that B so C this D as 二、比較級(jí) 1. 比較級(jí)由“形容詞(副詞)比較級(jí)than，”構(gòu)成表示在兩者中間一方比另一方“更加”。連詞than后可接句子，也可接名詞、代詞、名詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、ING結(jié)構(gòu)和ED結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)也可省去than。 6) Natural mica(云母) of A a superior B quality is cheapest C to obtain than synthetic D mica. 7) She is older than . A any other girl in the group B any girl in the group C all girls in the group D you and me as well as the group 8) Josephine McCrackin joined A the “Santa Cruz Sentinel” in 1905 and， until her death fifteen years late B ， remained C active in journalistic D work. 2. 注意than前后兩項(xiàng)相比較的人或事物要一致 9) The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than . A ours B with us C for ours it had D it did for us 10) Sound travels air. A faster through water than through B faster than through water and C through water faster andD where it is faster through water than through 11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout， one of Rembrands pupils， followed A the style of his teacher so implicitly that B his paintings C are sometimes confused with his master D . 三、最高級(jí) 1. 最高級(jí)用于三者以上比較，形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是“定冠詞形容詞最高級(jí)名詞表示范圍的短語(yǔ)或從句”(如all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place等) 12) The more A fearsome of all the B animals in C the Western D Hemisphere is the grizzly bear. 13) Of all economic A problems， inflation continues to be B a C most significant in its daily impact on D people and business. 14) ， the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction. A All the activities B The activities C Of all the activities D It is the activities 2. 副詞的最高級(jí)與形容詞最高級(jí)的區(qū)別在于最高級(jí)前沒(méi)有定冠詞the 四、例題解析 1) B為正確答案。 2) B錯(cuò)。改為 as ，和前面的as和形容詞原形curious 一起構(gòu)成同程度比較。 3) B錯(cuò)。 改為as large。 4) C對(duì)。動(dòng)詞rival(勝過(guò)、匹敵)前后是兩個(gè)相比較的成分achievements(成果)和 contributions(貢獻(xiàn))，由于前面的名詞后出現(xiàn)了短語(yǔ) as an architect，故空白處也應(yīng)用as，使前后對(duì)比成分一致。 5) B為正確答案。 6) C錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為比較級(jí)cheaper。比較級(jí)后并不一定跟接連詞than，有時(shí)在其間有名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)(被形容詞所修飾)，介詞短語(yǔ)，不定式或其他成分隔開(kāi)。 7) A為正確答案?！癝he”作為單個(gè)不能跟全組比(C和D不對(duì))，也不能跟全組所有相比，因?yàn)椤八币彩瞧渲幸粏T，自然“她”不能跟自己相比。這里“She”比較的是“這組中的任何一個(gè)”，所以A對(duì)。 8) B錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為比較級(jí)later，因此處實(shí)為與1905年相比晚15年，故應(yīng)使用比較級(jí)。 9) D為正確答案。 10) A為正確答案。 11) D錯(cuò)。 改為his masters。 12) A錯(cuò)。 改為most。 13) C錯(cuò)。改為the， significant是多音節(jié)形容詞，在此處應(yīng)用最高級(jí)形式(在前面加 the most)，注意句中的“of all ”。 14) C為正確答案。本句空白處缺狀語(yǔ)，A和B全為名詞短語(yǔ)，不符合條件；D為句子，和空白后面的句子沒(méi)有任何聯(lián)系，故亦應(yīng)排除。只有C正確，和后面的最高級(jí)the most familiar前后呼應(yīng)。 第四節(jié) 形容詞和副詞的特殊表達(dá)法 一、形容詞與副詞的同級(jí)比較： 由“as(so)as”引出，其否定式為“not so”或“not asas”,考生還應(yīng)注意下列含有“as”結(jié)構(gòu)或短語(yǔ)的句子 1. as such：表示上文所指明的事或人 He is a child,and must be treated as such. 他是個(gè)孩子，必須被當(dāng)作孩子對(duì)待。 2. as much：表示“與同量” Take as much as you like. 拿多少都行。 I would gladly have paid twice as much for it. 就是價(jià)格再貴一倍，我也會(huì)愿意把它買(mǎi)下的。 He as much as admitted the whole story. 他幾乎全部承認(rèn)了。 3. as many：表示“與一樣多” I found six mistakes in as many lines. 我在六行中發(fā)現(xiàn)了六個(gè)錯(cuò)。 二、表示“幾倍于”的比較級(jí)：用twice (兩倍)，four times (四倍)，ten times (十倍)加上as as 結(jié)構(gòu) This one is four times as big as that one. 這個(gè)是那個(gè)的四倍大。(這個(gè)比那個(gè)大三倍。) / Our campus is three times as large as yours. 我們的校園比你們的大兩倍。 / He has books twice as many as she does. 他的書(shū)比她多一倍。 1) The fiveyear deal obligates A the country to buy nine million tons B of grain a year C ， three million more as D the old pacts minimum. 三、“the same 名詞as”表示同等比較 2) The lens of a camera performs the lens of the eye. A in the same function B the same function as C the function is the same as D and has the same function 3) The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have as the amount of money borrowed. A as the same value B the same value C value as the same D the value is the same 四、比較級(jí)前可用a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot,many, much等詞語(yǔ)表示不定量，far, completely,still表示程度或更進(jìn)一步 4) There are now methods for studying color vision in infants than there once were. A more sophisticated than B much more sophisticated C much sophisticated D sophisticated 5) The photographs of Mars taken by satellite are than those taken from the Earth. A clearest B the clearest C much clearer D more clearer 6) Common porpoises(海豚) are usually not considered A migratory， although B some do move C to more warmer D waters in winter. 兼有兩種形式的副詞 1) close與closely close意思是近； closely 意思是仔細(xì)地 He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. 2) late 與lately late意思是晚； lately 意思是最近 You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? 3) deep與deeply deep意思是深，表示空間深度；deeply時(shí)常表示