實(shí)用英語第一冊教案.doc

Unit 1Text A CollegeA New ExperiencIntroduction and outline 1 Introductory questions Is your college life the same as you expected? What came into your mind when you became a college student? Are people around you at college nice and friendly to you? 2 Introductory remarks college is a place many young people are longing for. They are fond of college life for different reasons. In this passage, the author gives us her reasons why she likes college. 3 Outline para.1:Brings up the main idea of the article :Being on my own,talking with friendly people,and having Fridays off these are just some things Ilike about college. Para.2:Living at college gives me a sense of responsibility of being on my own. Para.3:Friendly peoplePara.4:Ilove having Fridays offPara.5:ConclusionNew words and phrasesadjust to: to get used to by changing behavior or ideas e.g. We must adjust ourselves to the new situation.我們必須適應(yīng)新的形勢。 The body adjusts itself to changes in temperature.（人的）身體自身能適應(yīng)氣溫的 變化.handle:control;deal with eg My secretary will handle all the details. handle的用法： e.g. handle a machine開機(jī)器，這里handle的意思是操縱，駕馭 Wash your hands before handling your plates. 洗手后再拿盤子。此句中“handle”指的是“觸，摸，拿”。 Shes very good at handling difficult customers. 她很善于（很會(huì)）對待不同的顧客。 “handle”這兒是“cope with”的意思。 handle還有另一種意思是表示“經(jīng)營，買賣” e.g. This shop handles paper and stationery. 這家商店經(jīng)營文具和紙張account: 1. 帳戶，帳目 eg Have you got a bank accunt?open the account 2.a written or spoken description of an event eg She gave a vivid account of her recent visit to China at the meeting yesterday. 3. 同account一起構(gòu)成的習(xí)語有： take in account 考慮，重視 settle accounts with 與某人結(jié)清帳目，喻算帳account for （1）說出錢的用途 （2）說明（原因等）（3）（指數(shù)量等）占 e.g. account to sb. for the expenditure 向某人匯報(bào)開支 That accounts for delay of the train . 那就是火車晚點(diǎn)的原因。 The students with high marks of over 80 accounts for the overwhellming majority in this English exam. 在這次英語考試中，八十分以上的學(xué)生占多數(shù)。 Grammatical structure 1Being on my own, talking with friendly people, and having Fridays off三個(gè)平行的分詞短語獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)就，排比句的修辭手法。(be)on ones way:be independent eg We are expected to solve the problem on our own. 2be supposed to : should, must, be expected to 應(yīng)該，必須， 被期望 e.g. Who is supposed to look after the room? You are supposed to be responsible for them? 3Thats where were going. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句 即：Thats the place were going to. 英語中特有的一種強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型是：It is/was+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子其他成分。 e.g. It is he who will be taught by me. It is from the orange that we can get vitamin C. Detailed study of the text 1so I have many things to adjust to (para. 1) I have something to do: 此句型屬動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，不定式作名詞或代詞的修飾語。 e.g. Mary needs a friend to play with. There was really nothing to fear. 2These are just some things I like about college.(para.1) “some”“一些”多用在肯定句中，否定句和疑問句中則用 “any”，此句中的some 作定語。 e.g. I have some questions. 我有一些問題。 Is there any ink in your pen? 你的鋼筆里有墨水嗎？ “some”除了作“一些”講以外，還可以表示“某個(gè)”的意思。 e.g. I have read that in some magazine. 這個(gè)我在某一本雜志上讀過。 3. Everything I do has to be my decision, and that gives me the responsibility of handling my own life.(para. 2) 這是個(gè)并列句。在第一個(gè)句子中主語是everything, 謂語是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞has to +be 的結(jié)構(gòu)，my decision 作表語。主語和謂語之間的I do 主謂結(jié)構(gòu)作everything 的定語。在第二個(gè)句子中that 主語指代 的是第一個(gè)句子的全部內(nèi)容。及物動(dòng)詞give 作謂語。后面表示人稱的me 作間接賓語，responsibility 作直接賓語。 4情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must 與have to 的用法和比較： must與 have to 均可表示必須，不同的是must 表示說話人的主觀看法。have to 表示客觀需要。 e.g. I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. 我不喜歡這臺電視，我們必須買臺新的。 This TV set doesnt work. We have to buy a new one. 這臺電視機(jī)壞了，我們得買臺新的。 應(yīng)注意：must 只有現(xiàn)在形式，要表示過去或?qū)頃r(shí)間里的“必須”就要借助于 have to的某種形式。 e.g. We had to buy a new one. (had表示過去式) We will have to buy a new one. (will have表示將來式) 5Before that I looked in the phone book since I had no clue about any banks around here or where they were located. (para.2) 首先從課文的上下結(jié)構(gòu)中明白Before that中“that”指的是什么？since連詞表示原因，引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)原因壯語從句。 I had no clue = I had no any idea. where they were located. “they” 表示banks。這句話就等于：or the place where the banks were situated. be locate in/by/near:是個(gè)固定搭配，表示“坐落于，位于” e.g. The school is located out of the center of this city. 這所學(xué)校沒有坐落在市中心。 The village is located at the foot of the Western Hill. 這個(gè)村子位于西山腳下。 The factory is located near the river. 這家工廠設(shè)置在河邊。 “l(fā)ocate” 作及物動(dòng)詞，還可用主動(dòng)語態(tài)： The search-light promptly located the enemy plane. 探照燈立即找到了敵機(jī)。 Locate the position of the enemy. 探出敵人的陣地。 6I went to the bank and made decisions for myself-whether to have a checking or savings account and whether or not to get a MASTER card.(para.2) 此句乍一看很長，似乎不容易搞清楚它的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。我們可以先分析一下破折號前的簡單句：I went to the bank 和made decisions for myself 是兩個(gè)簡單句的并列。在第二個(gè)簡單句中省略了主語。破折號后面是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to have和not to get這兩個(gè)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)是連詞 whetheror，whetheror not連接的，用來作名詞decisions 的修飾語。 關(guān)于在銀行開帳戶，通常包括： checking account （支票存款帳戶，活期存款帳戶） deposit account （定期存款帳戶） savings account （儲蓄存款帳戶） 7whether（conj.）的用法：whether一般用來表示猶疑兩可，包含正反兩面的問題。 （1）引導(dǎo)主語從句： Whether you speak at the meeting matters very much. 你在這次會(huì)上發(fā)不發(fā)言關(guān)系重大。 （2）引導(dǎo)賓語從句： The Gang of Four did not care whether the people were starving. “四人幫”并不管人民是否挨餓。 （3）在不定式之前： I havent made up my mind whether to learn English or to learn French. 是學(xué)英語還是法語，我還沒決定。 （4）在介詞后： In most part of our courtry agriculture still depends on whether there is enough timely rain. 在我國大部分地區(qū)，農(nóng)業(yè)的收成依然取決于雨水是否充足，及時(shí)。 （5）在名詞之后： Few surgeons can answer the question whether a person over ninety can survive a major operation. 年過九十在大手術(shù)之后能否殘存這一問題，很少有醫(yī)生能予以回答的。 （6）與 or not 同時(shí)用： Its difficult to say whether you can set a ticket or not. 你能不能得到一張票是很難說的。 8. That was one example of having reponsibility now that I am on my own and of making my own decisions.(para.2) That was one example that，example與that clause之間屬同位語從句of having responsibility 所有格和后面的動(dòng)名詞作example的定語。“now”時(shí)間副詞“現(xiàn)如今”。如果 now that 放在一起用，表示既然，說明的是一種新情況，意思是：as a consequence of the fact. e.g. You ought to write now that you know the address. 你既然知道地址就該寫信了。 Now that it has stopped raining,lets go at once. 現(xiàn)在既然不下雨了，我們立刻走吧。 9on ones own 獨(dú)立地 single-handed , all by oneself e.g. Do you believe that the 15-year-old girl has translated this English story into Chinese on her own? 這個(gè)十五歲的女孩子獨(dú)自將這篇英語小說譯成了漢語，你信嗎？ The old lady is now on her own in a small town. 這位老太太現(xiàn)如今獨(dú)自一人在小鎮(zhèn)生活 10The Appositive Clause 同位語從句 e.g. The police expressed the opinion that the girl was partly responsible for the act. 警察發(fā)表意見說：這個(gè)女孩對此行為要負(fù)一定的責(zé)任。 The idea that all college students must learn two foreign languages is ridiculous. 讓所有的大學(xué)生必須學(xué)兩門外語 的想法是荒謬。 注意：在英語學(xué)習(xí)中要能夠區(qū)別同位語和定語之間的差別，因?yàn)橥徽Z和定語從形式上看幾乎一樣，試區(qū)別： The news that Chinas womens volleyball team had won the world title soon spread all over the country. The news that spread all over the country is true. 第一個(gè)句子是同位語從句，由連詞that引導(dǎo)，that在從句中沒有語法功能。 第二個(gè)句子是定語從句，它由關(guān)系詞that 引導(dǎo)，而that在從句中有語法功能。 11My parents arent around to say. (para. 2 ) around 的用法：首先around有兩種拼寫方式，英國人多用round。around既可以作介詞又可以作副詞。在此句中around是介詞，表示在周圍，在身邊。 e.g. The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 There are many trees around the Kunming Lake. 昆明湖周圍有好多樹。 用作副詞的例子： e.g. The good news soon got around. 好消息很快就傳開了。 Another autumn harvest season has come around. 又一個(gè)秋收季節(jié)來到了。 12“ No you are not going out tonight.” (para. 2 ) out 和 in 是一對反義詞，表示出和進(jìn)。 e.g. May I come in? 我可以進(jìn)來嗎？ Xiao Hong is out. 小紅出去了。 in and out 進(jìn)進(jìn)出出 除此之外還有許多由and和in構(gòu)成的介詞短語。 e.g. A friend in need is a friend indeed.患難朋友才是真朋友。 in need (prep.+n. ) in front of the house ( in front of ) We have already been out of the trouble. (out of ) 我們已擺脫了麻煩。13I came to Marymount University there in Virginia from New York and -even though Id been here before-I was a bit confused about where I was going.(para. 3) 整個(gè)句子中用了兩個(gè)破折號，每個(gè)破折號后面都是一種層遞 的關(guān)系。第一個(gè)句子為簡單句，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語(I) + 謂語(came to ) +賓語(Marymount University) +地點(diǎn)狀語(there in Virginia).第二個(gè)句子是由even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。從句中的時(shí)態(tài) 是過去完成時(shí) ，主句中的謂語 是be confused這樣一個(gè)固定搭配。介詞about引導(dǎo)的以疑問詞 where 打頭的句子作介詞的賓語，整個(gè)about 結(jié)構(gòu)作句子的狀語。需要注意的是about后面 雖然是疑問詞，但后面的主謂不可顛倒，要用陳述句的語序。 14I was bit confused about where I was going.(para.3) I didnt know for sure where I was going. be confused about: not be clear, dont know exactly what to do. e.g. Im afraid Im a little confused about these things. 對這些事情我恐怕有些糊涂了。 Many people are confused about the new way of measuring temperature. 許多人對測試溫度的方法搞不大清楚。 15My mother drove in, not knowing the building we were supposed to go to, and the guard was especially nice ,with a smile, he told us what building we were looking for and where we could park our car. (para.3) 這是一個(gè)并列復(fù)合句 (Compound Complex Sentence) 。第一個(gè)句子 My mother drove in， “in” 表示進(jìn)去，這里是指開車進(jìn)入校園。 not knowing分詞短語作伴隨狀態(tài)，其中的 we were supposed to go to 作building的定語。and the guard was especially nice 這個(gè)句子（主+謂+表語）同My mother drove in 是并列的，后面的with a smile 為方式狀語，修飾后面的 he told us, us 后面的直接賓語是個(gè)從句，這個(gè)從句中又含有兩個(gè)并列的句子，一個(gè)是以疑問代詞 (what) 打頭的，一個(gè)是以疑問副詞 (where)打頭的。 what building we were looking for 在這個(gè)句子中, we 作主語，were looking for 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)作謂語。(what) building 作賓語?！氨Ｐl(wèi)人員告訴我們哪個(gè)是我們要找的大樓?！?where we could park our car. where 問的是地點(diǎn)，作狀語。could 是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can 的過去式，表示“能夠，能力”。保衛(wèi)人員告訴我們哪里可以停車。 park: 既可以作名詞又可以作動(dòng)詞。 n. 公園，停車場 e.g. This is a beautiful park! 這是個(gè)美麗漂亮的公園！ Im sorry, theres no any park here. 對不起，這兒沒有停車場。 v. 停放（車輛，飛機(jī)等） e.g. Can we park the car here? 我們可以在這兒停車嗎？ No Parking Here! 此處禁止停車！ parking meter（計(jì)算汽車停放時(shí)間的）停車計(jì)時(shí)器。 16. Even now I feel comfortable in the dorm because there are friendly people around to talk with. (para.3) 這是一個(gè)含原因狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句，feel comfortable中feel 作系動(dòng)詞 (link v.)。comfortable 作表語。in the dorm 介詞短語作狀語，dorm 是 dormitory 的簡寫形式。because后面是個(gè) there be的句型。 there are 作謂語 v. ，people 作主語。“around”在這里是個(gè)副詞作狀語。不定式 to talk with 作 people 的修飾語，people實(shí)際上就成了不定式的邏輯賓語。 e.g. There was a quarter of an hour to kill, so he walked down the river . 還有一刻鐘的空閑，于是他就向河邊走去。 There was really nothing to fear. 這真沒有什么可害怕的。 talk with: 與某人交談 talk to: 找某人談話，表示責(zé)備某人 e.g. We sat around and talked with each other on campus yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我們在校園里圍坐成一圈，相互交談著。 Ill have to talk to the boys. They didnt do the work well. 我得說說小伙子們，他們沒把工作干好。 17My room was on the first floor of New Gerard. (para.3) New Gerard 新吉拉德大樓 floor (1)指房間的地面 (2)指樓房的層 英美用該詞有以下區(qū)別： 英 國 美 國 basement 地下室 basement 地下室 ground floor 一樓 first floor 一樓 first floor 二樓 sencond floor 二樓 sencond floor 三樓 third floor 三樓 top floor 最高一層 top floor 最高一層 18“Are you a new student?”(para.3) new students 新學(xué)生 美國英語中大學(xué)一至四年級的學(xué)生是這樣表示的: 一年級： (新生) freshman 二年級：sophomore 三年級： junior student 四年級：senior student 19Finally to add to my likes of college I love having Fridays off.(para.4) to add to my likes of college 不定式獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作插入語. “add to” 動(dòng)詞詞組表示“增添，增加”，所以此句可譯為:最后,我再補(bǔ)充幾點(diǎn)我喜歡上大學(xué)的原因吧.我喜歡周五休息。 e.g. add to: Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night. 煙火使節(jié)日之夜更加生色。 Adjectives add to the meaning of nouns. 形容詞是修飾名詞的。 have day(s) off : off 與on相對，所以我們經(jīng)常說： Who is on duty today?今天誰值班（值日等）？ He is off duty.他今天休息。 20One Thursday night , my roommate and I and the people across the hall went to Georgetown. (para.4) 此句中有三個(gè)并列的主語(1) my roommate (2) I (3) the people 在第三個(gè)主語 people 后面有一個(gè)介詞短語 across the hall ,它用作定語修飾 people . across表示在對面. hall 在這兒指的是 dorm. Georgetown 喬治敦區(qū)(華盛頓市內(nèi)西部一住宅區(qū)) 21介詞 across 的用法: (1) 橫過：There is a new bridge across the river . 河上有座新橋。 The peoples policeman helped the old woman across street. 人民警察扶著老太太過了馬路。 (2) 在對面，在那一邊：The factory is across the river. 工廠在河的對面。 22We got in rather early the next morning, and my roomate (Juanita) and I decided to sleep in, something I couldnt do in high school. (para.4) “we got in rather early”, “we came back school quite early” , to sleep in 睡懶覺,不定式短語作decide的賓語.something 指得是 to sleep in, 即 To sleep in is something that I couldnt do in high school. sleep in: to sleep late in the morning 睡懶覺 e.g. We usually sleep in for a bit on Sundays. 星期天我們通常要睡會(huì)兒懶覺. He worked late and decided to sleep in the next morning . 他工作到很晚,決定明天睡個(gè)懶覺. high school 中學(xué)(A.E.),包括 a junior school (初中) 和a senior school (高中) 其它的表達(dá)法:preparatory school secondary school middle school 24I wouldnt be able to cope with five days of classes in a row. (para.4) (1)cope with : to deal with successfully; endure. e.g. You should learn how to cope with a complicated situation. 你應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)如何應(yīng)付復(fù)雜局面。 We try to cope with difficulties. 我們設(shè)法克服一切困難。 Poor families have to cope with a lot of strain. 窮人家要經(jīng)常面臨經(jīng)濟(jì)拮據(jù). (2)in a row: continuously without interruption e.g. He was elected president threes in a row. 他連任三屆總統(tǒng). We have had good harvests for ten years in a row. 我們連續(xù)十年獲得了豐收。 25Although I like college, I can still get homesick. (para.5) Although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，漢語中“雖然但是”是轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)該注意英漢在使用這一關(guān)聯(lián)詞時(shí)的區(qū)別，英語中如果前面用了Although，后面就不能再出現(xiàn)but。但句子中卻含有but 的意思，漢語則不然，它屬于一組關(guān)聯(lián)詞，缺一不可。 e.g. She went to work yesterday though he had a headache. 她昨天盡管頭痛，仍去上班了。 Although he was seriously wounded, he flatly refused to quit the battle line. 他雖然身負(fù)重傷，但堅(jiān)決不下火線。 Exercises1. Finish the afterreading task2. Be ready for the text BUnit 1Text B How to Study ReadIntroduction and outline 1 Introductory questions Do you like reading? Do you like taking notes while reading? Do you often review what you have just read? Why or why not?2. Introductory remarks As we all know, study reading is different from regular reading.One is expected to understanding and remember details and is usually tested on what he reads. Then, how can one study read? The text provides a four-step method.3. OutlinePara.1: Most students dont know how to read.Para.2:The fourstep method for study readingPara.3 PREP helps your grades go upGrammatical structure 1not.but用來連接兩個(gè)并列的句子成分，表示否定前者，肯定后者。 e.g. The mirror at that time was made not of glass, but of metal. 當(dāng)時(shí)的鏡子不是用玻璃做的，而是用金屬做的。 Not that I dont want to go, but that I have no time. 不是我不想去，而是我沒空。 2to be expected to do sth. : to be required to do it as duty or obligation 漢譯時(shí)一般用主動(dòng)式，意思是“預(yù)計(jì)”，“將要”，“應(yīng)該”，“希望”等。 e.g. These mines are expected to go into production next year. 這些礦預(yù)計(jì)明年可以投產(chǎn)。 You are expected to finish it in time. 望你能即時(shí)把它完成。 You are expected to be punctual. 希望你能準(zhǔn)時(shí)。 3in most cases, (you) will be tested on what you read. 此句中包含了 what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句.what從句又稱名詞性的從句。 e.g. What he said just now is right. 他剛才說的是對的。(主語從句) That is what he dislikes. 那是他不喜歡的。(表語從句) We dont know what the foreigners are talking about. (賓語從句) 我們不知道這些老外在談些什么？ Detailed study of the text1Most students dont know how to study read. (para.1) 在動(dòng)詞know 后面是帶疑問詞的不定式。how to study read 這一不定式短語作動(dòng)詞know 的賓語。這種帶疑問詞的不定式有：e.g. The question is where to get money for the project. 問題是我們到哪兒去為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目籌款。 where to get money 不定式短語在句中作表語。 We just didnt know what to do with it. 對這件事我們真的不知道該做些什么。 what to do with it 不定式短語在句中作賓語。 study read: used as a compound word, which means “to read in detail” (細(xì)讀，精讀，研究性閱讀 ) 2They usually open their textbooks to the assigned page and start reading .(para.1) assigned page: the apge they are asked to read 指定讀的那頁 start reading: 動(dòng)詞start后接的是動(dòng)名詞 reading。start后面既可接動(dòng)名詞，也可接不定式。請看下面的例句： (1)跟動(dòng)名詞（常說明動(dòng)作將持續(xù)下去） e.g. She started working at the mill at 13,just after liberation. 她十三歲時(shí)開始在工廠干活。 Soon she started calling me Big Sister. 不久她開始叫我大姐了。 (2)跟不定式（比較強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的開始） e.g. That winter they started to rebuild the dike. 那年冬天他們開始重建河堤。 Tomorrow I start to work. 明天我開始工作。 It was cold and starting to snow. 天很冷，開始下起雪來。 3assign與assignment的用法： assign由as（到）+sign（標(biāo)號）兩部分構(gòu)成，所以 assign 的意思就是：把標(biāo)在下；派遣在下。 e.g. (1)I assigned him to wash the plates. 我攤派他出去洗盤子。 The reporter was assigned to cover international news. 這記者被分配報(bào)道國際新聞。 (2)指定（時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)）等 Has a day been assigned fo