英語專四作文講解.doc

作文之寫作摸板-現(xiàn)象解釋說明/結(jié)果預(yù)測型 現(xiàn)象解釋說明/結(jié)果預(yù)測型這類題型往往是讓考生分析某個社會現(xiàn)象背后的原因，為什么會產(chǎn)生這種情況，帶有說明的性質(zhì)，這類題型還未在近年的真題中出現(xiàn)過，但是有以黑馬姿態(tài)出現(xiàn)的概率 ，也符合國際英語測試的潮流。或者也非常有可能是讓考生預(yù)測某個熱門社會現(xiàn)象可能產(chǎn)生的后果 ，甚至也會進一步讓考生提出一些建設(shè)性措施 。關(guān)鍵詞 ：the reasons of .the consequences of .the effective measures典型例題Nowadays more and more students choose to further their studies abroad, for example, in the USA or UK. What could be the possible reasons behind this social phenomenon?In the modern society, people depend on technology more and more, such as mobile phones and the Internet. What can be the possible consequences or impacts on peoples lives?解題思路考生要看清題目，是解釋原因，還是預(yù)測可能的結(jié)果，還是兩者都要覆蓋到。我們一般會在引言段交代時代背景，然后開門見山地談本文探討該現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生原因或?qū)е碌慕Y(jié)果 。常用模板引言段：Recently, . has been brought into focus. No where in history has the issue been more visible. In this essay, I aim to explore this complicated phenomenon from diverse perspectives, identify the relevant contributing factors and bring up some effective measures. (最后半句根據(jù)題 目需要取舍 ，看題 目中有沒有要求提出建議措施)主體段.：As far as I am concerned, an array of integrated factors contributes to the. The first role that should be blamed is. Another equally important factor lies in. Last but not least, .總結(jié)段：As a matter of fact, .gives rise to a host of problems, such as. Confronted with such a thorny issue, people come up with a variety of constructive countermeasures. Personally, the following is worth recommendation. （分析現(xiàn)象背后的原因的題目也往往會讓考生給出建設(shè)性措施，可參考此條 ）作文之寫作摸板-個人觀點表達型 這類題型要求考生就某一現(xiàn)象或觀點表明自己的看法，題目中往往會出現(xiàn)這樣的表達：My view on .My idea of .近十年來純粹的個人觀點表達型已不多見，一般都是給背景介紹和對立的觀點讓考生選擇 ，但是我們依然要未雨綢繆，做到有備無患。重要 的是理清思路，抓住重點，這樣才不至于在考試 中走得太遠 。典型真題(1992)My View on Reading Extensively(1993)My Idea of Becoming a Teacher in the Future 解題思路很多同一看到個人觀點表達型的文章就激動不已，文思如泉涌，還想進行分類討論 ，比如，1992年的題目，有的考生寫道，小時候要多讀書，廣泛地讀(reading extensively) ，到了本科或研究生階段就要術(shù)業(yè)有專攻(reading selectively) ；連具體的時間節(jié)點都安排好了。這對于考場中的“烤鴨”們來說是自找麻煩，一是時間不允許，二是專四的大作文都有要求 ，寫三段，You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state clearly what your view is. In the second part, support your view with appropriate reasons. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. 顯然沒有太多空間來作分類討論。其實這類題型和前面所述的觀點選擇型非常接近，無非就是yes or no。比如，要么，我覺得應(yīng)該廣泛地涉獵 、廣博地閱讀 ，優(yōu)勢有哪些 ，一二三羅列并擴展；要么，我的觀點是閱讀應(yīng)少而精， 有的放矢，不支持所給觀點，reading extensively的弊端在哪里，擺事實講道理?？傊?，不要模棱兩可 ，要有明確的觀點。只要有理可講、論述合理 ，都可以成為一篇好文章。常用模板引言段 ：There is no consensus of (opinions/ disagreements) among people as to the view of -. Some people suggest that -, while some other people argue that -. As far asI am concerned, - （提出 自己的論點 ）.主體段 ：提供論據(jù) ，證 明 自己的觀點 ：First and foremost, -. Furthermore, -.Last but not the least important, -.總結(jié)段 ：To put all into a nutshell, it is natural to reach a conclusion that -. 作文之寫作摸板-分析利弊/差異型在這類題型中，考生往往被要求分析某件事情的利弊或是兩件事情之間的差異 ，題干中會 明確地提到以下關(guān)鍵詞 ：advantages and disadvantagesmerits and demeritsstrengths and weaknessesbenefits and dangerspositive and negativethe importance/significance/benefits of .the main differences between . and .典型真題(1995)Nowadays it has become fashionable for college students to take a part-time job in their spare time. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend.(1996)Every college student would agree that life in college is not the same as it was in the middle school. Now, you have been asked by the Students Union to write a passage entitled:The Main Difference Between My College Life and My Middle School Life(1999)We see advertisements on television everyday. Some people think that TV advertising brings us bene ts, but others dont think so. What is your opinion?Major Advantage/Disadvantage of Advertising on Television(2000)College life should be varied and colorful and extracurricular activities are an important aspect of it. However, at present, there is much room for improvement in this regard. Write an article to the university radio entitled:The Importance of Extracurricular ActivitiesTravel has become part of our life. And more and more of us have come to know the signicance of travel through our own experience:Travel Broadens the Mind(2003)People in modern society live under a lot of pressure, from education, career or family. So it is important for them to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances.The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood(2008) December 5th is International Volunteers Day. Since 1985, when the United Nations announced the special day, tens of millions of people around the world have volunteered to help those in need. China now has 4.5 million registered volunteers that have provided more than 4.5 billion hours of volunteer work. What can you gain from volunteering? Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:The Bene ts of Volunteering解題思路考生要看清題目的要求，有時是需要利弊兩方面都談，有時題干中已經(jīng)規(guī)定好了是寫優(yōu)勢、重要性還是弊端。閱卷人往往希望看到考生的文章思路開闊、條理清晰，比如2008年的題目，題干要求論述“志愿活動的好處”，主體部分可以著重論述志愿活動對社會的好處，也可以論述志愿活動給志愿者本人帶來的好處，還可以兼顧兩方面。構(gòu)思立意時要從多個角度論述自己的觀點，并對所有素材加以整合、歸納。以討論“對志愿者自己的好處”為例，考生可以討論如下好處：第一，提升交際、溝通能力（包括擴大交際面，與不同的人打交道，協(xié)調(diào)不同的關(guān)系，理解不同的立場等）。第二，提高工作能力、學(xué)以致用（主要談對自己知識、技能的提高有什么作用，包括學(xué)校知識的運用、實際能力的提高等，注意與前面的“交際能力”有所區(qū)分）。第三，成就感，獲得心理上的滿足（獲得尊敬與承認，實現(xiàn)自我價值）。常用模板1. 引言段：AAA has improved the quality of our lives and is playing an important role in our daily life. The benefits that AAA brings to us are far more than its disadvantages. However, we cannot ignore its problems.主體段：On the positive side, AAA has enabled us to (AAA 的優(yōu)勢1). For instance, .Besides, (優(yōu)勢2). Nowadays, . In addition, (優(yōu)勢3), such as . On the negative side, (AAA的弊端1). For example, . Besides, (弊端2). Furthermore, (弊端3).總結(jié)段 ：All in all, we cannot live without AAA for the convenience it brings to us, but weshould also be aware of the negative effects it creates on the modern life.2.引言段：BBB has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life and its advantages are undeniable to us.主體段 ：Most importantly, (BBB 的好處1). (詳細闡述) We should also focus our attention on (好處2). (詳細闡述) Likewise, (好處3) is worth some words here. (詳細闡述)總結(jié)段 ：All in all, it is no denying that we cannot live without BBB. It ., ., and . （再總結(jié)壓縮一下BBB 的優(yōu)勢或重要性 ）3.引言段 ：(復(fù)述題干背景) Comparing CCC with DDD, there do exist many differences.主體段 ：The maj or difference lies in . (詳細闡述). There is also a difference in the aspect of .(詳細闡述)總結(jié)段 ：To sum up, CCC and DDD are different considering . and .4.引言段 ：(復(fù)述題干背景) Looking into EEE and FFF, the maj or difference is that .主體段 ：(因為只是 闡述主要 的差異 ，題干 中是單數(shù) ，所 以一定要注意圍繞這一點詳細闡述 ）總結(jié)段 ：Comparing EEE with FFF, there are many differences, among which the most prominent one lies in .作文之寫作摸板-解決問題/建議型這類題型往往是給考生一個社會現(xiàn)象或者背景 ，讓考生提出解決問題的方案 ，抑或是提建議想法，題干中的高頻詞匯如下 ：one way to solve the problemthe best way to .ideas and suggestions典型真題(1998)It is now generally accepted that vehicles (cars, trucks, etc.) are a major source of air pollution in cities. You are to suggest only ONE way to solve the problem. One Way to Solve the Problem(2002)Nowadays people are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health. And they have different ways to stay healthy. For example, some exercise every day; others try to keep a balanced diet. What do you think is the best way to stay healthy?The Best Way to Stay Healthy(2005)The Students Union of your university is planning to hold an arts festival next semester, and they are inviting students to contribute their ideas and suggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included.My Idea of a University Arts Festival解題思路我們鼓勵考生應(yīng)該有新的構(gòu)思、多彩的想法，當然也要避諱想法新穎但卻無法用英語來表達的窘境。一般的模式是在引言段復(fù)述題干內(nèi)容，直截了當提出自己的idea，點明自己即將要在后文闡述的這個建議或解決方案好在哪里，為什么特別推崇這個方案。接下來就是擺事實講道理，最后把文章引入一個自然的總結(jié)段中即可。常用模板1. 問題解決型(如1998 ，2002)引言段 ：復(fù)述題干中的背景a. - has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their ways.b. Recently, - has become the focus of the society. And in this way, people swarm to - and serious problems follow.c. - has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but created some serious problems as well.d.Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of-. I would like to suggest a way to solve the problem. We might as well (解決 的方案). It is necessary that we do so for the following reasons.主體段 ：For one thing, (方案的優(yōu)勢1). (詳細闡述) For another, (方案的優(yōu)勢2). (詳細闡述) 或者有3種以上優(yōu)勢和理 由的，參考使用 ：To begin with, then, furthermore, finallyTo start with, next, in addition, finallyFirst and foremost, besides, last but not leastMost important of all, moreover, finally總結(jié)段 ：Above all, it is highly recommendable that we solve the problem in/through . for its advantages of A, B and C (這里再把理 由壓縮一下敘述一遍).2. 建議型(如2005)引言段 ：復(fù)述題干中的背景 ，I suggest that we should (把idea ，suggestion都亮 出來)主體段 ：詳細描述idea和suggestion ，闡明它們 的優(yōu)勢和作用 ：By doing so, we could .It is feasible and effective for the following reasons.In this way, not only can students ., but also they are able to .總結(jié)段：小結(jié)一下背景，I hope that my ideas and suggestions will contribute a lot to .作文之寫作摸板-觀點選擇型A/B這類題型是給出兩種選擇 ，讓考生選擇觀點表達。題目要么直接給出A or B的選項，要么在題干中敘述有的人認為如何如何，另外的人持有怎樣的觀點，然后問考生支持哪種觀點。典型真題(2004)Nowadays young people tend to phone more often than write to each other. So some say thatphones will kill letter writing. What is your opinion?Will Phones Kill Letter Writing?(2006)Recently, a Beijing information company did a survey of student life among more than 700 students in Beijing, Guangzhou, Xian, Chengdu, Shanghai, Wuhan, Nanjing and Shenyang . The results have shown that 67 percent of students think that saving money is a good habit while the rest believe that using tomorrows money today is better. What do you think?(2007)Nowadays the Internet has become part of peoples life, and millions of young people have made friends online.Is It Wise to Make Friends Online?(2009)Tourism is a booming business in China. However, some people worry that too many tourists may bring harm to the environment, while others dont think so. What is your opinion? Write onANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?(2010)It was recently reported in a newspaper that six students who shared a dorm at a local university hired a cleaner to do laundry and cleaning once a week. And each of them paid her 60 yuan a month. This has led to a heated debate as to whether college students should hire cleaners. Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:Should College Students Hire Cleaners?(2011)Recently, government agencies in some big cities have been studying the possibility of putting a “pollution tax” on private cars. The amount of tax private car owners would have to pay depends on the emission levels, i.e. engine or vehicle size. This has caused quite a stir among the public. Some regard it as an effective way to control the number of cars and reduce pollution in the city. But others dont think so. What is your opinion?Should Private Car Owners Be Taxed for Pollution?解題思路處理觀點選擇型的文章時，首先考生要在引言段客觀地介紹不同的兩種觀點，即將原題復(fù)述，此處注意切勿照抄題干。然后考生需要亮明自己的觀點。英文寫作和中文寫作的一個很大的區(qū)別在于 ：中文寫作喜歡水到渠成，直到最后才透露觀點 ；然而英文寫作卻往往開門見山 ，在文章的首段就講明自己的觀點 ，接著是主體段落，介紹理由。建議大家要每個理由寫主題句，讓閱卷人一目了然，使文章結(jié)構(gòu)更加清晰。最后是總結(jié)段，簡要地重申觀點和論述概要 。常用模板1. 引言段 ：(復(fù)述原題)Quite a few hold that _(A觀點)_, but others, in contrast, regard _(B觀點)_ as the premier choice. In my view, I believe that _(A觀點)_ for the following three reasons.主體段 ：First and foremost, _(理由1)_. (然后舉例或詳述) In addition, _(理由2)_.(然后舉例或詳述) Last but not the least important, _(理由3)_. (然后舉例或詳述)總結(jié)段 ：In a word, (重復(fù)觀點句并縮寫理 由). Taking into account of all these factors, wemay reach the conclusion that_(A觀點)_.2. 引言段 ：Nowadays the society is faced with a problem of (簡述題干中的社會現(xiàn)象), which has aroused heated discussions. Some people would claim that _(A觀點)_, while others hold that _(B觀點)_ and that is also my point. There are numerous reasons why_(B觀點)_, and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here.主體段 ：The main reason is that_(理由1)_ . (然后舉例或詳述) There is anotherfactor that deserves our attention. _(理由2)_. (然后舉例或詳述)總結(jié)段 ：To sum up, I firmly believe in _(B觀點)_, (縮寫理由).親愛的考生們 ，雖然編者在此書中給出了模板 ，但是大家一定要銘記在心的是，模板只是參考，語言表達千千萬萬、豐富多彩 ，千萬不要束縛了自己。在符合用語習(xí)慣和語法準則的情況下，可以有各種表達。比如，在描述自己有兩個理由支持觀點的時候，也完全可以用Firstly, . Secondly, . 或者For one thing, . For another, . 。如 ：For one thing, I don t have any interest in that movie; for another, I have no time. 不過按照用法 ，不能使用On he one hand, . On the other hand, . 因為這個短語用于描述對立的兩方面 ，如 ：On the one hand, he complains that he is lonely; on the other hand, he won t come to parties with me.只要是符合用語習(xí)慣 ，在已有基本模板的情況下 ，可以變出百種千種文字的表達 ，一句話 ，使用模板要“抓大放小” ！2011英語專四寫作模板(推薦)觀點選擇式A or B1._將原題復(fù)述_When faced with the decision of A or B, quite a few would deem that_, but others, in contrast, believe A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point. Among countless factors which influence -A/-B, there are three conspicuous aspects as follows.The main reason for my propensity for A/B is that_The second reason can be seen by every person that_.In addition, these reasons are also usable when we consider that_.There are some disadvantages in_(另一種觀點的缺點).Such as_.In a word, _(_重復(fù)觀點句并縮寫理由)_.Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that_.2。 Some people prefer to A. others believe B. When faced with the decision of A or B, quite a few would claim that_, but others, in contrast , deem A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point. There are numerous reasons why_, and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here.The main reason why I agree with the above statement, however, is that_. Take_as example, _.There is another factor that deserves some words here. Such as _Similarly, these reasons are also usable when we consider that_.(exmaples:_).From the above you might got idea that I agree_.(repeat the above three reason_).So, it is sagacious to support the statement that it is better to _.3。In my point of view, A is as important as, if not more important than B. So it is sagacious to choose A. Among count less factors which influence A. there are three conspicuous aspects as follows.The above point is certainly true if A is considered. For exmaple,_Another reason why I agree with the above statement is that I believe that A is better than B. For instance,_It would probably not be too kindly disposed to the idea that B is not important . B_也好_.In a word, to choose A or B is something of a dilemma to the public because they sometimes are confused by the seemingly good qualities of B, and neglect hte genuinely good aspects of A. For the reasons presented above, I strongly commit to the notion that A, but not B問題解決型作文模版Part One: The Model of Beginning Paragraph1. -has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way.2. Recently, -has become the focus of the society. And in this way, people swarm to-.3. -has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but created some serious problems as well.4. Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of-.5. - is now -,and at the same time -. These two factors have caused -. Then what shall we do to solve - in the face of such a situation?Part Two: The Model of Body Paragraph1. A great number of solutions are being offered. Some people suggest that -. Others argue that-.2. There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can -, there are a number of advantages of -. Another solution is to -.3.Why-? The first reason is that -. The second reason is -. The third is -.4. The eventual result it brings out is -. And perhaps the most obvious result of- is -.5. - is necessary and important to our countrys development and construction. First, -. Whats more, -. Most important of all, -.Part Three: The Model of Concluding Paragraph1. Personally, I believe that -. Consequently, I am confident that a bright future is awaiting us because-.2. With the development of society, -. So it is urgent and necessary to-. If every member is willing to contribute himself to society, it will be better and better.3. But for me, I would rather think of the matter in an optimistic way，because I believe -.4. My own point of view is that - is a normal behavior in our society. There is no doubt that -. AS an old saying goes, -.5. From all the reasons above, we know that great changes had taken place in -. And I believe that -.闡述觀點型作文模版Model One: 引言: There is no consensus of (opinions/ disagreements) among people as to the view of -. Some people suggest that -, while some other people argue that -. I agree with the latter to some extent. 提出自己的論點: I think-.提供論據(jù),證明自己的觀點: I can think of no better illustration of the (view/idea) than my own (experience/ example) of-. First, - Second, - .Finally,-.結(jié)論: My personal experience leads m