高一英語《名詞性從句》講解.ppt

NounClause名詞性從句 1 本講內(nèi)容 學(xué)習(xí)名詞性從句 2 學(xué)習(xí)要求 1 掌握名詞性從句的種類 2 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞 3 初步學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用名詞性從句 名詞性從句 3 學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo) 1 本講重點(diǎn) 名詞性從句的種類 2 本講難點(diǎn) 名詞性從句的語序 4 典型例題解析 名詞性從句包括主語從句 表語從句 賓語從句和同位語從句 它的功能相當(dāng)于名詞 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞歸納起來可分為以下三類 1 主語從句 1 Thathewillcomeiscertain 2 Whethersheiscomingornotdoesn tmattertoomuch 3 Whatsurprisedmemostwastoseesomeofthevillagepeopleseatedonthebenchesattheendoftheroom 4 Whichteamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern 5 Whereshehasgoneisnotknownyet 當(dāng)主語從句較長時(shí) 多放在句子后部 用it作形式主語 以it作形式主語 把主語從句后置的常用句型有 1 It be 形容詞 that從句 Itis wascertainthat clauseclearimportantnecessaryprobablepossible 1 Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam 2 Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything 2 It be 名詞詞組 that從句 Itis wasapitythat clauseshameduty 1 Itisapitythatwecan tgo 2 Itisnosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame 3 It be 過去分詞 that從句 Itissaidthat clausereportedthoughthopedbelievedknown 1 Itissaidthatheisthebeststudentintheclass 2 ItisthoughtthatJoedrivesbadly 4 It seem happen appear等不及物動(dòng)詞 that從句 1 ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall 2 IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday 1 ThiswaswhatTomwasreading 2 ThetruthisthatIhaveneverbeenthere 3 Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain 4 Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathegotuplate 5 Thisishowweovercamethedifficulties 6 Thatiswhyshewasabsentyesterday 7 ThehouseiswhereLuXunoncelived 2 表語從句 3 賓語從句 1 用作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語 1 Theypretendedthattheywerereadingintheroom 2 Ididn tknowwhattheyweretalkingabout 3 Doyouknowwhywinteriscolderthansummer 4 Hecouldn ttellwherehishomewas 5 Johnmadetheboysitstill promisingthatnothingwouldhurthim 引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that?？墒∪?特別在口語中是這樣 注意 whether和if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 whether和if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以互換使用 但下列情況用whether不用if 1 在whetherornot結(jié)構(gòu)中不可用if代替whetherIdon tknowwhetherornothe llcome Iwonderwhetheritistrueornot 2 介詞后面的賓語從句用whether 不用if Everythingdependsonwhetherthesituationwillimprove 后面要講到介詞后面的賓語從句 3 引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句用whether不用ifWhetherwe llgodependsontheweather Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing 4 whether可用在不定式前 if則不能 Pleasetellmewhethertogoornot 2 用作介詞的賓語從句 Iwaspleasedbywhathetoldme Healwayspaysattentiontowhatevertheteachersays Hetoldofhowhehelpedtheoldwomantofindhermissingson 注意 介詞的賓語從句一般不用which和if來引導(dǎo) 而要分別用what和whether來引導(dǎo) 如 Areyousorryforwhatyou vedone Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughexperience 不可用if which不可以 這類形容詞常見的有sure certain glad pleased happy afraid surprised satisfied等 1 Iamsureyoulookedbeautifulthatevening 2 Wewerenotsurprisedthathereturnedthreedayslaterthanexpected 3 用作某些形容詞的賓語從句 3 Everyonewasafraidthatsomeonemightfindoutthathecouldseenothing 4 Motherwasverypleased that herdaughterhadpassedtheentranceexams 注意 如果賓語從句后邊還有賓語補(bǔ)足語 則用it作形式賓語而將賓語從句后置 如 1 WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday 2 Hehasmadeitclearthatanyonewhobreaksthelawistobepunished 這種句型的謂語動(dòng)詞有think make feel find consider 4 同位語從句同位語從句在句中作某些名詞的同位語 這些名詞常見的有 fact news hope truth idea suggestion thought question order problem belief doubt fear等 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞通常有that和whether what why how 等 1 TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcomeovertovisitChinaagain 2 Weallknowthetruththattheearthgoesroundthesun 3 Thefactthatshehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus 4 Theyaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing 5 Theproblemwhetheritisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided 注意 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別是 前者說明名詞的內(nèi)容 后者說明名詞的性質(zhì)特征 前者所用連詞that不是從句的一個(gè)成分 后者所用關(guān)系代詞that是從句中的一個(gè)成分 試比較 Heputforwardthesuggestionthatthesecondquestionshouldbediscussedfirst 同位語從句 Thesuggestionthathehadputforwardwasturndown 定語從句 以上是名詞性從句例題解析 下面就運(yùn)用名詞性從句時(shí)要注意的幾個(gè)方面作以歸納 1 語序在名詞性從句中 從句一律使用陳述語序 特別要注意由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句 what who which when where now why等 不可因特殊疑問句的影響而用了疑問句語序 如 1 Iwonderwhosheis 2 Thequestioniswhenwe llcompletetheworks 3 Whethersheiscomingornotdoesn tmattertoomuch 2 時(shí)態(tài) 學(xué)習(xí)名詞性從句時(shí) 除了要注意從句的引導(dǎo)詞 語序等外 還要注意從句謂語動(dòng)詞與主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一致關(guān)系 1 在賓語從句中 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 賓語從句可以根據(jù)需要用各種時(shí)態(tài) 如 Marysaysthat Tomisn tlazy Tomisdoingwellinhislesson ShewillaskTomsomequestions Tommayfallbehindtheothers Shemissedusverymuch Shewaswritingaletter ShewouldvisittheGreatWall Shesaidthat 如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí) 則賓語從句須用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài) 如 如果賓語從句表示的是客觀真理 其謂語動(dòng)詞則仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 如 1 Theteachersaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound 2 Theoldmansaidthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest 2 在主語從句 表語從句和同位語從句中 也要注意從句謂語動(dòng)詞與主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一致性 關(guān)鍵要注意動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系 如 1 Whowillbesentabroadhasnotbeendecided 主句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 從句是一般將來時(shí) 2 Theearthoftodayisnotwhatitwasmillionsofyearsago 主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 從句是一般過去時(shí) 在動(dòng)詞think believe expect suppose guess等后帶that賓語從句時(shí) 若從句是否定句 常將否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中 如 3 賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移 Idon tthink that itwillbecoldtoday Wedon tthinkyoucandoit canyou 注意 這類句子后若帶有附加疑問句 應(yīng)采用肯定形式來后問 后問部分應(yīng)于從句主語一致 Idon tbelievesheknowit doesshe 4 幾組易混引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)別 1 What與that在名詞性從句中 what和that都可作關(guān)連詞 其區(qū)別在于 what在從句中要而且一定要充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分 主語 賓語或表語等 因此在任何情況下都不能省略 表示 什么 所 的事 物 話 相當(dāng)于thethingthat或thethingwhich that本身沒有詞匯意義 在名詞從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分 在口語和非正式文體中 賓語從句中的that經(jīng)常省略 如 1 Whatyouhavedonemightdoharmtoothers 2 Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery 3 Ithink that youwilllikethestamps 2 whether與ifwhether與if在前面已經(jīng)說過 1 Myhometownisnolonger itusedtobe 練習(xí)題 A thatB whatC whenD which B 2 Theywonder theirsonwasgettingalongwithhisstudy A whetherB thatC whatD how D 3 heislivingnowisnotknowntoanybody A WhenB IfC WhetherD Why C 4 Wordcame Iwasinvitedtoattendthemeeting A whichB whenC whereD that D 5 Thefact wewereinterestedin allofthem A that wassurprisedB which surprisedC what wassurprisedD when surprised B 6 thescientistwhogaveusatalkwillgoabroad A ItsaidthatB ItsayswhenC ItissaidthatD Heissaid C 7 Hetoldme there A thathasbeenhappenedB thathappenedC whathadhappenedD whathadbeenhappened 7 Hetoldme there C A thathasbeenhappenedB thathappenedC whathadhappenedD whathadbeenhappened 8 Ican tunderstandis hechangedhismind A That thatB What whyC Which howD That why B 9 hisbrotheris A WhatdoyousupposeB WhatyousupposeC WhatdoyousupposethatD Yousupposethat 9 hisbrotheris A A WhatdoyousupposeB WhatyousupposeC WhatdoyousupposethatD Yousupposethat 10 Thereason hedidn tcometoschoolyesterdayis hehadtolookafterhissickmotherathome A that becauseB why forC for thatD why that D 11 Weallknowthetruth theearth roundthesun A if movedB that movesC why moveD whether move B 12 hesaidatthemeetingisveryimportanttous A ThatB WhatC WhichD Whether B 13 thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryh