漢語四字格的翻譯.doc

必備素材：漢語四字格的翻譯漢語中四字結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯在很多時候，令考生非常的頭疼棘手，很多中國同學(xué)，要么會誤認(rèn)為這些都屬于成語，要么總想在英語中找一個形式與之對應(yīng)的翻譯來處理，其實不然，漢語中出現(xiàn)的四字格，很多只是為了讀起來上口，對仗，并沒有太深的寓意，我們只需簡單的理解一下意思，我們在很多情況下可以將四字格前后兩個詞語分開來處理，首先判斷該結(jié)構(gòu)屬于什么詞類，然后再分析前后兩個詞語間的邏輯關(guān)系，用相應(yīng)的單詞或者表達(dá)處理即可。請看下面的例子：（一）并列關(guān)系這種四字結(jié)構(gòu)，前后兩個詞語屬于并列關(guān)系，我們只要能夠?qū)⑶昂髢蓚€詞語分別譯成相應(yīng)的英語譯文，中間用并列連詞“and”連接即可。名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers名勝古跡 scenic spots and historical sites湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills青山綠水 green hills and clear waters奇松怪石 strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations平等互利 equality and mutual benefit揚(yáng)長避短 play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government簡政放權(quán) streamline administration and institute decentralization集思廣益 draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas國泰民安 the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony政通人和 the government functions well and people cooperate well國計民生 national welfare and the peoples livelihood辭舊迎新 bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new徇私舞弊 bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud流連忘返 linger on with no thought of leaving for home國際局勢復(fù)雜多變 the complex and volatile international situation開拓進(jìn)取 blaze new trails and forge ahead求同存異 seek common ground while shelving differences（二）語意重復(fù)這種四字結(jié)構(gòu)前后兩個詞語的語意是一樣的，如果前后兩個詞語都翻譯就構(gòu)成語意重復(fù)了，廣袤無垠的中華大地 the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚的決策 a visionary/far-sighted decision貫徹落實重大決策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions層巒疊嶂 peaks rising one after another優(yōu)勝劣汰 survival of the fittest延年益壽 prolong ones life靈丹妙藥 panacea / miraculous cure長治久安 a long period of stability求真務(wù)實 pragmatic審時度勢 size up the trend of events招商引資 attract investment譽(yù)滿全球舉世聞名 world-renowned功在當(dāng)代，利在千秋 in the interest of the current and future generations繼往開來，承前啟后 (continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future路遙知馬力，日久見人心 Time will tell.吃的苦中苦，方知甜中甜 no sweet without sweat車到山前必有路，船到橋頭自然直 in the end things mend /theres always a way out急功近利 eager for instant success and quick profits大黑掃黃 crack down on gangland and pornography德高望重 of high ability and integrity互利互補(bǔ) mutually complementary and beneficial互諒互讓mutual understanding and accommodation遵紀(jì)守法 observe the relevant code of conduct and the law三）目的關(guān)系 減員增效 downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency)退耕還林 return cultivated land to forest or pastures集資辦學(xué) raise money to set up new schools結(jié)黨營私 form cliques for private gain扭虧為盈 turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one（四）途徑方式寓教于樂 teach through lively activities因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude按勞分配 distribution according to performance以商養(yǎng)文 support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business（五）偏正詞組廉潔奉公 honestly perform ones official duties環(huán)境綠化 environmental greening超前消費 premature consumption; Over-consume; excessive consumption以強(qiáng)凌弱 the strong domineering over the weak以人為本 people foremost; People-oriented（六）動賓關(guān)系 優(yōu)勢互補(bǔ) complement each others advantages 自主經(jīng)營，自負(fù)盈虧 make ones own management decisions, take full responsibility for ones own profits and losses（七）條件關(guān)系不進(jìn)則退 no progress simply means regression.（八）省略意象瞻前顧后 overcautious and indecisive源遠(yuǎn)流長 have a long history嘔心瀝血 spare no efforts畫龍點睛 bring out the crucial point花天酒地 go on t