全面歸納直接引語(yǔ)改間接引語(yǔ).doc

引語(yǔ)四點(diǎn)變化1時(shí)態(tài)變化2如何變句型3人稱變化4注意1、直接引語(yǔ)如果表示客觀真理，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。2、直接引語(yǔ)若有明確的表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。3、若直接引語(yǔ)中含有could, must, should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。4、直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語(yǔ)。5、用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)變化直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若主句為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)如下表：直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)（不變）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)（不變）cancouldmaymightmustmust/ had to祈使句不定式如果直接引語(yǔ)中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有過(guò)去時(shí)的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to，must, need)和已經(jīng)是過(guò)去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，（例：could, should, would, might）不再變。2時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，指示代詞、動(dòng)詞直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，有些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，指示代詞和動(dòng)詞也要作相應(yīng)的變動(dòng)。直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now 現(xiàn)在then 那時(shí)；當(dāng)時(shí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)today 今天that day 那天時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)tonight 今晚that night 那天晚上時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this week 本周that week 上周時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday 昨天the day before前一天時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)the day before yesterday 前天two days before 前兩天時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)three days ago三天以前three days before 前三天時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last week 上周the last week 前一周時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)tomorrow 明天the next day /the following day第二天時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)next week 下周the next week 第二個(gè)星期時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)next month下個(gè)月the following month第二個(gè)月時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this morning這個(gè)早晨that morning那個(gè)早晨時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)ago/last以前/最后before之前指示代詞this 這that 那指示代詞these 這些those 那些地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)here 這里there 那里動(dòng)詞come 來(lái)go 去動(dòng)詞bring帶來(lái)take帶去注：直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)的變化應(yīng)視實(shí)際情況而定。假如就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，today，yesterday，tomorrow等就不需改變；如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here也不必改為there，come也不必改為go。另外，直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的過(guò)去某年、某月、某日作狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如何變句型直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes.She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引語(yǔ)如果是反意疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句或一般疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.如：He said, Can you swim, John?He asked John if he could swim.You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked.My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.Do you go to school by bus or by bike?He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)該改為由疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序）。She asked me, When do they have their dinner? She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為tell (ask) sb (not) to do sth.句型。Dont make any noise, she said to the children.She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引語(yǔ)如果是以“Lets”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用“suggest +動(dòng)名詞（或從句）?！比纾篐e said, Lets go to the film.He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)為what 或how 引導(dǎo)，也可以用that 引導(dǎo)。She said, What a lovely day it is !She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.如果直接引語(yǔ)中含有since, when, while 引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，只改變主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，從句的一般過(guò)去時(shí)則不變。如：He said to me, I have taught English since he came here .He told me that he had taught English since he came here.人稱變化遵從一主二賓三不變一主： 從句的第一人稱隨主句的主語(yǔ)變化。eg： “I have bought an expensive car , ” said the boss.The boss said he had bought an expensive car.二賓： 從句的第二人稱隨主句的賓語(yǔ)變化。eg: I often tell him , You are luckiest boy I have ever seen . I often tell him he is the luckiest boy I have ever seen . “三不變：從句的第三人稱不需要變化。注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化。直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理。直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning。當(dāng)