綜合英語(yǔ)教程4 第7單元Time to Stop Excuses for Lateness 課文答案、翻譯等 很全面.doc

Unit7 Time to Stop Excuses for Lateness reference T&SUnit7 Time to Stop Excuses for Lateness P1 Listening and Speaking Activities1 BrainstormingExpressions of disciplinary matters at the workplace: Expressions of types of employment:Expressions of recruiting/firing:Expressions of positions/job titles:2 ListeningListening scriptIm a policeman in New York City and my name is John Davy. Ever since I was a young boy Ive always wanted to be a cop .I thought it would be the best job in the world. If I wasnt a cop, I dont think I could be anything else. Of course they tell me Im a good cop. My superiors say Im conscientious, that I have strong sense of justice and fairness and a great respect for the law. To be honest with you, my conscience would bother me if I didnt give 100% and if I didnt try to live up to my ideals. My friends tell me Im too idealistic, too nice and, as the saying goes, nice guys finish last , but my job is to serve the people and I try to do my best.I work with the police departments emergency service patrol in a largely black neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York. Its a rough and dangerous neighborhood, very rough. I admit it hasnt been easy. Since being assigned to the neighborhood, Ive been shot, spit at, and hit with bottles, rocks, sticks, and Molotov Cocktails . Yes, its not easy being a cop in New York City , but Ive been awarded citations for my courage and for my quick thinking and performance in emergency situations.Oh, I could tell you many exciting stories. Once, we set up a net for a potential jumper. A young man was on a ledge 23 stories up from the street. His girlfriend had left him and now he was threatening to jump. We got his girlfriend, his close friend, a priest, his mother to try and talk him out of jumping, but nothing worked. He was going to jump. Then I started to talk to him. I talked as long as I could until I got too close to him. Then he shouted out, Stop right where you are or Ill jump. I backed away. An hour later, with a belt tied around me, with a line my partner held, I jumped from the ledge and came up right in front of the young man and trapped him. I felt what they call job satisfaction. A life has been saved and thats important to me. To me thats success - to do your job and to do it well. No holding back , especially when it means saving a human life.Some people in the neighborhood think cops are the bad guys. They just dont like us. Yeah, we have some bad cops in the department who dont always obey the rules and who sometimes use too much force and injure people. But you know, when someone has been hit by a car and you walk into the crowd standing around dumbfounded and you take charge, telling this person to get a blanket, this one to get some water, and you comfort the injured person; that looks good in front of the crowd. They say, Therere some good cops here. Boy, does that make me feel good. I feel like Im doing my job . I feel like Im helping people. Anyway, its my duty as a cop.Recently, I was again cited for outstanding service and this time was promoted to sergeant. As they say, Im a good cop, and good guys dont always finish last.1. What makes John a good policeman?John likes his job as a cop. He feels its the best job in the world. He is conscientious, has a strong sense of justice and fairness, and respects the law. John exerts himself to the utmost and tries to live up to his ideals. 2. Has Johns job as a policeman been easy and safe?No. Being a policeman in New York is difficult and dangerous. Besides, he works in a rough neighborhood. He has been shot, spit at, and hit with bottles, rocks, sticks, and Molotov Cocktails. Once he risked his life to save a man from jumping off a ledge 23 stories up from the street.3. Why was John awarded citations?John is given awards for his bravery, his quick thinking and performance in emergencies.4. Why dont some people like policemen in Johns district?John admits that there are bad cops on the force, cops who dont always obey the rules and who sometimes use too much force and injure people. 5 Establishing new work ethicMisdemeanors at workWhat can be done?reading newspapers at workno newspaperchatting at work, using MSN to chat with friends during work hours on the company computersupervisionbeing late, procrastination competition, warning, and disciplinebeing rude to customers, neglect, calloustraining absent from duty without permissionsharing stocks/share arrangementplaying computer games at workpunishmentmaking private calls on the company telephone during business hourstelephone lockplaying company politics warning, discipline, fineusing company facilities for private errandswarning, discipline, finetaking company stationary for personal usewarning, discipline, fineP2 Reading Comprehension and Language ActivitiesText Translation別再為遲到找借口哈里貝地每個(gè)辦公室總有那么幾個(gè)人習(xí)慣上班遲到。管理者該如何處理多元文化環(huán)境里的這一問(wèn)題呢？文化背景不同，時(shí)間觀念也大不相同，作為老板，應(yīng)持何種態(tài)度，是忍氣吞聲還是采取懲罰措施呢？專家告訴我們，西方人和東方人對(duì)時(shí)間的看法是不同的。從文化角度來(lái)說(shuō)，西方人更多地生活在當(dāng)前和不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)，而亞洲人卻更多地生活在古老的過(guò)去和遙遠(yuǎn)的未來(lái)。亞洲人盡力避免成為時(shí)間的神經(jīng)質(zhì)的奴隸。生活在他們看來(lái)只是永恒中的匆匆一瞬。他們喜歡旅游所帶來(lái)的那種“失重”感，沒(méi)有近期目標(biāo)，也沒(méi)有緊急任務(wù)。對(duì)許多亞洲人來(lái)說(shuō)，生活是一次漫長(zhǎng)的旅行。幸福絕對(duì)不是一個(gè)時(shí)間問(wèn)題。他們喜歡按部就班，不愿來(lái)去匆匆。靜觀季節(jié)的變化、兒女的成長(zhǎng)也不認(rèn)為是在虛度光陰。西方人相信幸福就在不遠(yuǎn)的前方。多花點(diǎn)時(shí)間，多費(fèi)點(diǎn)金錢，多下點(diǎn)工夫就能達(dá)到。尤其是美國(guó)人，他們就靠時(shí)間緊迫的日程安排和最后期限而生存。但是學(xué)究們深思熟慮悟出的這一見(jiàn)解又是如何與上班守時(shí)這一問(wèn)題聯(lián)系起來(lái)的呢？是否我們應(yīng)該從這種文化方面的差異得出結(jié)論，一些雇員上班拖拖拉拉就是合情合理的？還是說(shuō)這意味著一個(gè)管理者應(yīng)該忽略守時(shí)這一工作守則呢？表面上看來(lái)，管理者會(huì)不得不對(duì)一些文化群體比對(duì)另一些文化群體在守時(shí)方面更寬容一些，但是這在城市文明中是站不住腳的，它將使人相信此種文化的時(shí)間觀念比西方的時(shí)間觀念遜色這一學(xué)術(shù)論調(diào)。這便混淆了兩種截然不同的事情：遵守時(shí)間和對(duì)時(shí)間的哲學(xué)觀。一個(gè)人認(rèn)為時(shí)間是以百年來(lái)度量的，并非以秒來(lái)計(jì)算，這與他每天能夠按時(shí)到辦公室上班并無(wú)關(guān)系。沒(méi)有哪一個(gè)亞洲雇員會(huì)為自己的遲到找一個(gè)文化背景方面的借口。他可能會(huì)尋找一些更現(xiàn)代化的借口，如交通堵塞、表慢了以及停車麻煩等。這些措辭與西方辦公室人員所用的藉口并無(wú)區(qū)別。為什么在亞洲經(jīng)常以這些借口遲到可以被接受，而在西方這樣一個(gè)人卻被認(rèn)為是不可依靠、不可信賴的呢？問(wèn)題可能是，在我們亞洲人的社會(huì)生活中，對(duì)于那些讓我們?cè)谑袇^(qū)約會(huì)的地點(diǎn)等候半小時(shí)的親友們，我們往往比較寬容。我們不會(huì)認(rèn)為他們不把我們的友誼和親情當(dāng)回事兒。我們也不會(huì)認(rèn)為他們失禮。更糟糕的是，我們還容許他們用含糊其辭的借口來(lái)為自己開脫?？墒?，如何對(duì)待社會(huì)生活中的那些遲到者卻是個(gè)人問(wèn)題。而在現(xiàn)代商業(yè)領(lǐng)域，我們不容許有這種靈活性。如果一個(gè)人偶爾一次上班遲到，誰(shuí)也不會(huì)在意。遵守時(shí)間不應(yīng)成為一時(shí)的風(fēng)尚。而在一個(gè)辦公環(huán)境中，應(yīng)該有這樣一種紀(jì)律約束的氛圍來(lái)使人們遵守時(shí)間。即使那些實(shí)行彈性工作時(shí)間的公司，也會(huì)規(guī)定哪些時(shí)間雇員必須在辦公室，否則就無(wú)法召集各個(gè)部門一起開會(huì)。一些公司可能會(huì)主動(dòng)改變他們的上下班時(shí)間，以使雇員能夠避開交通高峰期。但那并不是說(shuō)就不再需要守時(shí)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，遲到這一問(wèn)題只和少數(shù)雇員有關(guān)。管理者應(yīng)該試圖通過(guò)勸告必要的話可反復(fù)教育來(lái)改變他們的壞習(xí)慣。這并非易事，而且有時(shí)還頗需要些耐心。但是，我們也應(yīng)擺脫那種認(rèn)為期望別人守時(shí)就是不能容忍某種文化的迂腐觀點(diǎn)。這種陳詞濫調(diào)應(yīng)當(dāng)立即摒棄。Text Organization1 Comprehension workA Probe the story1. According to the scholars, what is the Asian concept of time? Asians live more in the ancient past or in the distant future. They view life as a passing moment and prefer a steady pace.2. How do Westerners view time? Westerners live more in the present and the near future. They always have immediate and urgent objectives to achieve with time-pressing schedules or deadlines.3. What figure of speech does the writer use to illustrate the cultural difference regarding the concept of time? The writer uses a number of metaphors to make his point: neurotic slavery indicates being abnormally bound to tight schedules; the sense of zero gravity refers to the freedom of spending ones time at will; ones life course is compared to a long journey; and the next hill suggests something within reach. 4. Does the writer agree to the claim that unpunctuality is related to a certain cultural outlook? Why? The writer does not agree to the claim. He thinks that whether a person is punctual or not has nothing to do with his cultural outlook, because observance of time and philosophical perception of time are two different things. 5. How do Asians and Westerners react to unpunctuality? Asians tend to be more tolerant of bad punctuality and are more ready to accept a latecomers dubious excuses, while Westerners view bad punctuality as an undesirable practice and believe that it shows that a person is not trustworthy or dependable.6. What is the writers view on punctuality in the business world? The writer thinks that in daily life it is up to an individual whether to be punctual or not, but in an office environment people must respect the keeping of time.7. Should a manager ignore unpunctuality in his/ her office? What, in the writers view, should the manager do? Generally, a manager should not take the academic concept that to require punctuality of his/her employees is intolerant of culture. He or she must strive to break bad habits through repeated counseling. 2 Language workA In other wordsB Work with sentence1. Many people tried their luck in the lottery, though they knew the probability of winning the first prize was once in a blue moon.2. Those who recklessly destroy rainforests should feel guilty for their stupid act.3. The earth has offered all it has to nourish human beings, but they just take the generosity of the planet for granted.4. Goods on sale are not necessarily inferior in quality to those sold at normal prices.5. On the surface, primates are the suitable candidate for xenotransplants, but the same viruses that infect monkeys and apes are very likely to infect humans.6. The host had expected thirty guests but finally more than forty showed up at the party.7. Bad habits are easy to make but difficult to break.8. Experts in education disregard boys assertiveness as the only reason for classroom sexism.C Word study1. a. To many people, skating is just a matter of practice. b. Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experience. c. Success in business is simply a matter of knowing when to grab a chance.2. a. Theres a general feeling that the president has been too tolerant of corruption. b. It seems that people in this town are more tolerant of children in public places. c. It is said that her own mistakes made her very tolerant towards the faults of others. 3. a. The company director claimed such criticism was unwarranted and unjust. b. Such fears are completely unwarranted now. c. The white, male supremacy in the West is totally unwarranted in todays civilized world.4. a. Many young people take their parents love for granted. b. We take it for granted that students should be punctual for class. c. Their relationship had become boring and they started to take each other for granted.5. a. He was guilty of a serious misjudgment. b. Their parents are guilty of gross neglect, abuse and cruelty. c. I saw that I had been guilty of an irreparable blunder.6. a. They made it a habit of having lunch together twice a week. b. Im trying to get him to break the habit of switching on the TV when he comes home at night. c. Some children like to bite their finger nails - a bad habit and very difficult to break.P3 Extended Activities2 Read moreText Translation如何要求你應(yīng)得的那份！是的，你能夠獲得加薪！卡洛克萊曼在我的事業(yè)剛剛起步的時(shí)候，我一直遵守著那條準(zhǔn)則-不興風(fēng)作浪。我獨(dú)自一人撫養(yǎng)著三個(gè)孩子，擁有一份非常喜歡的工作。我害怕別人注意到我，所以，我默默無(wú)聞，只做自己被要求做的事情因而，也錯(cuò)失了很多完成重要任務(wù)的機(jī)會(huì)。當(dāng)我最終鼓起勇氣，坦言我的想法時(shí)，我的上司都非常吃驚，他們幾乎對(duì)我的興趣愛(ài)好一無(wú)所知。一旦我知道怎樣要求我想得到的，我也獲得了做重要工作的機(jī)會(huì)。如今，你可不能讓自己看起來(lái)是無(wú)足輕重的，因?yàn)槟愠袚?dān)不起，特別是當(dāng)你想升職或者要加薪的時(shí)候。正象你推銷自己得到了這份工作，現(xiàn)在你必須繼續(xù)推銷自己，使自己成為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者。升職的途中，沒(méi)有捷徑。接下來(lái)，就是我，作為一個(gè)專寫就業(yè)問(wèn)題的專欄作家，根據(jù)每天聽到的真實(shí)的人生經(jīng)歷，總結(jié)出的幾條行之有效的策略。面對(duì)你的恐懼和緊張。倘若你能勝任不同的任務(wù)或者你有資格晉升，盡管說(shuō)出來(lái)。曾經(jīng)有一位酒店的副經(jīng)理告訴我：“我可以為部門的任何人爭(zhēng)取利益，但是一旦牽涉到我個(gè)人的要求，就難以開口?！彼蚨e(cuò)失了許多升職的機(jī)會(huì)。你必須花點(diǎn)心思，讓人們知道你多么想為考艾島新建的酒店做貢獻(xiàn)，或者你多么希望成為部門的下一任營(yíng)業(yè)經(jīng)理。沒(méi)有人會(huì)主動(dòng)給你一份高薪水的工作，除非你讓大家明白那是你所渴望的。成為A級(jí)游戲者。升職曾經(jīng)是自然的事情，然而，現(xiàn)在情況大不相同了倘若表現(xiàn)不好，可能永遠(yuǎn)得不到升職的機(jī)會(huì)。公司青睞的A級(jí)游戲者才會(huì)得到提拔。這就意味著你必須積極努力。需要時(shí)，任勞任怨地加班工作，同時(shí)也要對(duì)需要完成的其他任務(wù)保持警覺(jué)。今天，被稱作“工作狂”是一種恭維。十年前，當(dāng)他的公司想要實(shí)行計(jì)算機(jī)化的時(shí)候，人力資源部的一位助理被任命負(fù)責(zé)這項(xiàng)新工程的一些具體事務(wù)。他先前已經(jīng)有大量的工作要做，而且計(jì)算機(jī)也不是他的專業(yè)，可是他還是欣然接受了任務(wù)，并且學(xué)習(xí)了與設(shè)備相關(guān)的所有知識(shí)。這位助理協(xié)助公司挑選機(jī)器，軟件，后來(lái)又負(fù)責(zé)公司職員的計(jì)算機(jī)培訓(xùn)其中包括高級(jí)管理人員。今天，他不僅管理計(jì)算機(jī)，而且還負(fù)責(zé)辦公室和公司外面的房地產(chǎn)股份。充分利用你的工作總結(jié)。在許多公司，只有做過(guò)工作匯報(bào)的職員才有資格晉升。讓工作總結(jié)成為升職的敲門磚。你的經(jīng)理會(huì)在測(cè)評(píng)之前通知你，然后，你有充分的時(shí)間來(lái)填寫表格，回答問(wèn)題，其中包括給自己的工作定級(jí)，陳述你的可取之處及對(duì)公司的貢獻(xiàn)。同時(shí)你也獲得機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)陳述公司的有待改進(jìn)之處和你的工作目標(biāo)。倘若在過(guò)去的一年里，你幫公司成功地完成了一項(xiàng)工程，如實(shí)匯報(bào)。倘若你已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作，或曾經(jīng)幫助過(guò)你的同事或者主動(dòng)參加過(guò)特殊的活動(dòng)，那么現(xiàn)在該是告訴你老板的時(shí)候了。在許多自評(píng)表格里，都有一個(gè)非常重要的討論題目，那就是“職員的職業(yè)目標(biāo)”。明確地告訴你的老板并讓他相信你真正想要的東西。制定一個(gè)支持計(jì)劃。“我走進(jìn)老板的辦公室，期待著一次輕松愉快的談話。他們告訴我我的薪水會(huì)增加3%，明年他們會(huì)努力做得更好就這些”一位辦公室經(jīng)理告訴我，“令人沮喪，但我無(wú)能為力?！彼菍?duì)的，大多數(shù)加薪都是事先決定的。部門經(jīng)理通常擁有一筆固定的資金用于薪水發(fā)放，倘若你的薪水長(zhǎng)了，那就意味著部門中的另一個(gè)人的薪水少了。發(fā)放薪水時(shí)，通常他們會(huì)努力增加報(bào)酬過(guò)低的職員的薪水，同時(shí)，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)那些表現(xiàn)非常優(yōu)秀的職員。倘若你的薪水增加的不夠，明確地告訴你的上級(jí)你是多么得失望。提醒他由你完成的那個(gè)項(xiàng)目給公司帶來(lái)了多大的利潤(rùn)。并且要申請(qǐng)?jiān)趲讉€(gè)月后的另一次會(huì)議上繼續(xù)討論你的報(bào)酬問(wèn)題，才能知道公司能否給你增加薪水?！拔以詾槲也豢赡苜嵉酶嗟腻X，”一位讀者告訴我說(shuō)，“我的薪水每年只會(huì)增加3%。然而，每次在工作總結(jié)里，我都會(huì)讓老板知道我對(duì)待工作嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真的態(tài)度和拼搏開拓事業(yè)的雄心壯志?！蔽迥曛?，我得到了應(yīng)有的10%的加薪，而且升職了。給自己升職的機(jī)會(huì)。倘若多年來(lái)你一直不滿意自己報(bào)酬的增加幅度，或者說(shuō)你的報(bào)酬已達(dá)到公司所能給你的極限，那么是你修改潤(rùn)色個(gè)人履歷，尋找另一份工作的時(shí)候了。首先要關(guān)注的是公司里的職位。許多人是因?yàn)樘钛a(bǔ)了公司的空缺職位而擁有了一份正式的工作。嘗試你感興趣的工作無(wú)論你是否完全具備資格?！爱?dāng)我申請(qǐng)我所在的公司里的財(cái)務(wù)經(jīng)理助理位置的時(shí)候，每個(gè)人都非常吃驚?！币晃粡氖轮圃鞓I(yè)的營(yíng)銷員說(shuō)，“我表現(xiàn)很好，但是由于壓力太大，有點(diǎn)精疲力竭。盡管我清楚我的資格不夠，但還是申請(qǐng)了那份工作?！睜I(yíng)銷員沒(méi)有得到那份工作，但是至少管理部門現(xiàn)在注意到了一位積極向上的候選人?！拔颐靼孜倚枰氖谦@得MBA的學(xué)位，所以一年之內(nèi)，我申請(qǐng)參加了公司在附近一所大學(xué)舉辦的專門畢業(yè)培訓(xùn)?！睜I(yíng)銷員說(shuō)，“我還在讀學(xué)位，而且還是一位營(yíng)銷員但是我知道當(dāng)我完成我的計(jì)劃的時(shí)候，我就是第二匹有可能填補(bǔ)財(cái)務(wù)部門任何空缺的黑馬。”申請(qǐng)公開張貼招聘的工作是讓老板知道你擁有重要技能而沒(méi)有發(fā)揮的一種方法。抓住每一次遇到的機(jī)會(huì)，你將會(huì)成為不可代替的重要人物，一個(gè)沒(méi)有必要問(wèn)你的價(jià)值大小的人物。Questions for Comprehension1.the strategies the author recommended people to use when they apply for a position：The author listed five strategies that work best.o Dont be afraid to say you are qualified to do a different job or to move ahead;o Be an A player. The raises go to those the company considers its A players;o Take advantage of performance reviews;o Have a backup plan;o Give yourself a raise, that is, search for a better job. Exercise for words:1. b2. a3. c4. a 5. d6. b7. a8. c 3 Grammar workWhile/As/When . Clausewhen, as, while 和whenever都可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。when 表示具體某個(gè)時(shí)間，引導(dǎo)的從句的動(dòng)作可與主句同時(shí)發(fā)生或先于主句發(fā)生，可指一段時(shí)間也可指一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)。when 有一個(gè)用法是在主句動(dòng)作進(jìn)行過(guò)程中，從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生了。而while只能表示持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，不能表示一時(shí)性或短暫的動(dòng)作，as表示的從句的動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，具有延續(xù)含義。as和while可譯為“一邊一邊”、“正當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”。whenever指任何一個(gè)不具體的時(shí)間。1. He entered the room when (while, as) the meeting was going on. （正當(dāng)，表示一段時(shí)間）2. When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you. （表示一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，不能用while）3. His mother was just coming along to see him when she ran into his classmate John. （when 引導(dǎo)的從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)由and連接的并列分句，這里只能用when，意為“在那時(shí)”）4. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave when something occurred which attracted my attention. (在主句動(dòng)作進(jìn)行過(guò)程中，從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，這是一種主從關(guān)系顛倒的現(xiàn)象)5. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. （指任何一個(gè)不具體的時(shí)間）a. Join the following sentences by using time conjunctions when, while, or as. Make changes if necessary. 1.My mother burnt her fingers while/when/as she was lifting the kettle off the stove. 2.When the dog saw the burglar, it barked and barked until its master woke up.3.The pupils pretended to be hard at work when/as they saw their teacher coming down the corridor.4.When all the gu