10020701課件_信息檢索_第2講.ppt

信息檢索與文獻閱讀 化學(xué)0701 0702 2009年9月10日 第一部分化學(xué)專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)英語閱讀 20學(xué)時 第二部分英文閱讀材料 12學(xué)時 第三部分信息檢索 16學(xué)時 第一章作為定量科學(xué)和物質(zhì)科學(xué)的化學(xué)第二章原子 分子和離子第三章氣態(tài)第四章熱化學(xué)第五章有機化合物和基團的命名第六章無機化學(xué) 有機化學(xué) 物理化學(xué) 分析化學(xué)化學(xué)術(shù)語 第一部分化學(xué)專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)英語閱讀 20學(xué)時 第二部分英文閱讀材料 12學(xué)時 第一章松香酸度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測試方法第二章 族半導(dǎo)體制備的新方法 InP納米晶的超聲化學(xué)合成第三章分子離子材料的計算機模擬第四章透射Laue法的X射線衍射第五章銷售合同第六章專利說明書 第三部分信息檢索 16學(xué)時 第一章信息檢索基礎(chǔ)第二章超星圖書館第三章中國期刊網(wǎng)第四章維普第五章工程索引 Ei 第六章美國化學(xué)文摘 CA 第七章專利 教材和參考書 1 魏高原 化學(xué)專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)英語知識 I IntroductoryChemistrySpecialityEnglish 北京大學(xué)出版社 2004 2 ReadingMaterials 自編講義 3 陳英 科技信息檢索 第二版 科學(xué)出版社 2005 4 萬錫仁 InformationRetrievalandRelatedReadingMaterials 待出版 5 美 PhilipBall著 魏高原等注釋 化學(xué)專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)英語 II 北京大學(xué)出版社 2001 課堂教學(xué)內(nèi)容安排 第一節(jié)課 教學(xué)要求說明 詞匯預(yù)習(xí) 課文閱讀理解 第二節(jié)課 課文閱讀理解 續(xù) 答疑 布置課后作業(yè) 課堂書面練習(xí) Chapter2Atoms Molecules andIons 第二章原子 分子和離子 一 教學(xué)要求掌握 化學(xué)中化合物分子式 化學(xué)方程式的表示 無機化合物的命名 原子質(zhì)量 分子質(zhì)量和摩爾質(zhì)量關(guān)系及簡單計算 常用原子 分子和離子的英語詞匯 熟悉 原子 分子和離子的英語詞匯 了解 原子和離子的分類和基本概念 二 詞匯 NewWordsandExpressions combination化合compound化合物substance物質(zhì)composition組成polyatomic多原子的referto as稱為anion anionic 陰離子cation cationic 陽離子chemicalformula化學(xué)式 MonatomicMoleculesDiatomicMoleculesHeHeliumH2HydrogenNeNeonO2OxygenArArgonN2nitrogenKrKryptonF2fluorineXeXenonC12chlorineRnRadonI2iodinePolyatomicMoleculesP4PhosphorusAs4ArsenicSb4AntimonyS8SulfurSe8Selenium ChemicalFormulasforMoleculesofElements subscript下標(biāo)structuralformula結(jié)構(gòu)式chemicalbond化學(xué)鍵 ChemicalformulasforSomeSimpleCompounds waterH2OcarbonmonoxideCOcarbondioxideCO2sulfurdioxideSO2silversulfideAg2SpotassiumchlorideKClammoniaNH3methaneCH4 NH4 AmmoniumionNO2 NitriteionCN CyanideionNO3 NitrateionCO32 CarbonateionO22 PeroxideionClO3 ChlorateionOH HydroxideionC1O4 PerchlorateionPO43 PhosphateionCrO42 ChromateionSO32 SulfiteionCr2O2 DichromateionSO42 SulfateionMnO4 PermanganateionCH3COO Acetateion PolyatomicIons Structureformulas knowncollectivelyas 統(tǒng)稱為 parenthesis parentheses 括號salt鹽binarymolecularcompound二元分子化合物prefix前綴 Mn2 manganese II ionMn3 manganese III ionCu copper I ionCu2 copper II ionCl chlorideionO2 oxideionN3 nitrideionN3 azideionO22 peroxideionCuClcopper I chlorideCuCl2copper II chlorideNa3PsodiumphosphideA12 SO4 3aluminumsulfate hydrochloricacidHCl aq carbonicacidH2CO3 aq nitricacidHNO3perchloricacidHClO4phosphoricacidH3PO4sulfuricacidH2SO4nitrousacidHNO2 aq sulfurousacidH2SO3 aq phosphorousacidH3PO3arseniousacidHAsO2 Acid seleniousacidH2SeO3selenicacidH2SeO4 ChlorideionC1 CarbonateionCO32 HydrogencarbonateionHCO3 NitrateionNO3 NitriteionNO2 PerchlorateionC1O4 PhosphateionPO43 HydrogenphosphateionHPO42 DihydrogenphosphateionH2PO4 HydrogenphosphiteionHPO32 SulfateionSO42 HydrogensulfateionHSO4 SulfiteionSO32 HydrogensulfiteionHSO3 ic 酸 ite 亞 酸 ate 酸 鹽 ous 亞 酸 鹽 ide 化物 GreekandLatinprefixMono 1Di 2Tri 3Tetra 4Penta 5Hexa 6Hepta 7Octa 8Nona 9Deca 10 chemicalequation化學(xué)方程式reactant反應(yīng)物product產(chǎn)物aqueoussolution水溶液positiveandnegativeions正離子和負離子dissolution溶解dissociation解離ionization電離 molarmass摩爾質(zhì)量Avogadro snumber Avogadro常數(shù) microscopic微觀的macroscopic宏觀的ozonemolecule臭氧分子molarity摩爾濃度concentration濃度quantitative定量的qualitative定性的 sodiumhydroxide氫氧化鈉laboratory實驗室empiricalformula經(jīng)驗式potassium鉀percentagecomposition百分組成cryoliten 冰晶石 氟鋁酸鈉fluorine氟 三 課文的閱讀理解 學(xué)生閱讀課文5 10分鐘 教師指定學(xué)生逐段朗讀課文 并翻譯成中文 教師及時評講 3 1AtomsandIonsinCombination 化合狀態(tài)中的原子和離子 MolecularandIonicCompounds 分子化合物和離子化合物 Whentwoormoreatomscombinechemicallytheyformamolecule Amoleculeisthesmallestparticleofapuresubstancethathasthecompositionandpropertiesofthatsubstanceandiscapableofindependentexistence Thenaturallyoccurringformsofsomeelementsarediatomicmolecules moleculesconsistingoftwoatoms orpolyatomicmolecules whichcontainmorethantwoatoms Werefertothecompoundscomposedofmoleculesasmolecularcompounds Whenanatomgainsoneormoreelectronsitacquiresanegativechargeandisknownasananion whenanatomlosesoneormoreelectronsitacquiresapositivechargeandisknownasacation Anioniccompound e g NaCl consistsofpositiveandnegativeions Na andCl heldtogetherbyelectricalattraction Thechemicalformulaofanioniccompoundgivestheratioofions butindividualmoleculesarenotordinarilypresent 2 FormulasforChemicalCompounds 2 化合物的化學(xué)式 Achemicalformulagivesthesymbolsfortheelementsinacompoundwithsubscriptsindicatingthenumberofatomsofeachelementpresent Foramolecularcompound theformularepresentsthenumberofatomsinonemolecule Foranioniccompound theformulagivestheratioofionspresentinthesimplestunit oroneformulaunit Astructuralformulaisessentiallyadiagramshowinghowtheatomsinacompoundorionarelinkedtoeachotherbychemicalbonds TheformulaMg2 NO3 2isread M G N oh three taken twice 3 NamingChemicalCompounds 3化合物命名 Therulesthatgovernthenamingofchemicalcompoundsareknowncollectivelyas 統(tǒng)稱為 chemicalnomenclature命名法 IntheStocksystem thenameofacationconsistsofthenameoftheelement thechargeontheionasaRomannumeralinparentheses parenthesis 圓括號 單數(shù) andtheword ion Thenameofamonatomicanion e g Cl consistsofthenameoftheelementwiththeending ide followedbytheword ion Abinarycompoundisonecontainingatomsorionsofonlytwoelements Saltsareioniccompoundsformedbetweencationsandtheanionsofacids Forbinarymolecularcompounds prefixesareusedtoindicatethenumberofatomsofeachelementpresent 4 ChemicalEquations 4 化學(xué)方程式 Thesubstancesthatundergochangesinachemicalreactionarecalledthereactants andthenewsubstancesformedaretheproducts Thechemicalchangethattakesplaceisrepresentedwithsymbolsandformulasinachemicalequation Allchemicalequationsmustbebalanced thecorrectcoefficientsmustbeusedforeachspeciessothatalltheatomsofeachelementinthereactantscanbeaccountedfor解釋 說明intheproducts Informationaboutthestatesofreactantsandproductsmaybeprovidedbysymbolsaftertheformulas g forgas l forliquid s forsolid and aq forsubstancesinaqueoussolution Thetransformationofaneutralioniccompoundintopositiveandnegativeions usuallybydissolution溶解inwater iscalleddissociation 解離 Theformationofionsfromamolecularcompoundisknownasionization 電離 Forexample 3 2Atomic Molecular andMolarMassRelationships 3 2原子 分子和摩爾質(zhì)量的關(guān)系 1 MolecularMass 1 分子質(zhì)量 Themolecularmassofachemicalcompoundisthesumoftheatomicmasses inatomicmassunits ofalltheatomsintheformulaofthecompound Forexample 2 Avogadro sNumber TheMole andMolarMass 2 阿佛加德羅常數(shù) 摩爾和摩爾質(zhì)量 Avogadro snumberisthenumberofatomsinexactly12gofcarbon 12 itisequalto6 022 1023 AmoleisanumberofanythingequaltoAvogadro snumber Themoleistheunitthatprovidestheconnectionbetweenmassesonthemicroscopiclevel measuredinatomicmassunits andmassesonthemacroscopiclevel measuredingrams Themolarmassofasubstanceisthemassingramsofonemoleofthatsubstance e g 1Howmanyozonemoleculesandhowmanyoxygenatomsarepresentin48 00gofozone O3 3 Molarity摩爾濃度 M Molarmass摩爾量inSolutions 3摩爾濃度 溶液中的摩爾量 Theconcentrationofasubstanceinsolutionisaquantitativestatementoftheamountofsoluteinagivenamountofsolventorsolution Concentrationsareoftengiveninmolesperliterofsolution ormolarity M e g 1Anexperimentcalledfortheadditionof1 50molofNaOHintheformofadilutesolution Theonlysodiumhydroxidesolutionthatcouldbefoundinthelaboratorywasa2Lcontainermarked 0 1035MNaOH Whatvolumeofthissolutionwouldberequiredforthe1 50molofNaOH Ifthe2Lcontainerwasfull wouldthisbeenough Whatvolumeofthissolutionwouldberequiredforthe1 50molofNaOH Ifthe2Lcontainerwasfull wouldthisbeenough 1 50molNaOH 1L 0 1035molNaOH 14 5LNotenough 3 3CompositionofaChemicalCompound SimplestandEmpiricalFormulas andMolecularFormulas 3 3化合物的組成 最簡式和經(jīng)驗式和分子式 Thepercentage bymass ofeachelementpresentinachemicalcompoundisitspercentagecomposition Thesimplestformulaofacompoundgivesthesimplestwhole numberratiooftheatomsitcontains Anexperimentallydeterminedsimplestformulaiscalledanempiricalformula itcanbedeterminedfromthepercentagecompositionandthemolarmassesoftheelementspresent Themolecularformulaofacompoundrepresentstheactualnumberofatomsofeachelementpresentinamolecule Tofindthemolecularformulaofacompounditisnecessarytoknowbothitsempiricalformulaanditsmolecularormolarmass whichisusuallysomemultipleofthemasscalculatedfromtheempiricalformula e g 1A3 91gsampleofpotassiummetalwhenburnedinoxygenformedacompoundweighing7 11gandcontainingonlypotassiumandoxygen Whatisthepercentagecompositionofthiscompound K 3 91gK 7 11gcompound 100 55 0 O 1 0 55 100 45 0 e g 2Themineralcryoliten 冰晶石 氟鋁酸鈉contains33 bymassofNa 13 bymassofAl and54 bymassofF fluorine Determinetheempiricalformulaofthecompound e g 3TheempiricalformulaforasubstancewasdeterminedtobeCH Theapproximatemolarmassofthesubstancewasexperimentallyfoundtobe79g Whatisthemolecularformulaofthismolecularcompound Whatistheexactmolarmass 四 答疑 一般情況下 爭對學(xué)生提出的問題進行個別答疑 1 TranslatethetechnicaltermsinthetextintoChinesebyreferringtorelevantdictionaries 2 page24 25 01 a b 02 a b 05 103 TranslatethistextintoChinese 五 課后作業(yè) Exercises 01Writetheformulaforeachofthefollowingsimplecationsandanions simplebinarycompounds saltsofpolyatomicions andmorecomplexbinarymolecularcompounds a sodiumion zincion silverion mercury I ion iron II ion lithiumion bismuth 化 鉍 ion iron I ion chromium ion potassiumion phosphide磷化物ion sulfideion telluride碲化物ion chlorideion andiodideion b sodiumfluoride zincoxide bariumperoxide magnesiumbromide hydrogeniodide sodiumazide calciumphosphide iron II oxide silverfluoride copper I chloride potassiumazide manganese oxide andiron oxide 02Writeachemicalequationrepresentingeachofthefollowingreactions a solidaluminumsulfidereactswithliquidwatertogivesolidaluminumhydroxideandgaseoushydrogensulfideand b gaseousozonereactswithgaseousnitrogenmonoxidetoproducegaseousnitrogendioxideandgaseousoxygen 05WhatmassofA12 SO4 3willcontainanumberofA13 ionsequaltoAvogadro snumber WhatmassofA12 SO4 3willcontainatotalnumberofionsequalto Avogadro snumber WhatmassofA12 SO4 3willcontainatotalnumberofatomsequaltoAvogadro snumber 10A1 000gsampleofanalcoholwasburnedinoxygenandproduced1 913gofCO2and1 174gofH2O ThealcoholcontainedonlyC H andO Whatistheempiricalformulaofthealcohol 預(yù)習(xí)內(nèi)容 復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容 1 復(fù)習(xí)和整理本課文的專業(yè)詞匯 2 本課文的全文翻譯 Chapter3TheGaseousState 六 課堂練習(xí) 請將下列英文翻譯成中文 Mangmetalsareusedinconditionswheretheymaybeaffectedbytheatmosphereandmoisture socorrosionbytheattackofthesetwomediaisthemostfamiliarkind Forexample thesteelworkofalanding stageattheseasidetendstobecomebadlycorrodedbecausetheregularimmersioninseawaterwiththeriseandfallofthetidecausesevenmoreintensecorrosionthantherewouldbeifthesteelwerepermanentlycoveredbythesea Arailwaylineinacountrydistrictmaylastseventyyearsbutinatunnelthelifemaybeonly3to8years 將下列詞匯翻譯成中文 combinationcompoundsubstancecompositionpolyatomicreferto asanion anionic cation cationic chemicalformula MonatomicMoleculesDiatomicMoleculesPolyatomicMoleculesHeliumHydrogenPhosphorusNeonOxygenArsenicArgonNitrogenAntimonyKryptonFluorineSulfurXenonChlorineSeleniumRadonIodine ChemicalFormulasforMoleculesofElements subscriptstructuralformulachemicalbond ChemicalformulasforSomeSimpleCompounds watercarbonmonoxidecarbondioxidesulfurdioxidesilversulfidepotassiumchlorideammoniamethane NH4 AmmoniumionNO2 NitriteionCN CyanideionNO3 NitrateionCO32 CarbonateionO22 PeroxideionClO3 ChlorateionOH HydroxideionC1O4 PerchlorateionPO43 PhosphateionCrO42 ChromateionSO32 SulfiteionCr2O2 DichromateionSO42 SulfateionMnO4 PermanganateionCH3COO Acetateion PolyatomicIons Structureformulas knowncollectivelyasparentheses parenthesis saltbinarymolecularcompoundprefix Mn2 manganese II ionMn3 nanganese I ionCu copper I ionCu2 copper II ionCl chlorideionO2 oxideionN3 nitrideionN3 azideionO22 peroxideionCuClcopper I chlorideCuCl2copper II chlorideNa3PsodiumphosphideA12 SO4 3aluminumsulfate hydrochloricacidHCl aq carbonicacidH2CO3 aq nitricacidHNO3nitrousacidHNO2 aq perchloricacidHClO4phosphoricacidH3PO4sulfuricacidH2SO4sulfurousacidH2SO3 aq phosphorousacidH3PO3arseniousacidHAsO2 Acid seleniousacidH2SeO3selenicacidH2SeO4 ChlorideionC1 CarbonateionCO32 HydrogencarbonateionHCO3 NitrateionNO3 NitriteionNO2 PerchlorateionC1O4 PhosphateionPO43 HydrogenphosphateionHPO42 DihydrogenphosphateionH2PO4 HydrogenphosphiteionHPO32 SulfateionSO42 HydrogensulfateionHSO4 SulfiteionSO32 HydrogensulfiteionHSO3 GreekandLatinprefixMono 1Di 2Tri 3Tetra 4Penta 5Hexa 6Hepta 7Octa 8Nona 9Deca 10 chemicalequationreactantproductaqueoussolutionpositiveandnegativeionsdissolutiondissociationionization molarmassAvogadro numbermicroscopicmacroscopicozonemoleculemolarityconcentrationquantitativequalitative sodiumhydroxidelaboratoryempiricalformulapotassiumpercentagecompositioncryolitefluorine 01Writetheformulaforeachofthefollowingsimplecationsandanions simplebinarycompounds saltsofpolyatomicions andmorecomplexbinarymolecularcompounds a sodiumion zincion silverion mercury I ion iron II ion lithiumion bismuth 化 鉍 ion iron I ion chromium ion potassiumion phosphide磷化物ion sulfideion telluride碲化物ion chlorideion andiodideion b sodiumfluoride zincoxide bariumperoxide magnesiumbromide hydrogeniodide sodiumazi