裕興新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)筆記完美打印版.doc

Lesson 1 A private conversation 【New words and expressions】private adj. 私人的private life 私生活 private school 私立學(xué)校 adj. 普通的 private citizen 普通公民Im a private citizen. (citizen n. 公民)private soldier 大兵Private Ryan拯救大兵瑞恩)public adj. 公眾的，公開的(private的反義詞)public school 公立學(xué)校 public letter 公開信 public place 公共場(chǎng)所 privacy n.隱私Its privacy. 這是我的隱私!(不愿讓別人知道的)conversation n.談話have a + talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip 名詞變動(dòng)詞conversation 一般用于正式文體中, 內(nèi)容上往往不正式subject of conversation 話題They are having a conversation.talk 內(nèi)容可正式可不正式, 也可以私人 Lets have a talk.dialogue 對(duì)話, 可以指正式國(guó)家與國(guó)家會(huì)談 China and Korea are having a dialogue.chat 閑聊，就是北京人說(shuō)的“侃”，無(wú)關(guān)緊要的事。gossip 嚼舌頭, 說(shuō)長(zhǎng)道短theatre n.劇場(chǎng), 戲劇cinema n.電影院seat n.座位 have a good seat/place，這里的seat指place(指地點(diǎn))，而不是chair. take a seat/take your seat 坐下來(lái), 就坐Is the seat taken? 這個(gè)位置有人嗎?請(qǐng)坐的3種說(shuō)法 : Sit down, please. (命令性)Take your seat, please.Be seated, please. (更禮貌)作為動(dòng)詞的seat與sit的區(qū)別sit(sat，)vi. 就座He is sitting there.他坐在那兒。seat vt.讓某人就座Seat yourself.seat sb. 讓某人就坐，后面會(huì)加人You seat him.你給他找個(gè)位置. When all those present(到場(chǎng)者)_D_ he began his lecture.A. sit B. set C. seated D. were seatedsit down 坐下；be seated=take a seat 就坐angry adj. 生氣的angrily adv. 生氣的 angry =cross I was angry. /He was cross.annoyed: 惱火的; be blue in the face 臉上突然變色程 I was annoyed. 度 I was angry/cross.加 I was very angry.深 I am blue in the face. (臉色都青了,相當(dāng)生氣)attention n. 注意Attention ,please. 請(qǐng)注意(口語(yǔ))pay attention 注意pay attention to 對(duì)注意You must pay attention to that girl.pay a little attention 稍加注意pay much attention 多加注意pay more attention 更多注意pay no attention 不用注意pay close attention 特別注意bear(bore, born) v. 容忍 vt. 承受，支撐，承擔(dān)，負(fù)擔(dān)Can the ice bear my weight?Who will bear the cost? 誰(shuí)來(lái)承擔(dān)這筆費(fèi)用？ vt. 忍受(與can/could連用于疑問及否定句中)She eats too fast. I cant bear to watch/watching her. How can you bear living in this place? bear =stand =put up with I cant bear/stand you.endure:忍受,容忍、put up with :忍受I got divorced(離婚).I could not put up with himbear/stand/endure 忍受的極限在加大bear n.熊 white bear 白熊bear hug :熱情(熱烈)的擁抱give sb. a bear hugbusiness n. 事, 生意 n. 生意 business man :生意人/do business: 做生意 go to some place on business:因公出差 n. 某人自己的私人的事情Its my business. (指私人的事, 自己處理的事) Its none of your business. 不關(guān)你的事。rudely adv. 無(wú)禮地, 粗魯?shù)豶ude adj. pay vt. &vi. 支付 vt. &vi. 支付(價(jià)款等)You can pay a deposit of thirty pounds 您可以先付30英鎊的定金Ill pay by installments.(payfor sth. 花/支付(錢)買) vt. &vi. 給予(注意等)；去(訪問)They did not pay any attention.We paid a visit to our teacher last Sunday. n. 工資，報(bào)酬I have not received my pay yet. 【課文講解】1、Last week I went to the theatre.動(dòng)詞go的原義是離開一個(gè)地方去另一個(gè)地方，與介詞to連用后，常加上主語(yǔ)所要去的目的來(lái)代表主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作目的。go to the +地點(diǎn) 表示去某地干嘛go to the theatre = go to the theatre to see a play去劇場(chǎng)看戲go to the cinema =see a film去電影院看電影go to the dairy 去牛奶店go to the + 人 + s 表示去這個(gè)人開的店go to the doctors 去看?。籫o to the butchers 買肉以下短語(yǔ)中名詞前不加冠詞：go to school 去上學(xué)；go to church 去做禮拜；go to hospital(醫(yī)院) 去看?。籫o to bed 上床，睡覺；go home(跟home相連一定表無(wú)事情可做,回家休息)I am at home. 在家休息2、I had a very good seat.seat一般指戲院、汽車等配置的固定座位，也可以抽象地表示“座位”或“位子”等概念。the front seat of a car 汽車的前座Take a seat, please. 請(qǐng)坐。3、I did not enjoy it. enjoy +n. 喜歡,從當(dāng)中得到一種享受(后面不能跟人I enjoy the music. /the dinner/film/program/game enjoy oneself/代詞 玩的開心We always enjoy ourselves. enjoy +動(dòng)名詞Jane doesnt enjoy swimming. 4、I got very angry. get在這里有“逐漸變得”的含義，接近become，是個(gè)表示過(guò)程的動(dòng)詞，表示狀態(tài)的變化。而I was very angry則僅表示當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)是生氣，并不暗示過(guò)程。I am/was angry. 是一個(gè)事實(shí)、I got angry. 強(qiáng)調(diào)變化過(guò)程It is hot.、It got hot.got取代be動(dòng)詞，got是半系動(dòng)詞,可直接加形容詞。5、I could not hear the actors. I turned round.hear+人:聽見某人的話I could not hear you. Beg your pardon?I couldnt hear you./I couldnt hear a word./I couldnt catch your words.I couldnt hear you clearly./I couldnt catch your words.Beg your pardon? /I couldnt catch your words.turn round =turn around 轉(zhuǎn)身6、In the end, I could not bear it.in the end 最后，終于，表示一段較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間之后或某種努力之后 She tried hard to finish her homework by herself. In the end, she had to ask her brother for help.7、I cant hear a word!I cant hear a word.美音:肯定I can kAn 否定,I cantkAnt/,它的/t/是吞進(jìn)去的, 在讀音上很難區(qū)別, 只能根據(jù)上下文來(lái)定hear a word of sb. (a word 等于一句話)He didnt say a word.May I speak to Jim?/May I have a word with Jim?8、Its none of your business.ones business 指某人(所關(guān)心的或份內(nèi))的事Its none of your business./None of your business./Its my business. 不關(guān)你的事。It is my business to look after your health. none相當(dāng)于not any或no one，但語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。She kept none of his letters. none of 這個(gè)短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以表達(dá)一種斷然、甚至粗暴的口氣，尤其是在祈使句中：None of your silly remarks! 別說(shuō)傻話了！【Key structures】簡(jiǎn)單陳述句的語(yǔ)序陳述句一定是有主語(yǔ),有動(dòng)詞,有賓語(yǔ),有句號(hào)1 -主語(yǔ)，一般由名詞、代詞或名詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成，通常位于動(dòng)詞之前，動(dòng)詞必須與主語(yǔ)一致，即主語(yǔ)決定動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式2 -謂語(yǔ)，由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)3 -賓語(yǔ)，一般為名詞、代詞或名詞短語(yǔ)4 -副詞或介詞短語(yǔ),對(duì)方式或狀態(tài)提問,往往做狀語(yǔ) I like her very much5 -地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，一般在方式副詞之后，時(shí)間副詞之前6 -時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，可以放在句首或句末 簡(jiǎn)單陳述句一定不能少的是主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ). 如果問何時(shí)何地,是一個(gè)固定搭配 when and whereMultiple choice 7 The young man and the young woman paid _d_ attention to the writer.a. none b. any c. not any d. nonone代詞，沒有任何東西、沒有任何人 None knows./None of us knows.not否定詞,要放在非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞后面not any=no He didnt pay attention.no形容詞、修飾名詞I dont have any friends./I have no friends.I have no time./I dont have any time.11 The writer could not bear it. He could not _c_ it. a. carry b. suffer c. stand d. liftbear 忍受=standsuffer 遭受,忍受 (精神或肉體上)痛苦，suffer后面必須加一種痛苦I suffer the headache.(肉體上的痛苦)He often suffers defeat.(精神上痛苦)Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 【New words and expressions】(5)until prep.直到until用于表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)等的持續(xù)，可譯為“一直到為止”或“在以前”。在肯定句中，它與表示持續(xù)性狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞連用，表示持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻：Ill wait here until 5. 我會(huì)在這里等到5點(diǎn)鐘。在否定句中，它通常與描述短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞連用，表示“到為止”、“直到才”：She cannot arrive until 6. 她到6點(diǎn)才能來(lái)。His father didnt die until he came back. until(后的從句)的時(shí)間終止之前,這個(gè)動(dòng)作做了還是沒做？做了前面的主句用肯定；沒做用否定For he _A(C)_(wait) until it stopped raining. A. waited B. didnt waitA. leave B. left C. didnt leaveoutside adv. 外面(作狀語(yǔ))He is waiting for me outside.ring(rang. rung) v.(鈴、電話等)響 vt. 鳴，(鈴、電話等)響(這種響是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事)Every morning the clock rings at 6.The telephone(door bell) is ringing.而風(fēng)鈴等響要用jingle，jingle (bell) (鈴兒) 響叮當(dāng) vt. 打電話給(美語(yǔ)中用call)ring sb. 給某人打電話 n. (打)電話give sb. a ringRemember to give me a ring. /Remember to ring me. n. 戒指aunt n. 姑,姨,嬸,舅媽(所有長(zhǎng)一輩的女性都用這個(gè)稱呼)男性則是uncle: 叔叔 他們的孩子：cousin 堂兄妹(不分男女)cousin的孩子：nephew 外甥；niece 外甥女repeat v. 重復(fù) vt. 重復(fù)Will you repeat the last word? vi. 重做，重說(shuō)Please repeat after me. 【課文講解】1、It was Sunday.it指時(shí)間、天氣、溫度或距離，it被稱為“虛主語(yǔ)”(empty subject)。作為第三人稱單數(shù)的中性代詞，it可以指一件東西、一件事件或用來(lái)指是什么人：It is a lovely baby.2、I never get up early on Sundays.on Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天,與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用，表示經(jīng)常性的行為。介詞on一般用于表示某一天的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)中：on Monday，on Monday morning，on that day當(dāng)使用last，next，this，that時(shí)，介詞(以及定冠詞)必須省略：Ill see you next/this Friday.never 從來(lái)不 (可以直接用在動(dòng)詞前面)=助動(dòng)詞+not (變成否定句,前面一定要加助動(dòng)詞)I dont like her.=I never like her.3、I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.在表達(dá)臥床時(shí)bed前不需加冠詞：Its time for bed now.You must stay/remain in bed for another two days. 4、Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.just then: 就在那時(shí)如果不知道對(duì)方性別, 他/她可以用it取代Who are you?/Who is it?5、Ive just arrived by train,by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修飾詞, 復(fù)數(shù))；如果加修飾詞, 就要換掉by用in或onI go out in/on two buses. (指具體的兩輛車介詞用in/on)如果是特指的交通工具，則要加冠詞或其他限定詞：My aunt left by the 9:15 train.by air 乘飛機(jī) by bicycle/bike 騎自行車by boat乘船by bus 乘公共汽車by car乘小汽車by land 由陸路by plane 乘飛機(jī)by sea 由海路by ship乘船by train 乘火車6、Im coming to see you. 我將要來(lái)看你. 用 come 的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) be coming 表示一般將來(lái)，表示近期按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。同樣用法的動(dòng)詞有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join7、Dear me!天哪!英國(guó)人說(shuō)Dear me!或My dear!美國(guó)人說(shuō) : My god! (發(fā)啊的音)美英的發(fā)音不同. 【Key structures】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話的當(dāng)時(shí)正在發(fā)生或正在發(fā)生的事件,也用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)階段(一段時(shí)間)的動(dòng)向。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與now，just，still等副詞連用：I am working as a teacher. 現(xiàn)階段He is still sleeping. (現(xiàn)在還在睡覺)Jane is just dressing up. 簡(jiǎn)正在打扮。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作, 真理, 是過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)都會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般與頻率副詞often，always，sometimes，never，frequently，rarely，ever等連用。Helen never writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings him.頻率副詞往往放在句子中的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前, 非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞后；如果既有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又有非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 要放在兩個(gè)之間；疑問句中副詞往往放在主語(yǔ)后面。在否定句中not必須放在always之前，而且也出現(xiàn)在generally、normally、often、regularly和usually之前；not必須出現(xiàn)在sometimes和frequently之后。表示肯定的速記可以用在句尾；在特別強(qiáng)調(diào)和需要對(duì)比時(shí)，frequently、generally、normally、sometimes、usually等副詞可用于句首。I get paid on Friday usually. very often the phone rings when Im in bath.非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 : 系動(dòng)詞(be) 幫助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(must, can, may) 除此外皆實(shí)義動(dòng)詞. I frequently go to bed hungry. (形容詞作狀語(yǔ))He went to school hungry.餓著肚子上學(xué). You must come here hungry.空腹來(lái)這里. 【Special Difficulties】 以what開頭的感嘆句：在英語(yǔ)中可用what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句來(lái)表示驚奇、憤怒、贊賞、喜悅等感情，在感嘆中主謂語(yǔ)采用正常語(yǔ)序。What 對(duì)名詞感嘆，結(jié)構(gòu)：What +a/an (+adj.)+n.(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))!What a good girl (she is)! (主、謂可省)有上下文和一定的語(yǔ)境, 才能省略形容詞。一般省形容詞表示批評(píng)或不大好的意思。What a thing to say! 多么難聽的話啊！What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)!【Multiple choice questions】8 He _a_ out of the window and saw that it was raining.a. looked b. saw c. remarkedd. watchedlook 表示看的動(dòng)作，后面一定要加介詞see 表示看的結(jié)果，后面直接加賓語(yǔ)watch 表示觀看，后面直接加賓語(yǔ), 但賓語(yǔ)一定是能夠活動(dòng)的東西look at pictures (對(duì))；watch pictures(錯(cuò))11 Breakfast is the first _d_ of the day.a. food b. dinnerc. lunch d. meallunch 中餐 food 食物 dinner 正餐 一天中最豐盛的那頓飯, 可能是中餐, 也可能是晚餐, 但決不會(huì)是早餐. meal 一頓飯Lesson 3 Please Send Me a Card 【New words and expressions】(11)send v. 寄, 送send sth. to sb. /send sb. sth. 給某人送(寄)東西send/take children to school：take強(qiáng)調(diào)某人親自送；send則是通過(guò)第三人去送, 如美國(guó)的校車 take flowers to his wife 自己送send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送postcard n. 明信片兩個(gè)爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。這里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音name card /visiting card 名片Here is my name card. (口語(yǔ)常用, 同時(shí)伴隨著遞出的動(dòng)作) ID card 身份證 (ID 身份)credit card 信用卡cash card 現(xiàn)金卡儲(chǔ)蓄卡工資卡(不能透支)spoil(spoiled，spoilt) v. 使索然無(wú)味, 損壞 vt. 弄壞，損壞，糟蹋 The rain spoiled the school sports. vt. 寵壞，慣壞，溺愛Dont spoil your children. 不能太慣孩子。spoil: 把東西質(zhì)量變差; 生活中不順心的事;寵壞, 溺愛；break: 打破; break the windows 打破玻璃damage: 破壞, 程度不一定很重destroy : 破壞, 徹底摧毀以上三個(gè)指物理上的破壞;spoil主要指精神上的museum n. 博物館Palace Museum 故宮public adj. 公共的 adj. 公共的，公眾的，社會(huì)的There is a public library in this town.I always sit in public gardens on Sundays. adj. 公開的，眾人皆知的Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later.public house(酒吧簡(jiǎn)稱pub public place 公共場(chǎng)所in public 公開的；in private 私下里的Lets have a conversation in private.讓我們私下談?wù)?-Why not have a conversation in public? 為什么不公開談呢?(當(dāng)面說(shuō)呢?) n. 公眾，群眾，大眾The public is/are pleased with his explanation. 公The museum is open to the public on Sunday.friendly adj. 友好的friendly是形容詞，單獨(dú)使用時(shí)一般做定語(yǔ)；作狀語(yǔ)表人做什么事情很友好, 用短語(yǔ)in a friendly wayHe always greets me in a friendly way.以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞還有l(wèi)ovely，brotherly，fatherly，manly，motherlywaiter n. 服務(wù)員, 招待員waiter(男服務(wù)員), waitress(女服務(wù)員), 只出現(xiàn)在餐館里chief waiter 領(lǐng)班shop assistant 商店里的店員attendant n. (其他公共場(chǎng)所的)服務(wù)員lend v. 借給 lend to(借出)：lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth.borrow from(借進(jìn))：borrow sth. from sb./borrow sth. (borrow不能用 borrow sb sth.) He borrowed my pen yesterday.decision n. 決定make /take a decision作出決定It was not easy for me to make/take this decision.make a big/great decision (big：重大；great：偉大, 更重大) decide v. 決定whole adj. 整個(gè)的 a whole bottle of milk 一整瓶牛奶the whole，the whole day 整天 ，two whole weeks 整整兩星期all th，all the day (the可省略) 整天all of后面如果加代詞, 代詞前面不需要修飾詞；一旦要加名詞, 前面一定要加theall of us；all of the studentssingle adj. 唯一的, 單一的反義詞double 雙倍的【課文講解】1、Last summer, I went to Italy.last： adj. 上一個(gè)last summer adj. 最后一個(gè)，表示“最后一個(gè)”時(shí)要加冠詞thethe last day 最后一天 (具體到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on)2、A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.Italian于Italy 注意重讀音的位置不同teach sb. sth. 教某人做某事He teaches our English.(錯(cuò))He teaches us English.(對(duì))語(yǔ)言不可數(shù), 所以要用a little Italian或a few words of ItalianI can speak a little English/a few words of English.a few可與復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，表示肯定，含有some，a small number of(一些，少數(shù)幾個(gè))的意思。The police would like to ask him a few questions. 警察要問他一些問題。 3、Every day I thought about postcards. think about/of 考慮, 思考，指某一段時(shí)間一直在想/考慮某事, think of還可指想到What do you think of TV program last night?think over 仔細(xì)考慮，反復(fù)思考Whats the weather like today?cold, chilly(非常非常冷), freezeIll freeze.我要凍僵了4、I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!spend與表示時(shí)間的詞或短語(yǔ)連和時(shí)，意思為“花(時(shí)間)”、“度過(guò)”. spend+時(shí)間+地點(diǎn) : 在什么地點(diǎn)我花費(fèi)/度過(guò)了多少時(shí)間I spend three hours in the sea.I spend my weekend at my mothers.I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞)spend還可以表示“花錢”I cant spend any more on this car. 【Key structures】一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的事件、動(dòng)作或情況。它通常指動(dòng)作何時(shí)發(fā)生，而不指動(dòng)作持續(xù)多久。Do you ever catch a cold in the winter?Yes, I caught a cold last winter.【Special Difficulties】 直接賓語(yǔ)與間接賓語(yǔ)雙賓語(yǔ)：直接賓語(yǔ)(表示動(dòng)作結(jié)果，動(dòng)作所涉及的事物)和間接賓語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作目標(biāo)，動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的或?yàn)檎l(shuí)做的，通常是人)。間接賓語(yǔ)大多數(shù)情況下置于直接賓語(yǔ)之前，如果間接賓語(yǔ)在后，間接賓主前必須加“to”(表示動(dòng)作對(duì)什么人做)或“for”(表示動(dòng)作為什么人而做)。give sb. sth./give sth to sb間接賓語(yǔ)在后面時(shí), 其前必須加to(對(duì)而言)或for(為而做)。可以翻譯為“給”、“替”、“為”的，就用for；如果只能翻譯為“給”的, 就用to與to相連的give, take, pass, read, sell, buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owetake flowers to my wife.與for相連的 buy, order, make, findI buy a book for you ./make a cake for youfind sth. for sb./do sb. a favor 幫某人一個(gè)忙Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me? 幫我個(gè)忙Can I order something for you?Can I buy you a bottle of beer ?我請(qǐng)你喝杯酒的意思 【Multiple choice questions】4 _a_ him a few words of Italian? The waiter.a. Who taught b. Who did teach c. What did he teach d. Whom did he teach人做主語(yǔ)提問who 對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問whomwho既可以對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問也可以對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問, 而whom只能對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問如果對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問, 則句子的語(yǔ)序和陳述句語(yǔ)序一樣；如果對(duì)非主語(yǔ)來(lái)提問, 則句子要使用特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句的語(yǔ)序7 He spent the whole day in his room. He was in his room _c_ day.a. the hole b. the all c. all d. all ofall (the) day all of 后面如果加代詞, 代詞前面不需要修飾詞all of us；一旦要加名詞, 前面一定要加theall of the friends all of my friends all of the students11 He made a big decision. He _b_ .a. thought about it b. made up his mind c. changed his mind d. made a wishthink about:考慮、思考、想 make up ones mind:下定決心change ones mind:改變主意 make a wish: 許個(gè)心愿, 愿望, 許愿Lesson 4 An exciting trip 【New words and expressions】(6) exciting adj. 令人興奮的exciting adj. 令人興奮的；excited adj. 興奮的-ed: 自己感到 / -ing:令人感到The news was exciting.exciting boy 令人興奮的男孩I am excited.excite v. 激動(dòng)(這類動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)一定是人，讓后面的人感到)The news excited eresting adj. 令人感到有趣的；interested adj. 感到有意思的interesting maninterest v. 對(duì)感興趣The book interests me. 那本書讓我感到很有趣receive v. 接受, 收到 vt. 接到收到，得到 vt. 招待，接待You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.receive是“收到”，指的是一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，主觀上接受與否不清楚。receive/have a letter from sb.accept 同意接收This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didnt accept it.take則是主動(dòng)的“拿”、“取”I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday.take 也可以作收到 take the exam 接受考試； take advice 接受建議firm n. 商行, 公司 company n. 公司different adj. 不同的 adj. 不同的，相異的(經(jīng)常與from連用)We are planning something different this year. 我們今年有不同的打算。My room is different from yours. adj. 各種各樣的，不同的This department store sells a large number of different things.這家百貨商店出售許多各種各樣的東西。He has visited many different places in China. abroad adv. 在國(guó)外(副詞, 直接和動(dòng)詞連用)go abroad 去國(guó)外/live abroad 國(guó)外定居study abroad 國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)【課文講解】1、I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.同位語(yǔ)：一個(gè)名詞(或短語(yǔ)等)與另一個(gè)名詞(或短語(yǔ))并列而作為其說(shuō)明或限定成分時(shí)稱為同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)與它所補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的成分之間用逗號(hào)隔開。在譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)或者插入主句中，或者另譯為一句，很少像英語(yǔ)中那樣用逗號(hào)隔開。This is John, one of my best friends. 這位是約翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。Mrs. Smith, my neighbor, has never been abroad. 我的鄰居史密斯夫人從來(lái)沒有出過(guò)國(guó)。2、He has been there for six months.one month；two months注意讀音 將/W/省略I have arrived in Beijing. (arrive 是瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和段時(shí)間連用) has been + in 地點(diǎn)He has been in Beijing for one year.3、He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.work for 在上班/任職，強(qiáng)調(diào)workI am working for a school.work in 強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)(在哪個(gè)地方上班)I am working in the New Oriental school.work at 上班 She works at a department store.a number of后面一定要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；通常number前有g(shù)reat，large，good，small，certain等形容詞，數(shù)量大小也隨之改變。a great number of 類似于, 約等于a lot of；A large/great number of our students are Danish.There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework.a lot of 可加可數(shù)名詞也可加不可數(shù)名詞4、He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. has gone to 去了某地沒回來(lái)has been to 曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地, 現(xiàn)在不在那個(gè)地方5、My brother has never been abroad before, so he is fending this trip very exciting.before在句子后是副詞, 譯為“在此之前”，是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志find作“發(fā)現(xiàn)”、“發(fā)覺”講時(shí)賓語(yǔ)往往帶補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(一般為形容詞)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)等。find +賓語(yǔ)+形容詞做賓補(bǔ)find the room clean/find her happybe finding在口語(yǔ)中經(jīng)常使用 Im finding. . . Were finding. . 下面表示狀態(tài)、感覺、情緒、精神活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)：believe，doubt，see，hear，know，understand，belong，think，consider，feel，look，seem，show，mind，have，sound，taste，require，possess，care，like，hate，love，detest，desire【Key structures】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作現(xiàn)存的結(jié)果，或者過(guò)去發(fā)生的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的副詞和副詞短語(yǔ)：before (now)(以前)；its the first time(第一次)；so for(到目前為止)；so far this morning(到上午為止)；up to now(直到現(xiàn)在)；up to the present(直到目前)；just(剛剛)；recently(最近)；already(已經(jīng))；lately(最近)；now(現(xiàn)在)；for 一段時(shí)間；since+時(shí)間；still(還；仍)；at last(終于)；finally(最終)；疑問句和否定句中常用ever，yet，never，notever等。 Ive planted fourteen rose bushes so far this morning. I have lived here for several years now and Ive made many new friends since I have lived here.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可和表示頻度的副詞連用，表示反復(fù)和習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，如often(經(jīng)常)，frequently(屢次)，three times(三次)等。 Ive watched him on TV several times.【Multiple choice questions】3 Tim is in Australia. He went _a_ Australia six months ago. a. to