2011年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)教材閱讀理解新增文章英文+中文+可替換.doc

2011年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)教材閱讀理解新增文章英文+中文+可替換題目 2011年閱讀理解新增文章_綜合類(lèi)第八篇 The State of Marriage Today（C級(jí)）Is there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded: almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse. If this trend continues, it will lead to the breakup of the family, according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association. Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will many at least four times, and extramarital affairs will be even more common than they are now.But what are the reasons for this, and is the picture really so gloomy? The answer to the first question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands as they usually didnt have jobs outside the home. But with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs, this is no longer the case, so they dont feel that the5 need to stay in a failing marriage.In answer to the second question, the outlook may not be as pessimistic as it seems, While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much, so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this. many couples now cohabit and dont bother to marry. These couples are effectively married, but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. In fact, more than 50% of firs marriages survive. The statistics are deceptive because there is a higher number of divorces in second and third marriages than in first marriages.So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isnt. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people: they suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!練習(xí)：1. Which is true about the problem of marriage in the United States today? 美國(guó)當(dāng)代的婚姻存在的問(wèn)題是_。A) Divorce leads to the breakup of the family.離婚導(dǎo)致家庭的破碎。B) Half of the married couples get divorced. 一半的已婚夫妻最終離婚了。C) American people marry more than four times.美國(guó)人一生至少結(jié)四次婚。D) More and more people are getting divorced. 越來(lái)越多的人離婚。（正確答案）2. What does this is no longer the case in paragraph two mean? 現(xiàn)在情況已經(jīng)變了，這句話的意思是_。A) It is not necessary to get married any more.結(jié)婚再也沒(méi)有什么必要了。B) Women do not need a husband any longer. 婦女們不再需要伴侶了。C) Women are not economically dependant any more. 婦女們?cè)诮?jīng)濟(jì)上已經(jīng)不再依賴(lài)了。（正確答案）D) Many wives do well-paying jobs outside home now.現(xiàn)在很多妻子在外面有很好的工作。3. Why may the outlook of marriage not be as gloomy as it appears? 前景似乎不像人們想的那么悲觀的原因_。A) Many people still like to get married. 很多人仍然想結(jié)婚。（正確答案）B) The rate of divorce has actually decreased.離婚率實(shí)際上已經(jīng)降低了。C) Over 50% of the marriages continue to exist.超過(guò)50%的婚姻仍然存在。D) The statistics of divorce is not quite true.關(guān)于離婚的數(shù)據(jù)不真實(shí)。4. How do people usually feel in their marriage life? 人們對(duì)于婚姻生活的感覺(jué)是_ 。A) They are much healthier.他們更健康。B) They feel no longer single.他們不再感覺(jué)到孤單。C) They are more satisfied. 他們更滿(mǎn)意。（正確答案）D) They suffer a lot less.他們?cè)庥龅母佟?. Which of the following about marriage is NOT mentioned in the passage? 以下關(guān)于婚姻的論述下列_沒(méi)有在文中提到。A) There will be more relationships outside marriage.在婚姻以外將有更多的親戚關(guān)系。B) Many people try to get married again after divorce. 很多人離婚之后盡量再一次結(jié)婚。（正確答案）C) Marriage has long been partly an economical need.婚姻一直以來(lái)部分是婚姻的需要。D) It is a fact that most people choose to get married.大多數(shù)人選擇結(jié)婚是一個(gè)事實(shí)。詞匯divorce /div:s/ n. 離婚evidence /evidns/ n. 證據(jù)，跡象futurist /fju:trist/ n. 未來(lái)主義者explode /iksplud/ v. 激增，迅速擴(kuò)大predict /pridikt/ v. 預(yù)言，預(yù)料，預(yù)報(bào)extramarital /,ekstrmritl / adj. 婚外的gloomy /lu:mi/ adj. 陰暗的；令人沮喪的institution /,institju:n/ n. 制度，習(xí)俗o(hù)utlook / autluk/ n. 展望，前景pessimistic /,pesimistik/ adj. 悲觀的cohabit /kuhbit/ v. 同居effectively /ifektivli/ ad. 實(shí)際上statistics /sttistiks/ n. 統(tǒng)計(jì)，統(tǒng)計(jì)資料deceptive /diseptiv/ adj. 迷惑的，騙人的outdated /,autdeitid/ adj. 舊式的，過(guò)時(shí)的indicate /indikeit/ v.表明，暗示consequence / knsi,kwns/ n. 結(jié)果，后果contented /kntentid/ adj.滿(mǎn)足的，滿(mǎn)意的counterpart /kauntp:t/ n. 對(duì)應(yīng)的人（或物）注釋National Family Association: 美國(guó)國(guó)家家庭聯(lián)合會(huì)可替換題目關(guān)鍵知識(shí)點(diǎn)：1. During the past 50 years the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded: almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse.現(xiàn)在幾乎50%的婚姻以離婚告終，證據(jù)顯示，情況還將持續(xù)惡化。2. Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will marry at least four times, and extramarital affairs will be even more common than they are now. 一些未來(lái)學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)，100年后的美國(guó)人將平均至少結(jié)四次婚，而婚外戀甚至將比現(xiàn)在更為普遍。3. But what are the reasons for this, and is the picture really so gloomy? The answer to the first question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. 那問(wèn)題的原因是什么？現(xiàn)狀真的如此糟糕嗎？第一個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案十分簡(jiǎn)單：婚姻早已不像它過(guò)去那樣非有不可了。4. But with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs, this is no longer the case, so they dont feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage. 現(xiàn)在，隨著高薪女性的增多，情況也已經(jīng)改變。因此，她們覺(jué)得沒(méi)有必要被一段失敗的婚姻捆住手腳。5. In answer to the second question, the outlook may not be as pessimistic as it seems, While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much, so marriage is still quite popular. 回答第二個(gè)問(wèn)題，前景似乎不像它看起來(lái)那么令人悲觀。盡管離婚率升高，但世紀(jì)結(jié)婚率并沒(méi)有下降，所以說(shuō)結(jié)婚還是挺流行的。6. In addition to this. many couples now cohabit and dont bother to marry. 。除此之外，現(xiàn)在許多戀人同居但并不急著領(lǐng)證。7. These couples are effectively married, but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. 這些人事實(shí)上已經(jīng)結(jié)婚，但他們卻是統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)婚與離婚率的盲區(qū)。8. They suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. 他們壓力較小，因壓力產(chǎn)生的諸如心臟問(wèn)題也相應(yīng)減少。而且，婚后男性總體上較之配偶更為滿(mǎn)意。9. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships! 也許，關(guān)鍵在于找出成功婚姻背后的秘訣并把它運(yùn)用到我們所有人與人的關(guān)系中去。第八篇 當(dāng)代婚姻（C級(jí)）如今的婚姻出什么嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題了嗎？在過(guò)去50年中，美國(guó)的離婚率暴漲：現(xiàn)在幾乎50%的婚姻以離婚告終，證據(jù)顯示，情況還將持續(xù)惡化。據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家聯(lián)合會(huì)的發(fā)言人稱(chēng)，如果這種趨勢(shì)持續(xù)下去，將導(dǎo)致家庭的破裂。一些未來(lái)學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)，100年后的美國(guó)人將平均至少結(jié)四次婚，而婚外戀甚至將比現(xiàn)在更為普遍。那問(wèn)題的原因是什么？現(xiàn)狀真的如此糟糕嗎？第一個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案十分簡(jiǎn)單：婚姻早已不像它過(guò)去那樣非有不可了。從好些年前開(kāi)始，經(jīng)濟(jì)需求已經(jīng)只是婚姻的部分基礎(chǔ)。過(guò)去，由于女性除了家庭以外沒(méi)有任何工作，她們常常在經(jīng)濟(jì)上依賴(lài)丈夫?，F(xiàn)在，隨著高薪女性的增多，情況也已經(jīng)改變。因此，她們覺(jué)得沒(méi)有必要被一段失敗的婚姻捆住手腳?；卮鸬诙€(gè)問(wèn)題，前景似乎不像它看起來(lái)那么令人悲觀。盡管離婚率升高，但世紀(jì)結(jié)婚率并沒(méi)有下降，所以說(shuō)結(jié)婚還是挺流行的。除此之外，現(xiàn)在許多戀人同居但并不急著領(lǐng)證。這些人事實(shí)上已經(jīng)結(jié)婚，但他們卻是統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)婚與離婚率的盲區(qū)。超過(guò)50%的第一次婚姻實(shí)際上是成功的。之前數(shù)據(jù)的欺騙性在于二度與三度婚姻的離婚率要高于首次婚姻?；橐稣娴倪^(guò)時(shí)了嗎？大多數(shù)人仍會(huì)結(jié)婚，這一事實(shí)證明不是這樣的。而且事實(shí)上婚后夫妻比單身過(guò)著更健康的生活：他們壓力較小，因壓力產(chǎn)生的諸如心臟問(wèn)題也相應(yīng)減少。而且，婚后男性總體上較之配偶更為滿(mǎn)意。也許，關(guān)鍵在于找出成功婚姻背后的秘訣并把它運(yùn)用到我們所有人與人的關(guān)系中去。*第三十八篇 Excessive Demands on Young People（B級(jí)）Being able to multitask is hailed by most people as a welcome skill, but not according to a recent study which claims that young people between the ages of eight and eighteen of the so-called Generation M1 are spending a considerable amount of their time in fruitless efforts as they multitask. It argues that, in fact, these young people are frittering away as much as half of their time again as they would if they performed the very same tasks one after the other.Some young people are juggling an ever larger number of electronic devices as they study. At the same time that they are working, young adults are also surfing on the Internet, or sending out emails to their friends, and/or answering the telephone and listening to music on their iPods2 or on another computer. As some new device comes along it too is added to the list rather than replacing one of the existing devices.Other research has indicated that this multitasking is even affecting the way families themselves function as young people are too wrapped up3 in their own isolated worlds to interact with the other people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house nor can they eat at the family table.All this electronic wizardry is supposedly also seriously affecting young peoples performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their perception of the impact of modem gadgets on their performance of tasks, the overwhelming majority of young people gave a favourable response.The response from the academic and business worlds was not quite as positive. The former feel that multitasking with electronic gadgets by children affects later development of study skills, resulting in a decline in the quality of writing, for example, because of the lack of concentration on task completion. They feel that many undergraduates now urgently need remedial help with study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the work force need to be taught all over again, as they have become deskilled.While all this may be true, it must be borne in mind4 that more and more is expected of young people nowadays; in fact, too much. Praise rather than criticism is due in respect of5 the way todays youth are able to cope despite what the older generation throw at them.練習(xí)：1. According to a recent study, what is probably true about the multitasking Generation M? 根據(jù)最近的研究，對(duì)于“多媒體時(shí)代”的年輕人同時(shí)進(jìn)行多種任務(wù)下列哪項(xiàng)是正確的？A) They are highly commended for being so effective and efficient.他們的實(shí)用和高效受到高度的贊賞。B) They waste more time than they should save. contrary to common assumptions. 和正常的完成任務(wù)的時(shí)間相比，他們實(shí)際上浪費(fèi)的時(shí)間比節(jié)省的時(shí)間還要多。（正確答案）C) They should prioritize and focus on the most important tasks on hand.他們應(yīng)該區(qū)分事情的重要性，并且把精力集中在即將發(fā)生的最重要的事情上。D) They need to improve their organizational skills so as to complete all their tasks.為了完成他們所有的任務(wù)，他們需要提高他們的組織能力。2. With the advent of new gadgets, what will happen to Generation Ms present e-devices? 隨著新型產(chǎn)品的出現(xiàn)，對(duì)于多媒體時(shí)代的電子設(shè)備會(huì)產(chǎn)生的影響是_。A) They make way for the latest and greatest and are retired by the young people.他們?yōu)樽钚碌暮妥詈玫哪贻p人讓路并且為他們而退休。B) They are put away temporarily but stay in rotation for their owners to choose from.他們暫時(shí)拋棄但是交替的他們會(huì)一直堅(jiān)持他們自己所選擇的。C) They become part of the ever increasing collection of novelties. 它們成為了收集的新奇物品中的一部分。（正確答案）D) They are either sold or traded so that their owners can update their toys and hobbies.為了更新他們的玩具或嗜好，他們或者賣(mài)掉或者交易掉它們。3. How will multitasking affect Generation M adversely? 同時(shí)進(jìn)行多種任務(wù)對(duì)“多媒體時(shí)代”出現(xiàn)的影響是_。A) It makes them feel lonely and pitiful.它使得他們感到孤獨(dú)和痛苦。B) It makes them aloof and elusive to family and friends. 它使得他們對(duì)于家人和朋友都變得冷漠了。（正確答案）C) It makes them selfish and possessive.它使得他們變得自私而且占有欲更強(qiáng)。D) It makes them impolite and ungrateful.它使得他們變得不禮貌而且忘恩負(fù)義。4. What is the biggest problem for multitasking undergraduates in universities? 對(duì)于大學(xué)里的本科生來(lái)說(shuō)，同時(shí)兼顧幾項(xiàng)工作 帶來(lái)的最大的問(wèn)題是_。A) They should adjust their academic attitudes seriously.他們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真地調(diào)整他們的學(xué)術(shù)態(tài)度。B) They should seek psychological professionals for assistance.他們應(yīng)該向心理專(zhuān)家尋求幫助。C) They should take some crash courses to catch up with their classmates.他們應(yīng)該參加一些速成課程來(lái)趕上他們的同學(xué)。D) They should try harder to focus on one task before moving on to the next. 他們應(yīng)該完成了一個(gè)任務(wù)之后再去做另外一個(gè)。（正確答案）5. In dealing with todays youth, what approach should parents take? 在對(duì)待今天的年輕人時(shí)，父母應(yīng)該采取_的方法。A) Be supportive and understanding. 理解和支持。（正確答案）B) Be realistic and lower their expectations現(xiàn)實(shí)和降低他們的期望C) Be encouraging and let their children stick to their old habits.鼓勵(lì)他們的孩子并且讓他們堅(jiān)持他們老的習(xí)慣。D) Be patient and hope everything will work out just fine eventually.耐心點(diǎn)并且期望所有的事情最終都會(huì)很好的解決。詞匯excessive /iksesiv/ adj. 過(guò)多的，額外multitask /mlti,ta:sk/ vi.同時(shí)進(jìn)行多個(gè)任務(wù)hail /heil/ vt.贊揚(yáng)claim /kleim/ vt.聲稱(chēng)，主張considerable /knsidrbl/ adj.相當(dāng)大的,相當(dāng)多的fritter /frit/ vt.消耗，浪費(fèi)juggle /dl/ vt. 耍弄，玩耍electronic device /,ilektrnik/ /divais/ n. 電子裝置，電子儀器surf /s:f/ vi. （網(wǎng)上）沖浪，漫游，瀏覽indicate /indikeit/ vt. 表明，指出affect /fekt/ vt. 影響isolated /aisleitid/ adj.孤立的，與世隔絕的可替換題目關(guān)鍵知識(shí)點(diǎn)：1. Being able to multitask is hailed by most people as a welcome skill, but not according to a recent study which claims that young people between the ages of eight and eighteen of the so-called Generation M1 are spending a considerable amount of their time in fruitless efforts as they multitask. 許多人對(duì)能同時(shí)兼顧幾樣工作的本領(lǐng)贊譽(yù)有加。然而最近研究卻發(fā)現(xiàn)，八歲到十八歲，被稱(chēng)為“多媒體時(shí)代”的年輕人在同時(shí)進(jìn)行多種任務(wù)的過(guò)程中常常事倍功半、了無(wú)成果。2. It argues that, in fact, these young people are frittering away as much as half of their time again as they would if they performed the very same tasks one after the other.研究認(rèn)為，正像依次完成各個(gè)任務(wù)一樣，這些年輕人仍舊浪費(fèi)了一半時(shí)間。3. At the same time that they are working, young adults are also surfing on the Internet, or sending out emails to their friends, and/or answering the telephone and listening to music on their iPods or on another computer. 在學(xué)習(xí)的同時(shí)，他們還在上網(wǎng)、給朋友發(fā)郵件、打電話、聽(tīng)MP3或者另一臺(tái)電腦上的歌。4. As some new device comes along it too is added to the list rather than replacing one of the existing devices. 隨著新產(chǎn)品的出現(xiàn)，他們的電子設(shè)備的數(shù)量還會(huì)不斷增加,而不是代替已存在的設(shè)備。5. Other research has indicated that this multitasking is even affecting the way families themselves function as young people are too wrapped up3 in their own isolated worlds to interact with the other people around them. 另一項(xiàng)調(diào)查還顯示：封閉的自身孤立世界里的年輕人，他們與周?chē)嗽桨l(fā)疏于交流。6. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house nor can they eat at the family table. 這種“兼顧”甚至影響了正常的家庭生活年輕人到家后不再向家人問(wèn)號(hào)，吃飯時(shí)也不同家人坐在一起。7. When asked about their perception of the impact of modem gadgets on their performance of tasks, the overwhelming majority of young people gave a favourable response. 。但當(dāng)被問(wèn)及現(xiàn)代科技產(chǎn)品對(duì)于他們工作表現(xiàn)的影響，絕大多數(shù)都認(rèn)為是都是正面的。8. The former feel that multitasking with electronic gadgets by children affects later development of study skills, resulting in a decline in the quality of writing, for example, because of the lack of concentration on task completion. 前者（學(xué)校）認(rèn)為同時(shí)使用多種電子設(shè)備會(huì)影響兒童日后學(xué)習(xí)能力的發(fā)展，比如由缺乏完成任務(wù)的集中力而導(dǎo)致的寫(xiě)作水平下降。9. While all this may be true, it must be borne in mind that more and more is expected of young people nowadays; in fact, too much. 即使以上都是現(xiàn)實(shí)情況，也必須承認(rèn)今天的年輕人被寄予越來(lái)越高的期望，實(shí)際上是太高了。10. Praise rather than criticism is due in respect of the way todays youth are able to cope despite what the older generation throw at them. 他們能夠應(yīng)對(duì)老一輩對(duì)他們的任何要求，對(duì)此我們更應(yīng)該贊許而非批評(píng)。第三十八篇 對(duì)年輕人的過(guò)高期望（B級(jí)）許多人對(duì)能同時(shí)兼顧幾樣工作的本領(lǐng)贊譽(yù)有加。然而最近研究卻發(fā)現(xiàn)，八歲到十八歲，被稱(chēng)為“多媒體時(shí)代”的年輕人在同時(shí)進(jìn)行多種任務(wù)的過(guò)程中常常事倍功半、了無(wú)成果。研究認(rèn)為，正像依次完成各個(gè)任務(wù)一樣，這些年輕人仍舊浪費(fèi)了一半時(shí)間。有些年輕人在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)還同時(shí)使用著很多電子產(chǎn)品。在學(xué)習(xí)的同時(shí)，他們還在上網(wǎng)、給朋友發(fā)郵件、打電話、聽(tīng)MP3或者另一臺(tái)電腦上的歌。隨著新產(chǎn)品的出現(xiàn)，他們的電子設(shè)備的數(shù)量還會(huì)不斷增加。另一項(xiàng)調(diào)查還顯示：封閉的自身孤立世界里的年輕人，他們與周?chē)嗽桨l(fā)疏于交流。這種“兼顧”甚至影響了正常的家庭生活年輕人到家后不再向家人問(wèn)號(hào)，吃飯時(shí)也不同家人坐在一起。人們認(rèn)為在電子產(chǎn)品中的如魚(yú)得水還嚴(yán)重影響了年輕人的在學(xué)業(yè)和工作上的表現(xiàn)。但當(dāng)被問(wèn)及現(xiàn)代科技產(chǎn)品對(duì)于他們工作表現(xiàn)的影響，絕大多數(shù)都認(rèn)為是都是正面的。然而不論學(xué)校公司都對(duì)此去沒(méi)有好感。前者認(rèn)為同時(shí)使用多種電子設(shè)備會(huì)影響兒童日后學(xué)習(xí)能力的發(fā)展，比如由缺乏完成任務(wù)的集中力而導(dǎo)致的寫(xiě)作水平下降。他們認(rèn)為許多本科生都需要惡補(bǔ)學(xué)習(xí)技能這一課。與此相似，雇主也認(rèn)為作為職場(chǎng)新人的年輕一代因?yàn)槟芰η啡毙枰匦屡嘤?xùn)。即使以上都是現(xiàn)實(shí)情況，也必須承認(rèn)今天的年輕人被寄予越來(lái)越高的期望，實(shí)際上是太高了。他們能夠應(yīng)對(duì)老一輩對(duì)他們的任何要求，對(duì)此我們更應(yīng)該贊許而非批評(píng)。+第四十七篇 Spoilt for Choice（A級(jí)）Choice, we are given to1 believe, is a right. In daily life, people have come to expect endless situations about which they are required to make decisions one way or another. In the main2, these are just irksome moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpower, or during lunch breaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to. But sometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can have serious or lifelong repercussions. More complex decision-making is then either avoided, postponed, or put into the hands of the army of professionals, Iifestyle coaches, lawyers, advisors, and the like. waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee2. But for a good many4 people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares5.The main impact of endless choice in peoples lives is anxiety. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness, even paralysis, in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away6, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted in order to solve the problem and reduce the unease. Recent surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportion of electrical goods bought per household are not really needed. The advertisers and the shareholders of the manufacturers are, nonetheless, satisfied.It is not just their availability that is the problem, but the speed with which new versions of products come on the market. Advances in design and production mean that new items are almost ready by the time that goods hit the shelves7. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The classic example is computers which are almost obsolete once they are bought. At first, there were only one or two available from a limited number of manufacturers, but now there are many companies all with not only their own products but different versions of the same machine. This makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease. into a shop and buy one thing8; no choice, no anxiety.The plethora of choice is not limited to consumer items. With the greater mobility of people around the world, people have more choice about where they want to live and work a fairly recent phenomenon. In the past, nations migrated across huge swathes of the earth in search of food, adventure, and more hospitable environments. Whole nations crossed continents and changed the face of history, So the mobility of people is nothing new. The creation of nation states and