MINITAB軟件應用手冊英文版).ppt

INTRODUCTIONTOMINITABVERSION13 WorksheetConventionsandMenuStructuresMinitabInteroperabilityGraphicCapabilitiesParetoHistogramBoxPlotScatterPlotStatisticalCapabilitiesCapabilityAnalysisHypothesisTestContingencyTablesANOVADesignofExperiments DOE MinitabTrainingAgenda WorksheetFormatandStructure SessionWindow WorksheetDataWindow MenuBar ToolBar TextColumnC1 T Designatedby T NumericColumnC3 NoAdditionalDesignation DataWindowColumnConventions DateColumnC2 D Designatedby D ColumnNames Type Date Count Amount DataEntryArrow OtherDataWindowConventions MenuBar MenuConventions HotKeyAvailable Ctrl S SubmenuAvailable attheendofselection MenuBar FileMenu KeyFunctionsWorksheetFileManagementSavePrintDataImport MenuBar EditMenu KeyFunctionsWorksheetFileEditsSelectDeleteCopyPasteDynamicLinks MenuBar ManipMenu KeyFunctionsDataManipulationSubset SplitSortRankRowDataManipulationColumnDataManipulation MenuBar CalcMenu KeyFunctionsCalculationCapabilitiesColumnCalculationsColumn RowStatisticsDataStandardizationDataExtractionDataGeneration MenuBar StatMenu KeyFunctionsAdvancedStatisticalToolsandGraphsHypothesisTestsRegressionDesignofExperimentsControlChartsReliabilityTesting MenuBar GraphMenu KeyFunctionsDataPlottingCapabilitiesScatterPlotTrendPlotBoxPlotContour 3DplottingDotPlotsProbabilityPlotsStem LeafPlots MenuBar DataWindowEditorMenu KeyFunctionsAdvancedEditandDisplayOptionsDataBrushingColumnSettingsColumnInsertion MovesCellInsertionWorksheetSettings Note TheEditorSelectionisContextSensitive Menuselectionswillvaryfor DataWindowGraphSessionWindowDependingonwhichisselected MenuBar SessionWindowEditorMenu KeyFunctionsAdvancedEditandDisplayOptionsFontConnectivitySettings MenuBar GraphWindowEditorMenu KeyFunctionsAdvancedEditandDisplayOptionsBrushingGraphManipulationColorsOrientationFont MenuBar WindowMenu KeyFunctionsAdvancedWindowDisplayOptionsWindowManagement DisplayToolbarManipulation Display MenuBar HelpMenu KeyFunctionsHelpandTutorialsSubjectSearchesStatguideMultipleTutorialsMinitabontheWeb MINITABINTEROPERABILITY MinitabInteroperability Excel Minitab PowerPoint StartingwithExcel Loadfile Sample1 inExcel StartingwithExcel ThedataisnowloadedintoExcel StartingwithExcel HighlightandCopytheData MovetoMinitab OpenMinitabandselectthecolumnyouwanttopastethedatainto MovetoMinitab SelectPastefromthemenuandthedatawillbeinsertedintotheMinitabWorksheet UseMinitabtodotheAnalysis LetssaythatwewouldliketotestcorrelationbetweenthePredictedWorkloadandtheactualworkload SelectStat Regression FittedLinePlot UseMinitabtodotheAnalysis Minitabisnowaskingforustoidentifythecolumnswiththeappropriatedate Clickintheboxfor Response Y Notethatouroptionsnowappearinthisbox Select ActualWorkload andhittheselectbutton Thiswillenterthe ActualWorkload dataintheResponse Y datafield UseMinitabtodotheAnalysis NowclickinthePredictor X box Thenclickon PredictedWorkload andhittheselectbutton Thiswillfillinthe Predictor X datafield Bothdatafieldsshouldnowbefilled SelectOK UseMinitabtodotheAnalysis Minitabnowdoestheanalysisandpresentstheresults NotethatinthiscasethereisagraphandananalysissummaryintheSessionWindow Let ssaywewanttousebothinourPowerPointpresentation TransferringtheAnalysis Let stakecareofthegraphfirst GotoEdit CopyGraph TransferringtheAnalysis OpenPowerPointandselectablankslide GotoEdit PasteSpecial TransferringtheAnalysis Select Picture EnhancedMetafile Thiswillgiveyouthebestgraphicswiththeleastamountoftrouble TransferringtheAnalysis OurMinitabgraphisnowpastedintothepowerpointpresentation Wecannowsizeandpositionitaccordingly TransferringtheAnalysis NowwecancopytheanalysisfromtheSessionwindow Highlightthetextyouwanttocopy SelectEdit Copy TransferringtheAnalysis Nowgobacktoyourpowerpointpresentation SelectEdit Paste TransferringtheAnalysis Wellwegotourdata butitisabitlarge Reducethefontto12andweshouldbeok Presentingtheresults Nowallweneedtodoistunethepresentation Herewepositionthegraphandsummaryandputintheappropriatetakeaway Thenwearereadytopresent GraphicCapabilities ParetoChart Let sgenerateaParetoChartfromasetofdata GotoFile OpenProject LoadthefilePareto mpj Nowlet sgeneratetheParetoChart ParetoChart Goto Stat QualityTools ParetoChart ParetoChart Filloutthescreenasfollows OurdataisalreadysummarizedsowewillusetheChartDefectstable Labelsin Category Frequenciesin Quantity AddtitleandhitOK ParetoChart MinitabnowcompletesourparetoforusreadytobecopiedandpastedintoyourPowerPointpresentation Histogram Let sgenerateaHistogramfromasetofdata GotoFile OpenProject Loadthefile2 Correlation mpj Nowlet sgeneratetheHistogramoftheGPAresults Histogram Goto Graph Histogram Histogram Filloutthescreenasfollows SelectGPAforourXvalueGraphVariableHitOK Histogram MinitabnowcompletesourhistogramforusreadytobecopiedandpastedintoyourPowerPointpresentation Thisdatadoesnotlooklikeitisverynormal Let suseMinitabtotestthisdistributionfornormality Histogram Goto Stat BasicStatistics DisplayDescriptiveStatistics Histogram Filloutthescreenasfollows SelectGPAforourVariable SelectGraphs Histogram SelectGraphicalSummary SelectOK SelectOKagainonthenextscreen Histogram NotethatnowwenotonlyhaveourHistogrambutanumberofotherdescriptivestatisticsaswell Thisisagreatsummaryslide Asforthenormalityquestion notethatourPvalueof 038rejectsthenullhypothesis P 05 So weconcludewith95 confidencethatthedataisnotnormal Histogram Let slookatanother Histogram toolwecanusetoevaluateandpresentdata GotoFile OpenProject Loadthefileoverfill mpj Histogram Goto Graph MarginalPlot Histogram Filloutthescreenasfollows Selectfiller1fortheYVariable SelectheadfortheXVariableSelectOK Histogram NotethatnowwenotonlyhaveourHistogrambutadotplotofeachheaddataaswell Notethatheadnumber6seemstobethesourceofthehighreadings ThistypeofHistogramiscalleda MarginalPlot Boxplot Let slookatthesamedatausingaBoxplot Boxplot Goto Stat BasicStatistics DisplayDescriptiveStatistics Boxplot Filloutthescreenasfollows Select filler1 forourVariable SelectGraphs Boxplot SelectBoxplotofdata SelectOK SelectOKagainonthenextscreen Boxplot WenowhaveourBoxplotofthedata Boxplot ThereisanotherwaywecanuseBoxplotstoviewthedata Goto Graph Boxplot Boxplot Filloutthescreenasfollows Select filler1 forourYVariable Select head forourXVariable SelectOK Boxplot Notethatnowwenowhaveaboxplotbrokenoutbyeachofthevariousheads Notethatheadnumber6againseemstobethesourceofthehighreadings Scatterplot Let slookatdatausingaScatterplot GotoFile OpenProject Loadthefile2 Correlation mpj Nowlet sgeneratetheScatterplotoftheGPAresultsagainstourMathandVerbalscores Scatterplot Goto Graph Plot ScatterPlot Filloutthescreenasfollows SelectGPAforourYVariable SelectMathandVerbalforourXVariables SelectOKwhendone Scatterplot WenowhavetwoScatterplotsofthedatastackedontopofeachother Wecandisplaythisbetterbytilingthegraphs Scatterplot Todothis GotoWindow Tile Scatterplot NowwecanseebothScatterplotsofthedata Scatterplot Thereisanotherwaywecangeneratethesescatterplots Goto Graph MatrixPlot ScatterPlot Filloutthescreenasfollows Clickinthe Graphvariables blockHighlightallthreeavailabledatasets Clickonthe Select button SelectOKwhendone Scatterplot WenowhaveaseriesofScatterplots eachonecorrespondingtoacombinationofthedatasetsavailable NotethatthereappearstobeastrongcorrelationbetweenVerbalandbothMathandGPAdata MinitabStatisticalTools PROCESSCAPABILITYANALYSIS Let sdoaprocesscapabilitystudy OpenMinitabandloadthefileCapability mpj SETTINGUPTHETEST GotoStat QualityTools CapabilityAnalysis Weibull Select Torque foroursingledatacolumn Enteralowerspecof10andanupperspecof30 Thenselect OK SETTINGUPTHETEST Notethatthedatadoesnotfitthenormalcurveverywell NotethattheLongTermcapability Ppk is0 43 ThisequatestoaZvalueof3 0 43 1 29standarddeviationsorsigmavalues ThisequatestoanexpecteddefectratePPMof147 055 INTERPRETINGTHEDATA HYPOTHESISTESTING Loadthefilenormality mpj SettingupthetestinMinitab CheckingtheDataforNormality It simportantthatwecheckfornormalityofdatasamples Let sseehowthisworks GotoSTAT BasicStatistics NormalityTest SetuptheTest Wewilltestthe Before columnofdata CheckAnderson DarlingClickOK AnalyzingtheResults SincethePvalueisgreaterthan 05wecanassumethe Before dataisnormalNowrepeatthetestforthe After Data thisislefttothestudentasalearningexercise Checkingforequalvariance Wenowwanttoseeifwehaveequalvariancesinoursamples Toperformthistest ourdatamustbe stacked ToaccomplishthisgotoManip Stack StackColumns Selectbothoftheavailablecolumns BeforeandAfter tostack Typeinthelocationwhereyouwantthestackeddata InthisexamplewewilluseC4 Typeinthelocationwhereyouwantthesubscriptsstored InthisexamplewewilluseC3 SelectOK Checkingforequalvariance Nowthatwehaveourdatastacked wearereadytotestforequalvariances GotoStat ANOVA TestforequalVariances Checkingforequalvariance Settingupthetest Ourresponsewillbetheactualreceiptperformanceforthetwoweekswearecomparing InthiscasewehadputthestackeddataincolumnC4 Ourfactorsisthelabelcolumnwecreatedwhenwestackedthedata C3 WesetourConfidenceLevelforthetest 95 Thenselect OK Here weseethe95 confidenceintervalsforthetwopopulations Sincetheyoverlap weknowthatwewillfailtorejectthenullhypothesis TheFtestresultsareshownhere WecanseefromtheP Valueof 263thatagainwewouldfailtorejectthenullhypothesis NotethattheFtestassumesnormality Notethatwegetagraphicalsummaryofbothsetsofdataaswellastherelevantstatistics Analyzingthedata Levene stestalsocomparesthevarianceofthetwosamplesandisrobusttononnormaldata Again theP Valueof 229indicatesthatwewouldfailtorejectthenullhypothesis Herewehaveboxplotrepresentationsofbothpopulations Letstestthedatawitha2SampletTest UnderStat BasicStatistics Weseeseveralofthehypothesistestswhichwediscussedinclass Inthisexamplewewillbeusinga2SampletTest GotoStat BasicStatistics 2Samplet Sincewealreadyhaveourdatastacked wewillloadC4foroursamplesandC3foroursubscripts Settingupthetest Sincewehavealreadytestedforequalvariances wecancheckoffthisbox NowselectGraphs Settingupthetest Weseethatwehavetwooptionsforourgraphicaloutput Forthissmallasample Boxplotswillnotbeofmuchvaluesoweselect Dotplotsofdata andhit OK HitOKagainonthenextscreen Inthesessionwindowwehaveeachpopulation sstatisticscalculatedforus NotethatherewehaveaPvalueof 922 Wethereforefindthatthedatadoesnotsupporttheconclusionthatthereisasignificantdifferencebetweenthemeansofthetwopopulations Interpretingtheresults Thedotplotshowshowclosethedatapointsinthetwopopulationsfalltoeachother Theclosevaluesofthetwopopulationmeans indicatedbytheredbar alsoshowslittlechancethatthishypothesiscouldberejectedbyalargersample Interpretingtheresults PairedComparisons Inpairedcomparisonswearetryingto pair observationsortreatments Anexamplewouldbetotestautomaticbloodpressurecuffsandanursemeasuringthebloodpressureonthesamepatientusingamanualinstrument Itcanalsobeusedinmeasurementsystemstudiestodetermineifoperatorsaregettingthesamemeanvalueacrossthesamesetofsamples Let slookatanexample 2 Hypothesis Testing Shoe wear mpj 2 Hypothesis Testing Shoe wear mpj Inthisexamplewearetryingtodetermineifshoematerial A wearrateisdifferentfromshoematerial B Ourdatahasbeencollectedusingtenboys whomwereaskedtowearoneshoemadefromeachmaterial Ho Material A wearrate Material B wearrateHa Material A wearrate Material B wearrate PairedComparison GotoStat BasicStatistics Pairedt PairedComparison Selectthesamples GotoGraphs PairedComparison SelecttheBoxplotforourgraphicaloutput ThenselectOK PairedComparison Weseehowthe95 confidenceintervalofthemeanrelatestothevaluewearetesting Inthiscase thevaluefallsoutsidethe95 confidenceintervalofthedatamean Thisgivesusconfirmationthattheshoematerialsaresignificantlydifferent CONTINGENCYTABLES CHISQUARE Enteringthedata Enterthedatainatableformat Forthisexample loadthefileContingencyTable mpj Let ssetupacontingencytable ContingencytablesarefoundunderStat Tables ChiSquareTest Selectthecolumnswhichcontainthetable Thenselect OK Settingupthetest Notethatyouwillhavethecriticalpopulationandteststatisticsdisplayedinthesessionwindow Minitabbuildsthetableforyou Notethatouroriginaldataispresentedanddirectlybelow Minitabcalculatestheexpectedvalues Here MinitabcalculatestheChiSquarestatisticforeachdatapointandtotalstheresult ThecalculatedChiSquarestatisticforthisproblemis30 846 PerformingtheAnalysis ANalysisOfVArianceANOVA Let ssetuptheanalysis LoadthefileAnovaexample mpj StackthedatainC4andplacethesubscriptsinC5 Setuptheanalysis SelectStat ANOVA Oneway SelectC4ResponsesC5FactorsThenselectGraphs Setuptheanalysis Chooseboxplotsofdata ThenOK Setuptheanalysis NotethatthePvalueislessthan 05thatmeansthatwerejectthenullhypothesis Analyzingtheresults Let sLookAtMainEffects ChooseStatANOVAMainEffectsPlot MainEffects SelectC4ResponseC5FactorsOK AnalyzingMainEffects Formulation1HasLowestFuelConsumption DESIGNOFEXPERIMENTS DOE FUNDAMENTALS FirstCreateanExperimentalDesign GotoStat DOE Factorial CreateFactorialDesign FirstCreateanExperimentalDesign Select2LevelFactorialdesignwith3factorsThengotoDisplayAvailableDesigns BowlingExample continued Wecannowseetheavailableexperimentaldesigns WewillbeusingtheFull Factorial for3factorsandwecanseethatitwillrequire8runs Now selectOKandgobacktothemainscreen OnceatthemainscreenselectDesigns BowlingExample continued Selectyourdesign WewillbeusingtheFull Factorial andagainwecanseethatitwillrequire8runs Now selectOKandgobacktothemainscreen OnceatthemainscreenselectFactors BowlingExample continued Fillinthenamesforyourfactors Thenfillintheactualconditionsforlow orhigh Now selectOKandgobacktothemainscreen OnceatthemainscreenselectOptions BowlingExample continued RemovetheoptiontoRandomizeRuns Now selectOKandgobacktothemainscreen OnceatthemainscreenselectOK BowlingExample continued Minitabhasnowdesignedourexperimentforus Now typeyourDatafromeachofyourexperimentaltreatmentsintoC8 Wearenowreadytoanalyzetheresults BowlingExample continued GotoStat DOE Factorial AnalyzeFactorialDesign BowlingExample continued HighlightyourDatacolumnanduseSelecttoplaceitintheResponsesbox Then selecttheTermsOption BowlingExample continued NotethatSelectedTermshasalloftheavailablechoicesalreadyselected Weneeddonothingfurther SelectOK Then atthemainscreenselectGraphs BowlingExample continued SelectyourEffectsPlotsandresetyourAlphato 05 SelectOKtoreturntothemainscreenandthenselectOKagain BowlingExample continued Notethatonlyoneeffecthasasignificancegreaterthan95 Alltheremainingfacto