常用齒輪鋼材的調(diào)質(zhì)熱處理工藝.doc

常用齒輪鋼材的調(diào)質(zhì)熱處理工藝鋼號(hào)淬火溫度()硬度要求(HR)有無(wú)回火脆性回火溫度()18022022026026030035850870水淬550570540560-無(wú)40840860水淬560580550570-無(wú)45830850水淬570590560580-無(wú)50820840水淬600620570590510530無(wú)55810830水淬-590610530550無(wú)40Cr840860水淬-590610560580有50Cr830850油淬-580600550570有55Cr820840油淬-590610560580有35CrMo850870油淬-580600540560無(wú)35SiMn860880油淬-580600540560無(wú)34CrMoA850870油淬-610630570590無(wú)42CrMo840860油淬-590610550570無(wú)42SiMn840860油淬-590610550570有40CrSi850870油淬-670690620640有40CrNi850870油淬-590610560580有38CrMnMo850870油淬-670690650670有38CrSiMnMo850870油淬-680700660680有35Cr2MnMo860880油淬-620640600620有37SiMn2MoV860880油淬-670690650670稍有常用大型鍛件用鋼的正火、高溫回火溫度3鋼號(hào)正火(退火)溫度高溫回火溫度單獨(dú)生產(chǎn)配爐單獨(dú)去氫考慮性能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(退火)5CrMnMo8408608308606206605CrNiMo8408608308606206605CrNiW8408608308606206605CrSiMnMoV8708906406602Cr1310001050GCr15790810(退火)GCr15SiMn790810(退火)Cr5Mo1000105010001050730750熱裝爐過冷、正火、高溫回火組別鋼號(hào)截面(mm)保溫(h)冷卻保溫(h)加熱(/h)保溫(h)升溫(/h)保溫(h)冷卻(/h)保溫(h)升溫(/h)保溫(h)冷卻(/h)冷卻(/h)出爐溫度()24CrMoV25CrMoV40CrNiMoA34CrNilMo35CrNiW37SiMnMoV30CrNiMolV3002爐冷2-功率23空冷至3003504功率25爐冷爐冷25024CrMoV25CrMoV40CrNiMoA34CrNilMo35CrNiW37SiMnMoV30CrNiMolV30150034爐冷4680310035空冷至300350610803040402020024CrMoV25CrMoV40CrNiMoA34CrNilMo35CrNiW37SiMnMoV30CrNiMolV50170045爐冷697048057空冷至3003501016605070301515024CrMoV25CrMoV40CrNiMoA34CrNilMo35CrNiW37SiMnMoV30CrNiMolV701100056爐冷91260570710空冷至3003501625508011020101205CrMnMo5CrNiMo5CrNiW5CrMnSiMoV5SiMnMoV60CrMnMo60SiMnMo3002爐冷2-功率23空冷至3003504功率27爐冷爐冷2505CrMnMo5CrNiMo5CrNiW5CrMnSiMoV5SiMnMoV60CrMnMo60SiMnMo30150034爐冷4680310035空冷至30035061080274540202505CrMnMo5CrNiMo5CrNiW5CrMnSiMoV5SiMnMoV60CrMnMo60SiMnMo50170045爐冷697048057空冷至300350101660456330152005CrMnMo5CrNiMo5CrNiW5CrMnSiMoV5SiMnMoV60CrMnMo60SiMnMo701100056爐冷91260570710空冷至3003501625506390201015034CrNi2Mo34CrNi3Mo18CrMnMoB20CrNi420CrMnMo18CrNiW3002爐冷2-功率23空冷至3003504功率35爐冷爐冷20034CrNi2Mo34CrNi3Mo18CrMnMoB20CrNi420CrMnMo18CrNiW30150034爐冷4680310035空冷至300350610804060402015034CrNi2Mo34CrNi3Mo18CrMnMoB20CrNi420CrMnMo18CrNiW50170045爐冷697048057空冷至30035010166065100301512034CrNi2Mo34CrNi3Mo18CrMnMoB20CrNi420CrMnMo18CrNiW701100056爐冷91260570710空冷至3003501625502010100工具鋼錠制件鍛后熱處理鋼號(hào)裝爐()升溫(/h)保溫(h)冷卻保溫(h)冷卻升溫(/h)保溫(h)冷卻(/h)冷卻(/h)出爐溫度()T7, T8, T10, T12500600按功率7507701.53.5爐冷66068024爐冷按功率按56h/100mm計(jì)算30152005CrW2Si6CrW2Si500600按功率7908101.53.5爐冷70072035爐冷按功率按810h/100mm計(jì)算3015200GCr15, GCr15SiMn500600按功率7707901.53.5爐冷68070035爐冷按功率按1015h/100mm計(jì)算30152003Cr2W8V500600按功率9009101.53.5爐冷73075035爐冷按功率按1015h/100mm計(jì)算3015200熱裝爐正火、高溫回火(組鋼過冷400500,、組鋼350400)組別鋼號(hào)截面(mm)保溫(h)升溫(/h)保溫(h)冷卻保溫(h)升溫(/h)保溫(h)冷卻(/h)冷卻(/h)出爐溫度()15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 40Mn, 50Mn2501按功率12空冷至3504002按功率812空空15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 40Mn, 50Mn2505002按功率24空冷至3504005按功率1220空空15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 40Mn, 50Mn5018003按功率57空冷至35040010按功率2032503035015, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 40Mn, 50Mn80110004按功率810空冷至35040015按功率3240503030015, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 40Mn, 50Mn100113005按功率1114空冷至35040020按功率4060402025015CrMo, 20CrMo, 20MnSi, 20MnMo, 12CrMo, 18MnMoNb, 20Cr, 18MnMoNb, 20Cr, 18CrMnTi, 35CrMo, 30Mn2, 18CrMnMo, 40Mn2, 40Cr, 42CrMo, 42MnMoV, 35SiMn, 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 38SiMnMo, 30CrMnSi, Cr5Mo, 35SiMnMo2502按功率12空冷至3504002按功率101560-40015CrMo, 20CrMo, 20MnSi, 20MnMo, 12CrMo, 18MnMoNb, 20Cr, 18MnMoNb, 20Cr, 18CrMnTi, 35CrMo, 30Mn2, 18CrMnMo, 40Mn2, 40Cr, 42CrMo, 42MnMoV, 35SiMn, 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 38SiMnMo, 30CrMnSi, Cr5Mo, 35SiMnMo25150035按功率24空冷至3504005按功率1530503035015CrMo, 20CrMo, 20MnSi, 20MnMo, 12CrMo, 18MnMoNb, 20Cr, 18MnMoNb, 20Cr, 18CrMnTi, 35CrMo, 30Mn2, 18CrMnMo, 40Mn2, 40Cr, 42CrMo, 42MnMoV, 35SiMn, 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 38SiMnMo, 30CrMnSi, Cr5Mo, 35SiMnMo50180057按功率57空冷至35040010按功率3048503030015CrMo, 20CrMo, 20MnSi, 20MnMo, 12CrMo, 18MnMoNb, 20Cr, 18MnMoNb, 20Cr, 18CrMnTi, 35CrMo, 30Mn2, 18CrMnMo, 40Mn2, 40Cr, 42CrMo, 42MnMoV, 35SiMn, 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 38SiMnMo, 30CrMnSi, Cr5Mo, 35SiMnMo8011000710按功率810空冷至35040015按功率5060402025015CrMo, 20CrMo, 20MnSi, 20MnMo, 12CrMo, 18MnMoNb, 20Cr, 18MnMoNb, 20Cr, 18CrMnTi, 35CrMo, 30Mn2, 18CrMnMo, 40Mn2, 40Cr, 42CrMo, 42MnMoV, 35SiMn, 1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 38SiMnMo, 30CrMnSi, Cr5Mo, 35SiMnMo100113001013按功率1114空冷至35040020按功率7090301520050SiMn, 55Cr, 50Cr, 34CrMolA, 35CrMoVA2502按功率12空冷至3504002按功率1860-40050SiMn, 55Cr, 50Cr, 34CrMolA, 35CrMoVA25150035按功率24空冷至3504005按功率2040503035050SiMn, 55Cr, 50Cr, 34CrMolA, 35CrMoVA50180057按功率57空冷至35040010按功率4064503030050SiMn, 55Cr, 50Cr, 34CrMolA, 35CrMoVA8011000710按功率810空冷至35040015按功率6480402025050SiMn, 55Cr, 50Cr, 34CrMolA, 35CrMoVA100113001013按功率1114空冷至35040020按功率801053015200曲軸感應(yīng)加熱淬火常見缺陷及防止方法缺陷形式形成原因防止方法淬硬層分布不均 1)軸頸與感應(yīng)器不同心2)感應(yīng)器內(nèi)電流分布不均3)油孔影響 1)保證軸頸與感應(yīng)器同心度偏差不超過1mm2)在感應(yīng)器上合理配置導(dǎo)磁體3)油孔中打入鋼(或銅)銷子 油孔處的放射裂紋 1)油孔處加熱不均或局部過熱2)油孔周圍冷卻不均或過于激烈引起裂紋的發(fā)展 1)油孔中打入鋼(或銅)銷子2)合理配置導(dǎo)磁體3)適當(dāng)提前冷卻4)改用半圈感應(yīng)器加熱和浸水冷卻5)改用其它冷卻介質(zhì) C型裂紋和淬硬層剝落 1)鍛造折疊2)淬硬層過深或淺偏差大3)油孔內(nèi)壁的淬火裂紋的發(fā)展4)自回火溫度低5)磨削工藝不當(dāng)6)材料淬透性過高 1)改進(jìn)鍛造工藝2)油孔中打入鋼或銅銷子3)油道壁過薄,應(yīng)改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)4)保證回火溫度5)用半圈感應(yīng)器加熱和浸水冷卻6)改進(jìn)磨削工藝7)檢查材料中合金成分和淬透性 淬火過渡區(qū)域的裂紋 1)淬火應(yīng)力集中2)磨削工藝不當(dāng) 1)保證感應(yīng)器和軸頸的合理間隙2)改善磨削工藝 淬硬表面的網(wǎng)狀裂紋 1)淬硬表面過熱和激烈冷卻2)淬硬層太深或自回火溫度低3)磨削切削用量過大 1)適當(dāng)減少加熱時(shí)間或比功率2)保證感應(yīng)器軸頸間的合適間距3)降低冷卻承壓,拉高水溫,保證自回火溫度4)改善磨削工藝 硬度不夠和軟點(diǎn) 1)材料含碳量低或有嚴(yán)重帶狀組織2)淬火溫度低3)冷卻水溫度或水壓低4)感應(yīng)器噴水孔部分堵塞 1)確保材料化學(xué)成分和組織合格2)適當(dāng)增加加熱時(shí)間3)適當(dāng)提高冷卻水壓和降低水溫4)清理感應(yīng)器噴水孔 鋼的退火工藝分類及應(yīng)用類 別主 要 目 的工 藝 特 點(diǎn)應(yīng) 用 范 圍擴(kuò)散退火成分均勻化加熱至Ac3+150 200，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間保溫后緩慢冷卻鑄鋼件具有成分偏析的鍛軋件等完全退火細(xì)化組織，降低硬度加熱至Ac3+30 50，保溫后緩慢冷卻鑄、焊件及中碳鋼和中碳合金鋼鍛軋件等不完全退火細(xì)化組織，降低硬度加熱至Ac1+40 60，保溫后緩慢冷卻中、合金鋼和某些高合金鋼(組織化程度低于完全退火)等溫退火細(xì)化組織，降低硬度加熱至Ac3+30 50，（亞共析鋼）或Ac1+2040，（亞共析鋼和過共析鋼），保持一定時(shí)間，隨爐冷至稍低于Ar1進(jìn)行等溫轉(zhuǎn)變，然后空氣冷卻(簡(jiǎn)稱空冷)中碳合金鋼和某些高合金鋼(組織與硬度比完全退火更為均勻)球化退火碳化物球狀化，降低硬度，提高塑性加熱至Ac1+2040或Acom-2030，保溫后等溫冷卻或直接緩慢冷卻工模具及軸承鋼件，結(jié)構(gòu)鋼冷擠壓件等再結(jié)晶退火或中間退火消除加工硬化加熱至Ac1-50150或，保溫后冷卻冷變形鋼材和鋼件去應(yīng)力退火消除內(nèi)應(yīng)力加熱至Ac1-100200，保溫后空冷或爐冷至200300，再出爐空冷鑄鋼件，焊接件及鍛軋件加熱速度及保溫時(shí)間退火工件一般是隨爐加熱，加熱速度不會(huì)太高。為防止及熱過程中開裂，高合金大件退火時(shí)，在700 以下加熱速度應(yīng)為3070/h ，溫度超過750后增大為80100/h 。正或工件廠采用熱爐裝料，大型工件應(yīng)注意控制裝料時(shí)的爐溫。 保溫時(shí)間決定于鋼的化學(xué)成分、爐溫、裝爐方式及裝爐量，一般可按1.52.5min/mm(厚度或直徑)估算 。鋼件完全退火工藝規(guī)范鋼 種截面尺寸(mm)裝 爐650700700退火溫度冷卻速度（/h）出爐溫度（）溫 度（）保溫時(shí)間（h）升溫速度（/h）保溫時(shí)間（h）升溫速度（/h）保溫時(shí)間（h）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