腐蝕環(huán)境下噴漆或噴粉樣品的評估.doc

對腐蝕環(huán)境下噴漆或噴粉樣品的評估所用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的測試方法Standard test method for evaluation of painted or coated specimens subjected to corrosive environments1 范圍1.1 這個測試方法覆蓋預(yù)先噴漆的或噴粉的樣品，來進行加速的和大氣的暴露測試以及后來的對腐蝕，與腐蝕有關(guān)的起泡，在劃痕處噴漆不附著或其它的涂層特征的評估。1.2 這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不聲稱可以處理所有的安全問題，如果有的話，和它的使用有關(guān)。在用這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之前考慮和建立適當(dāng)?shù)陌踩徒】狄?guī)則并決定規(guī)范限制的適用性是使用這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人的責(zé)任。 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the treatment of previously painted or coated specimens for accelerated and atmospheric exposure tests and their subsequent evaluation in respect to corrosion, blistering associated with corrosion, loss of adhesion at a scribe mark, or other film feature.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2.參考文件2.1 ASTM標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：B117 操作鹽霧實驗測試儀器的規(guī)則2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM standards:B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Testing ApparatusD610 在噴漆的鐵材料表面評估生銹的程度的測試方法D610 Test Method for evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel SurfacesD714 評估噴漆起泡程度的測試方法 D714 Test Method for evaluating Degree of Blistering of PaintsD870 用浮出水面的方法來測試噴粉的耐水性的規(guī)則D870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings using water emersion.D1014 鐵表面上的噴漆外部暴露測試的規(guī)則D1014 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints on SteelD1735 用水霧儀器測試噴粉表面的防水的規(guī)則D1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of coatings using water fog ApparatusD2247 在100%相對濕度條件下測試噴粉表面防水的規(guī)則D2247 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of coatings in 100% Relative Humidity D2803 金屬上的有機噴粉對絲狀腐蝕的抵抗力的指南D2803 Guide for Filiform Corrosion Resistance of Organic Coatings on MetalD4141 對噴粉表面做的加速的戶外暴露測試的規(guī)則D4141 Practice for Conducting Accelerated Outdoor Exposure Tests of Coatings D4585 采用控制的濃度測試噴粉層對水的抵抗力的規(guī)則D4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of coatings using controlled condensationD4587 用熒光的 UV 濃縮光和水暴露儀器測試噴漆和相關(guān)的噴粉和材料的規(guī)則D4587 Practice for Conducting Tests on Paint and Related Coatings and Materials Using a Fluorescent UV-Condensation Light and water-Exposure Apparatus G23非金屬材料的暴露，光暴露儀器（碳弧型）帶水和不帶水的操作的規(guī)則 G23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus (Carbon-Arc Type) with and without water for Exposure of Nonmetallic materials G26非金屬材料的暴露，光暴露儀器（氙弧型）帶水和不帶水的操作的規(guī)則G26 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus (Xenon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure of Nonmetallic materialsG85 改良的鹽霧測試方法G85 Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) TestingG87 操作潮濕的 SO2 測試方法G87 Practice for Conducting Moist SO2 Tests 2.2 ANSI 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：2.2 ANSI standard:B94.50 單點切工具，基本的術(shù)語和定義B94.50 Single-point Cutting Tools, Basic Nomenclature and Definitions for 3.重要性和應(yīng)用 3 Significance and Use 3.2 這個方法提供在暴露于腐蝕環(huán)境后，一個評估和比較底層，預(yù)處理，或噴粉系統(tǒng)，或者所有的綜合的基本的腐蝕性能的方法，3.2 This method provides a means of evaluating and comparing basic corrosion performance of the substrate, pretreatment, or coating system, or combination thereof, after exposure to corrosive environments.4. 儀器4 Apparatus 4.1劃線工具 建議用一個直柄的碳化鎢/硬質(zhì)合金尖，車床切割工具(ANSI B94.50, Style E )或碳化物尖的鉛筆類形的工具。任何其它劃線工具如解剖刀，剃刀片，小刀，或者其它尖銳的工具是不可以接受的，除非生產(chǎn)商和用戶達成一致。4.1 Scribing toolA straight-shank tungsten carbide tip, lathe cutting tool (ANSI B94.50, Style E ) or carbide-tipped pencil-type tool is recommended. Any other type of scribing instrument such as a scalpel, razor blade, knife, or other sharp pointed tool is unacceptable unless agreed upon between the producer and the user. 4.2 畫直線用尺 用任何有足夠長并且有足夠硬度的畫直線用尺來指導(dǎo)劃線工具走直線4.2 StraightedgeAny straightedge of sufficient length and rigidity to guide the scribing tool in a straight line.4.3空氣來源 需要來自壓縮的空氣，在80 psi (552kPa)可以傳遞至少10 ft3/min (4.72L/s)。4.3 Air sourceA source of compressed air capable of delivering at least 10 ft3/min (4.72L/s) at 80 psi (552kPa)4.4 空氣槍 空氣掃塵槍和噴嘴的結(jié)合，需要符合以下規(guī)格4.4 Air GunAn air dusting gun and nozzle combination to meet the following specification:空氣消耗 壓力 噴嘴直徑Air consumption pressure psi Nozzle Diameter ft3/min(m3/min) (kPa) in.(mm)8.4(0.24) 80(550) 0.12(3.0)4.1.1 用一個包括障礙物，阻礙或者是要求的屏風(fēng)的防護裝置來保護操作者和接近使用空氣的地方的其他人。防護裝置必須放在空氣噴嘴和操作者之間。已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個如打沙的柜子的裝置是可以接受的。4.4.1 A guard consisting of barriers， baffles, or screens required to protect the operator and other individuals near the area where the air is being used. The guard must be placed between the air nozzle and the operator. A device such as a sand-blasting cabinet has been found to be acceptable.注意1 沒有防護裝置情況下用空氣槍是違犯美國職業(yè)安全和健康管理法規(guī)的Note 1the use of an air gun without a guard is in violation of the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration Regulation4.5 刮檫工具 一個硬的抹刀, 刀子，或者類似不帶銳利的邊緣或角的工具4.5 Scraping toolA rigid spatula, knife, or similar instrument with no sharp edges or sharp corners.4.6 刻度 任何帶有1mm刻度的尺子4.6 ScaleAny rule with 1-mm divisions5. 測試樣品的預(yù)處理5 Preliminary treatment of test specimens劃線的樣品5.1 Scribed Specimens在指定或者同意，準(zhǔn)備測試的每個樣品，將其劃開，放在測試箱子里后，劃線需要按照縱向暴露。這個位置將允許溶液小滴沿著劃線的地方縱向流下。5.1.1 where specified or agreed upon, prepare each specimen for testing by scribing it in such a manner that the scribe can be exposed lengthwise when positioned in the test cabinet. This position will allow solution droplets to run lengthwise along the scribe.5.1.2 手持工具，大約和樣品表面保持45o 角，劃樣品。調(diào)整工具位置以便只有碳化物尖和表面接觸。拉劃線工具在被測試物層上得到一個均勻的V形切口。經(jīng)常檢驗工具看其是否鈍了，缺了塊，或者磨損了，并且按照需要替換或者修理。劃的線需要夠長以包含重要的測試部位，但是不應(yīng)該接觸樣品的邊緣。劃線需要穿透金屬表面的所有有機層，留下一個均勻的亮的毛刺線。劃線穿透的金屬層的深度需要在生產(chǎn)商和應(yīng)用者之間達成。所劃線的質(zhì)量也可以通過低倍的放大來觀察。注意，標(biāo)記和描述可能會影響結(jié)果的缺陷，代碼和瑕疵。5.1.2 Scribe the specimen by holding the tool at approximately a 45o angle to the surface. Position the tool so that only the carbide tip is in contact with the surface. Pull the scribing tool to obtain a uniform V-cut through the coating that is being tested. Inspect the tool frequently for dulling, chipping or wear and replace or repair as needed. The scribe should be of sufficient length to cover the significant test area, but should not contact the edge of the specimen. The scribe must penetrate all organic coating layers on the metal, leaving a uniformly bright line of burrs. The extent of scribe penetration through metallic coatings should be agreed upon between the producer and user. Quality of the scribe may be observed with the aid of low-power magnification. Note, mark, and describe defects, coding, and flaws that may affect results. 5.1.3 如果在生產(chǎn)商人和應(yīng)用者之間達成一致，除了一個單個的直的線之外的劃線也可以使用。5.1.3 scribe lines other than those of a single, straight nature may be used if agreed upon between the producer and the user. 5.1.4 按照6.1 暴露所劃的樣品并且按照第7部分進行評級。5.1.4 Expose scribed specimens in accordance with 6.1 and rate in accordance with Section 75.2 沒有劃線的樣品 涂了內(nèi)層油漆，油或者是蠟的樣品，可以不用劃線來評估它們。按照第6部分的來暴露這些樣品，按照第8部分來分總體表面的腐蝕程度。5.2 unscribed specimensSpecimens coated with paint undercoats, oils, or waxes may be evaluated without a scribe. Expose such specimens in accordance with Section 6 and rate for corrosion of the general surface in accordance with Section 8.5.3 切的邊緣 面板的被切的邊緣可以在測試過程中暴露，或者是用蠟，膠帶，或者是其它生產(chǎn)商和使用者達成的方式保護起來。如果沒有被保護，剪切面板邊緣的方法需要在生產(chǎn)商和使用者之間達成，標(biāo)注上是否邊緣需要毛刺朝上還是毛刺朝下5.3 Cut edgesCut edges of panels may be exposed during testing, or protected by wax, tape, or other means agreed upon between the producer and the user. If left unprotected, method of shearing panel edges should be agreed upon between the producer and user, noting whether edges are oriented in the “burr up” or “burr down” configuration.5.4 變形 暴露前的測試板，如果需要變形，需要在生產(chǎn)商和使用者之間達成。 5.4 DeformationDeformation of test panels prior to exposure, if desired, should be agreed upon between the producer and user. 表格1 劃線后不合格等級 （程序A）劃線后的典型的平均值徐變TABLE 1 Rating of failure at Scribe (procedure A)Representative mean creepage from scribe毫米 英寸（大約） 等級Millimeters inches(approximately) Rating number Zero 0 10Over 0 to 0.5 0 to 1/64 9Over 0.5 to 1.0 1/64 to 1/32 8Over 1.0 to 2.0 1/32 to 1/16 7Over 2.0 to 3.0 1/16 to 1/8 6Over 3.0 to 5.0 1/8 to 3/16 5Over 5.0 to 7.0 3/16 to 1/4 4Over 7.0 to 10.0 1/4 to 3/8 3Over 10.0 to 13.0 3/8 to 1/2 2Over 13.0 to 16.0 1/2 to 5/8 1Over 16.0 to more 5/8 to more 0 表格2 沒有劃線區(qū)域的分類（程序B）TABLE 2 Rating of Unscribed Areas(procedure B)失敗區(qū)域 等級Area Failed Rating numberNo failure 100 to 1 92 to 3 84 to 6 77 to 10 611 to 20 521 to 30 431 to 40 341 to 55 256 to 75 1over 75 06. 測試樣板的暴露6 exposure of test specimens6.1 按照以下一個或多個的測試方法或規(guī)則來暴露測試樣板：B117, D610,D714,D870,D1014,D1735,D2247,D2803, D4141,D4585, D4587, G23,G23,G26,G85,G87, 或者是任何其他經(jīng)生產(chǎn)商和使用者同意適用的測試方法。測試時間和評估間隔應(yīng)該在樣板暴露之前達成。6.1 expose test specimens in accordance with one or more of the following test methods or practices:B117, D610,D714,D870,D1014,D1735,D2247,D2803, D4141,D4585, D4587, G23,G23,G26,G85,G87, or any other applicable test method, as agreed upon between the producer and the user. The length of test and evaluation intervals should be agreed upon prior to exposure of specimens.7. 程序A 劃線樣板的評估7 Procedure AEvaluation of Scribed Specimens 7.1 方法1（空氣吹法） 在暴露之后，用溫和的溫度為110F (45C)的水流沖洗每個樣品。持噴嘴大約于45度角，沿著整個劃的線吹， 用空氣噴嘴機械地弄亂劃線表面連接處來確保噴氣開口。從暴露箱子里拿出來15分鐘內(nèi)需要完成對樣品的噴氣，如果噴氣不能在要求的時間內(nèi)完成，在室溫下將樣品浸如水中,或者存放在塑料袋子里，來避免任何干燥損害。7.1 Method 1 (air blow-off)Rinse each specimen after completion of the exposure period, using a gentle stream of water at a temperature up to 110F (45C). Holding the nozzle at approximately a 45angle, blow along the entire scribe line, disturbing the surface adjacent to the scribe mechanically by the air nozzle to ensure an opening for the air blast. Complete the air blasting within 15 min of specimen removal from the exposure cabinet. If the air blasting cannot be completed within the prescribed time. Immerse the specimens in water at room temperature or store in a plastic bag to avoid any drying defect.7.2 方法2（刮掉）在暴露之后，用溫和的溫度為110F (45C)的水流沖洗每個樣品。在溫和的沖洗水下，按照4.5里所描述的，用力地用一個工具刮樣品。將刮具面垂直于樣品表面拿著，和劃線平行，來回移動刮具在劃線上來去掉底切上的沒有附著的層，不去掉仍然有附著力的層。從暴露箱子里拿出來15分鐘內(nèi)需要完成對樣品的刮切。如果不能按照要求的時間來完成刮切，在室溫下將樣品浸如水中,或者存放在塑料袋子里，來避免任何干燥損害。7.2 Method 2 (Scraping) Rinse the specimen after completion of the exposure period, using a gentle stream of water at a temperature up to 110F (45C).Scrape the specimen vigorously with an instrument described in 4.5 while under the gentle stream of the rinse water. Hold the scraper with its face perpendicular to the specimen surface and parallel to the scribe, moving it back and forth across the scribe to remove the coating that has been undercut and has suffered loss of adhesion only, not to remove the coating that still has adhesion. Complete the scraping within 15 min of specimen removal from the exposure cabinet. If scraping cannot be completed within the prescribed time, immerse the specimens in water at room temperature or store in a plastic bag to avoid any drying effect.注意2 沖洗，刮或氣吹可能不是對所有的情況都適用，如在連續(xù)的測試過程中過渡期的評估。如生產(chǎn)商和應(yīng)用者之間達成一致，可以有其它的方法。Note 2Rinsing，scraping or air blow off may not be appropriate in all cases, such as for interim ratings in continuing tests. Alternative methods may be used if agreed upon between the producer and the user.7.3 評估 如表格1里描述的，從一個刻線痕開始評估腐蝕或噴漆的損失。記錄從刻線處代表性的平均值，最大值，最小值變化，標(biāo)注最大值是否是一個孤立的點。按照生產(chǎn)商和使用者所達成的，用毫米，英寸或等級記錄蠕變值。RatingRate the corrosion or loss of paint extending from a scribe mark as prescribed in table 1. Record the representative mean, maximum and minimum creepage from the scribe, and note whether or not the maximum is an isolated spot. Record creep values in millimeters, inches, or rating numbers, as agreed upon between producer and user.7.2.1 除非生產(chǎn)商和使用者另有達成的協(xié)議，刻線蠕變被定義為“一面的”，就是，從原先的刻線到蠕變前面。同時，按照表格2進行評估，區(qū)域的腐蝕從刻線處移去了。7.2.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon by the producer and user, scribe creepage is defined as “one sided”, that is, from the original scribe line to the creepage front. Also, rate in accordance with table 2 the prevalence of corrosion on areas removed from the scribe.8. 程序B 沒有刻線的區(qū)域8 Procedure Bevaluation of unscribed area8.1 暴露完成后（第6部分），用溫和的溫度為110F (45C)的水流沖洗樣品。用紙巾或壓縮的空氣弄干樣品表面。干燥需要不損壞樣品表面的腐蝕。8.1 Rinse the specimen after completion of the exposure period ( section 6).using a gentle stream of water at a temperature up to 100F (40C).Dry the surface of the specimen with paper towels or compressed air. Drying should be done in such a manner that the corrosion on the specimen surface is not disturbed.8.2 評估沒有劃線的樣品來看腐蝕點，氣泡和可能發(fā)生的其它類型的失敗。關(guān)于氣泡的尺寸和腐蝕區(qū)域，在不合格地方特性允許時，可以用測試方法D714里給出的影印氣泡標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來描述暴露測試結(jié)果。而方法 D610 可以用來描述生銹的頻率和分布。記錄受影響的大小，頻率或區(qū)域。在邊緣1/2英寸.(12.7mm)處的腐蝕不計算在內(nèi)。8.2 Evaluate unscribed specimens for corrosion spots, blisters and any other types of failure that may occur. Where the character of the failure permits, the photographic blister standards given in Test Method D714 may be used to describe the results of the exposure test, with respect to size of blisters or corroded areas, while Method D610 may serve to describe the frequency and distribution of rusting. Record the size, frequency, or area affected. Discount corrosion within 1/2 in.(12.7mm) of edges.8.3 評估 按照生產(chǎn)商和使用者達成的，按照表格2，記錄不合格區(qū)域的百分比或轉(zhuǎn)換不合格百分比到等級號碼。8.3 RatingRecord percent failed area or convert percent failure to rating numbers in accordance with Table 2 as agreed upon between the producer and user.注意3如果膜先被仔細地用中性的剝離器剝?nèi)?，下層薄膜腐蝕的形成也可以被評估并按照表格2報告。做時要小心以避免腐蝕形狀的變更或預(yù)處理的變更。Note 3Formation of underfilm corrosion may be evaluated and reported in accordance with Table 2 if the film is first carefully stripped with a neutral stripper. Exercise care to avoid alteration of the corrosion pattern or pretreatment.注意4關(guān)于氣泡的尺寸和腐蝕區(qū)域，在不合格地方特性允許時，在測試方法D714里給出的影印氣泡標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以用來描述暴露測試結(jié)果。而方法D610可用于頻率和分布，如果要求的話。 Note 4Where the character of the failure permits, the photo-graphic blister standards given in Test Method D714 may be used to describe the results of the exposure test, in respect to size of blisters or corroded areas, while Method D610 may serve to describe the frequency and distribution, if desired. 9. 程序C 評估沒有保護的邊緣。9. Procedure CEvaluation of Unprotected Edges9.1 如果從切割邊緣的噴漆蠕變