北京大學(xué)考博英語(有答案).doc

北京大學(xué)2004年博士研究生入學(xué)考試試題Part One Listening Comprehension （略）Part Two Structure and Written Expression Directions: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. (20%)41. The beauty of the reflected images in the limpid pool was the poignant beauty of things that are_, existing only until the sunset.A. equitable B. ephemeral C. euphonious D. evasive42. Brooding and hopelessness are the_of Indians in the prairie reservations most of the time.A. occupations B. promises C. frustrations D. transactions43. What_about that article in the newspaper was that its writer showed an attitude cool enough, professional enough and, therefore, cruel enough when facing that disaster-stricken family.A. worked me out B. knocked me out C. brought me up D. put me forward44. _considered the human body aesthetically satisfactory.A. Neither prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban manB. Nor prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban manC. No prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban manD. Neither prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban man45. Not until the 1980s_in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.A. some concerned citizensB. some concerning citizensC. did some concerning citizensD. did some concerned citizens46. The buttocks are_most other parts in the body.A. likely less to cause fatal damage thanB. likely less causing fatal damage toC. less likely to cause fatal damage thanD. less likey to cause fatal damage to47. The concept of internet,_has intrigued scientists since the mid-20th century.A. the transmission of images, sounds and messages over distancesB. transmitting of images, sounds and messages along distancesC. to transmit images, sounds and messages on distanceD. the transmissibility of images, sounds and messages for distances48. Because of difficulties in getting a visa, the students had to_the idea of applying for study in the United States.A. reduce B. yield C. relinquish D. waver 49. His request for a day off_by the manager of the company.A. was turned off B. was turned down C. was put down D. was put away50. The index of industrial production_last year.A. raised up by 4 per cent B. rose up with 4 per centC.arose up with 4 per cent D. went up by 4 per cent51. Please_if you ever come to Sydney.A. look at me B. look me up C. look me out D. look to me52. British hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered_yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during the preliminary heats.A. a sharp set-back B. severe set-backC. a severe blown-up D. sharp blown-up53. By the end of the year 2004, he_in the army for 40 years.A. will have served B. will serveC. will be serving D. will be served54. _there was an epidemic approaching, Mr. Smith_the invitation to visit that area.A. If he knew, would have declinedB. If he had known, would declineC. Had he known, would declineD. Had he known, would have declined55. In the dark they could not see anything clear, but could_.A. hear somebody mourn B. hear somebody mourningC. hear somebody mourned D. hear somebody had been mourning56. The team leader of mountain climbers marked out_.A. that seemed to be the best route B. what seemed to be the best routeC. which seemed to be the best route D. something that to be the best route57. The scheme was so impracticable that I refused even_.A. to consider supporting it B. considering to support itC. to considering to support it D. considering supporting it58. Among the first to come and live in North America_, who later prospered mainly in New England.A. had been Dutch settlers B. Dutch settlers were thereC. were Dutch settlers D. Dutch settlers had been there59. The cargo box has a label_on it. Please handle it with care.A. “flexible” B. “break” C. “fragile” D. “stiff”60. _we wish him prosperous, we have objections to his ways of obtaining wealth.A. Much as B. As much C. More as D. As well asPart Three Reading Comprehension. Directions: Each of the passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Put your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Passage OneWhat Makes a “Millennial Mind”?Since 1000 AD, around 30 billion people have been born on our planet. The vast majority have come and gone unknown to all but their friends and family. A few have left some trace on history: a discovery made, perhaps, or a record broken. Of those, fewer still are remembered long after their death. Yet of all the people who have lived their lives during the last 1, 000 years, just 38 have achieved the status of “Millennial Minds” -thats barely one in a billion. Those whose lives Focus has chronicled have thus become members of possibly the most exclusive list of all time. And choosing who should be included was not easy.From the beginning, the single most important criterion was that the “Millennial Minds” are those who did more than merely achieve greatness in their own time, or in one field. Thus mere winners of Nobel Prizes had no automatic right to inclusion, nor artists who gained fame in their own era, but whose reputation has faded with changing fashion. The achievements of the genuine “Millennial Mind” affect our lives even now, often in ways so fundamental that it is hard to imagine what the world was like before.Not even transcendent genius was enough to guarantee a place in the Focus list. To rate as a “Millennial Mind”, the life and achievements also had to cast light on the complex nature of creativity: its origins, nature, and its personal cost.61. The first paragraph tells us that_.A. Focus had a list of “Millennial Minds” worked out in secretB. Focus had compiled a biographical book of the lives of “Millennial Minds”C. Focus s list of the “Millennial Minds” consists of a strictly selected fewD. Focus tried hard to exclude most of the famous lives from the list of the “Millennial Minds”62. According to the second paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Nobel Prize winners are not qualified for the “Millennial Minds”.B. A “Millennial Mind” needs only to have a great influence on the lives of the people of his time.C. Only those whose achievements still greatly affect our lives today can be included in the list of the “Millennial Minds”.D. The “Millennial Minds” are those who have changed human lives so much that people of later generations can not remember what things were likein the past.63. In the first sentence of the third paragraph, “transcendent genius” means_.A. people who are exceptionally superior and great in talentB. people whose achievements are not forgotten by later generationsC. people whose genius has been passed down to the present timeD. people who have guaranteed themselves a place in the Focus list64. In the third paragraph, the phrase “cast light on” can be replaced by_.A. shine over B. light up C. shed light on D. brighten upPassage TwoTribute to Dr. Carlo Urbani, Identifier of SARSOn the 29th of March, 2003, the World Health Organization doctor Carol Urbani died of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, the fast-spreading pneumonia that had killed 54 people worldwide.http: The 46-year-old Italian doctor was the first WHO officer to identify the outbreak of this new disease in an American businessman. Dr. Urbani first saw the US businessman on Feb. 28, two days after the patient had been admitted to a hospital in Hanoi. Although Urbani had worn a mask, he lacked goggles and other protective clothing. He began demanding that Hanoi hospitals stock up on protective gear and tighten up infection control procedures. But he was frustrated at how long it was taking to teach infection-control procedures to people in hospitals. There were shortages of supplies, like disposable masks, gowns, gloves.After three weeks of round-the-clock effort, Urbanis superior urged him to take a few days off to attend a medical meeting in Bangkok, where he was to talk on childhood parasites. The day after he arrived, he began feeling ill-with symptoms of the new disease. He called his wife, now living in Hanoi with their three children. He said:“Go back to Italy and take the children, because this will be the end for me.” Dr. Urbani developed a fever and was put into isolation where he remained until his death. The WHO representative in Hanoi said:“He was very much a doctor, his first goal was to help people.”He was buried on April 2, 2003 in Castelplanio, central Italy, leaving behind his wife and children. The measures he helped put in place before his death appear to have doused the SARS wildfire in Vietnam.65. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A. Dr. Urbani caught SARS from an American businessman who was hospitalized in Hanoi.B. There were not enough disposable masks, gowns, gloves and protective equipment.C. He knew he had little hope to survive after he was found infected.D. Dr. Urbani had helped combating the new disease by putting in place a series of infection-control measures.66. In the third paragraph, “three weeks of round-clock effort”means_.A. for three weeks the hospital was taking in SARS patients without stoppingB. Dr Urbani worked day and night for three weeks, trying to get SARS under controlC. for three weeks Dr. Urbani did not have any time to sleep, trying hard to fight the new diseaseD. After three weeks hard work to control SARS, the hospital superior thought it was time to stop the clock67. According to the context, the word “doused” in the last sentence of this passage could be best replaced with_.A. extinguished B. eliminated C. solved D. delugedPassage ThreeGlassSince the Bronze Age, about 3000 B. C., glass has been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, lime, and an alkali such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century.When heated the mixture becomes soft and moldable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass thus formed by melting then cools to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way (metals, for instance), glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow.Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or “freeze” at specific temperatures, glass progressively softens as the temperature rises, going through varying moldable stages until it flows like a thick syrup. Each of these stages allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the shape achieved at that point. Glass is thus open to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials.68. According to the passage glass cools and becomes rigid differently from metals because_.A. it has an unusually low melting temperatrueB. it does not set up a network of interlocking crystalsC. it has a random molecular structure of a liquidD. it is made from a mixture of silica, lime, and soda69. In the phrase “without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process” in the second paragraph, a substitute for the word “customarily” may be_.A. continuously B. certainly C. eventually D. usually70. Glass can be easily molded into all kinds of forms because_.A. it melts like liquid when heatedB. it softens gradually through varying stages when heatedC. it retains the shape at the point when it is suddenly cooledD. various heating techniques can be used in making glass. Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (15%)No one gets out of this world alive, and few people come through life without at least one serious illness. (71) If we are given a serious diagnosis, it is useful to try to remain free of panic and depression. Panic can constrict blood vessels and impose an additional burden on the heart. (72) Depression, as medical researchers way back to Galen, an ancient Greek doctor, have observed, can set the stage for other illnesses or intensify existing ones. It is no surprise that so many patients who learn that they have cancer or heart disease-or any other catastrophic disease-become worse at the time of diagnosis. (73) The moment they have a label to attach to their symptoms, the illness deepens. All the terrible things they have heard about disease produce the kind of despair that in turn complicates the underlying condition. (74) It is not unnatural to be severely apprehensive about a serious diagnosis, but a reasonable confidence is justified. Cancer today, for example, is largely a treatable disease. A heavily damaged heart can be reconditioned. (75) Even a positive HIV diagnosis does not necessarily mean that the illness will move into the active stage.Part Four Cloze Test Directions: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Flowers for the DeadSince flowers symbolize new life, it may seem inappropriate to have them at funerals. Yet people in many cultures top coffins or caskets with wreaths and garlands and put blossoms on the graves of the (76) _. This custom is part of a widespread, long-lived pattern. Edwin Daniel Wolff speculated that floral tributes to the dead are an outgrowth of the grave goods of ancient (77)_. In cultures that firmly believed in an (78)_, and believed further that the departed could enter that afterlife only (79) _they took with them indications of their worldly status, it was a necessity to bury the dead with material goods: hence the wives and animals that were killed to accompany (80)_rulers, the riches (81)_with Egyptian pharaohs, and the coins that Europeans used to place on the departed persons eyes as payment for the Stygian ferryman. In time, as economy modified tradition, the actual (82)_goods were replaced (83)_symbolic representations. In China, for example, gold and silver paper became a stand-in (84)_real money. Eventually even the symbolic significance became obscured. Thus, Wolff said, flowers may be the (85)_step in “three well-marked stages of offerings to the dead: the actual object, its substitute in various forms, and finally mere tributes of respect.”Part Five Proofreading Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each underlined sentence or part of a sentence. You may have to change a word, add a word or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out with a slash () and write the correct word near it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (). Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Examples:e.g.1 (86) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (86) begun begane.g.2 (87) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtains went up.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (87) (Scarcely) had (they)e.g.3 (88) Never will I not do it again.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (88) not (86) Homes could start been connected to the Internet through electrical outlets. (87) In this way, consumers and business may find easier to make cheaper telephone calls under new rules that the Federal Communications Commission began preparing on Thursday. (88) Taking together, the new rules could profoundly affect the architecture of the Internet and the services it provides. (89) They also have enormous implications for consumers, the telephone and energy industries, equipment manufacturers. Michael K. Powell, the F. C. C. chairman, and his two Republican colleagues on the five-member commission said that (90) a 4-to-1 vote on