上海高考英語完型填空歷年真題.doc

上海高考英語完型填空歷年真題2011Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. launched B. unpleasant C. applying D. technically E. impactF. coating G. fixed H. miraculously I. superior J. advancesHow would you like to wear the same underwear (內(nèi)衣褲) for weeks? Owing to the work that has gone into developing intelligent materials, this may not be as 41 as it sounds. Self-cleaning clothes have now been created, and these new materials provide 42 resistance to dirt as well as water. As a result, they require much less cleaning than traditional materials.The creation of self-cleaning clothes provides an example of how nature helps scientists develop better products. This self-cleaning nature is known as the “l(fā)otus effect”. The name comes, of course, from the lotus leaves, which are famous for growing in muddy lakes and rivers while remaining almost 43 clean. By observing nature, scientists are 44 the qualities of the lotus leaves to the materials they have engineered. Because of this, some remarkable new products have been 45 . Among them are special windows that are resistant to dirt and water. A special 46 on these windows not only prevents dirt from sticking to their surfaces, but also allows dust to be easily washed off by the rain. In fact, these new windows have already been 47 to some cars. Even when traveling at high speed through rain, these cars never have to use their windshield wipers (雨刮器).Although we have already seen some practical applications, even more dramatic 48 will be made in the future, and they will, perhaps, change our world completely. Undoubtedly, technology is an important development, and it will have an even bigger 49 on our lives.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 51 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business 52 that the customer remains a customer. 53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 54 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 55 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 56 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 57 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Dominos Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 58 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 59 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 61 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 62 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.50. A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all51. A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe52. A. denyingB. ensuring C. arguing D. proving53. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing54. A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses55. A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical56. A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference57. A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget58. A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary59. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable60. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest61. A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting62. A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected63. A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive64. A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenient2010Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. additional B. producing C. regular D. predicted E. identifiedE atmosphere G. matched H. reducing I. carried J. increaseForests in the northern half of the globe could be growing faster now than they were 200 years ago as a result of climate change, according to a study of trees in eastern America. The trees appear to have faster growth rates due to longer growing seasons and higher concentrations (濃度) of carbon dioxide in the _41_.Geoffrey Parker, a scientist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre in Edgewater. Maryland, said that the increase ha the rate of growth was unexpected and might be _42_ to the higher temperatures and longer growing seasons documented in the region. The growth may also be influenced by the significant _43_ in atmospheric CO2, he said.We made a list of reasons these forests could be growing faster and then excluded half of them, Dr. Parker said. Their study suggests that northern forests may become increasingly important in _44_ the influence of man-made CO2 on the climate.Dr. Parker and his colleagues have _45_ out a detailed record of the trees on a(n) _46_ basis since 1987. They calculated that due to the global warming the forest is producing _47_ tons of wood each year.The scientists _48_ the land with trees at different stages of growth and found that both young and old trees were showing increased growth rate. More than 90 per cent of the tree groups had grown by between two and four times faster than the scientists had _49_ from estimates of the long-term rates of growth.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing _50_. What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, _51_ revising. Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had. _52_ several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戲服和化妝). For instance, Lloyd Webber _53_ some of the music because the Phantoms makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds. When you revise, you change aspects of your work in _54_ to your evolving purpose, or to include _55_ ideas or newly discovered information. Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. _56_, it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to _57_. topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However. dont make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows _58_. Always make time to become your own _59_and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you _60_ new ideas.Revising involves _61_ the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose _62_ throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the _63_ that is, facts, opinions, inferences - that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many _64_ details that may confuse readers?50. A. technique B. style C. process D. career51. A. in particular B. as a result C. for example D. in other words52. A. undergone B. skipped C. rejected D. replaced53. A. rewrote B. released C. recorded D. reserved54. A. addition B. response C. opposition D. contrast55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore57. A. discuss B. switch C. exhaust D. cover58. A. drafting B. rearranging C. performing D. training59. A. director B. master C. audience D. visitor60. A. personal B. valuable C. basic D. delicate61. A. mixing B. weakening C. maintaining D. assessing62. A. amazing B. bright C. unique D. clear63. A. angles B. evidence C. information D. hints64. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. concrete D. final2009Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.If the package looks pretty, people will buy just about anything. So says an advertising executive in New York, and he has proved his point by selling boxes of rubbish for the price of an expensive bottle of wine.Justin Gignac, 26, has sold almost 900 _41_ presented plastic boxes of rubbish from the street of the Big Apple at between $50 and $100 each. Buyers from 19 countries have paid for the souvenirs(紀(jì)念品). The idea has been so successful that he is thinking of promoting it around the world.It all began when Mr. Gignac was at a summer workshop. “We had a discussion about he importance of _42_,” he recalls. “Someone said packaging was unimportant. I disagreed. The only way to prove it was by selling something nobody would ever want.”He searches the streets of Manhattan and typical _43_ include broken glass, subway tickets, Starbucks cups and used _44_ forks. “Special editions” are offered at a high price. He charged $100 for rubbish from the opening day of the New York Yankees stadium.Mr. Gignac denies _45_ his customers for fools: “They know what theyre getting. They appreciate the fact that theyre taking something nobody would want and finding beauty in it.”Some _46_ customers include people who used to live in the city and want a down-to-earth souvenir. He claims he has even sold to art collectors.Realizing that the concept appears to be a real money-maker, Mr. Gignac has _47_ a company and is employing his girlfriend as vice president. He _48_ to discuss his profit margins: “Its actually quite a lot of effort putting them togetherbut yet, garbage is free.”Mr. Gignac is considering more varieties of souvenirs. He maintains that he has signed _49_ with people interested in similar projects from as far as Berlin and London. III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Most people believe they dont have much imagination. They are _50_. Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to _51_ it. Creativity isnt always _52_ with great works of art or ideas. People at work and in their free time _53_ think of creative ways to solve problems. Maybe you have a goal to achieve, a tricky question to answer or you just want to expand your mind! Here are three techniques to help you.Making connections This technique involves taking _54_ ideas and trying to find links between them. First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle. Write down all the ideas/words _55_ with candles: light, fire, matches, wax, night, silence, etc. Think of as many as you can. The next stage is to relate the _56_ to the job you have to do. So imagine you want to buy a friend an original _57_; you could buy him tickets to a match or take him out for the night.No limits! Imagine that normal limitations dont _58_. You have as much time/space/money, etc. as you want. Think about your goal and the new _59_. If your goal is to learn to ski, _60_, you can now practice skiing every day of your life (because you have the time and the money). Now_61_ his to reality. Maybe you can practice skiing every day in December, or every Monday in January.Be someone else!Look at the situation from a _62_ point of view. Good businessmen use this technique in trade, and so do writers. Fiction writers often imagine they are the _63_ in their books. They ask questions: What does this character want? Why cant she get it? What changes must she make to get what she wants? If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their _64_. The best fishermen think like fish!2008Directions: Complete the following passage by using words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. honoured B. set C. historic D. secretly E. citizenF. granted G. route H. briefly I. restoration J. leadingFrederick Douglass was an escaped slave in the movement that fought to end slavery in the United Stales. He became a 41 voce in the yean before the Civil War.A few weeks ago, the National Park Service (NPS) _42_ Douglasss birth and Black History Month with the reopening of his home at Cedar Hill, a _43 site in Washington. D.C. The two-story house, which contains many of Douglasss personal possessions, had undergone a three-year _44 _. (Thanks to the NTS website, however, you dont have to live in the nations capital to visit it. Take a tour online.)He was born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey to a slave mother and a white father he never knew. Douglass grew up to become the first black _45 to bold a government office as US minister and consul general (總領(lǐng)事) to Haiti.As a youth, be never went to school. Educating slaves was illegal in the South, so be _46 taught himself to read and write. At 21 years old, he escaped from his slave owner to Massachusetts and changed his last name to Douglass, to hide his identity.In the 1850s, Douglass was involved with the Underground Railroad, the system _47 up by antislavery groups to bring runaway slaves to the North and Canada. His home in Rochester, N.Y. was near the Canadian border. It became an important station on the _48 , housing as many as 11 runaway slaves at a time.He died in 1895. In his lifetime, Douglass witnessed the end of slavery in 1865 and the adoption of the 15th Amendment to the US Constitution (美國憲法修正案), which _49 African-Americans the right to vote.III. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People think children should play sports. Sports are fun, and playing with others. However, playing sports can have _50 effects on children. It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behavior in some children. According to research on kids and sports, 40,000,000 kids play sports in the US. Of these, 18,000,000 say they have been _51 at or called names while playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad _52 of sports. They think sports are just too aggressive.Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main _53 of too much aggression ill childrens sports. They believe children _54 _ aggressive adult behavior. This behavior is then further strengthened through both positive and negative feedback. Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that_55 is everything. Many parents go to childrens sporting events and shout _56 _ at other players or cheer when the