初中英語名詞性從句詳解.ppt

名詞性從句,名詞性從句,主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句,主語從句在句中做-賓語從句在句中做-表語從句在句中做-同位語從句在句中-,主語,賓語,表語,同位語,1.Thathewillcomeiscertain.,2.Iknowthathewillcome.,3.ThetruthisthatIhavebeenthere.,4.Thefactthatshewaslatesurprisedus.,為什么叫名詞性從句？_,整個(gè)從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞,比較:,Themanlookedaround.Thattheboyfailedagainintheexamdisappointedhismother.,同樣作主語，從句可以表示較復(fù)雜的含義,一般是個(gè)動(dòng)作或性質(zhì),Iknowhim.Iknowthatheiswritinghiscompositioninhisroom,2.為什么要有名詞性從句？,那人看了看四周.(名詞作主語),那孩子考試又不及格令他母親很失望.(從句作主語),我知道他在房間里寫作文.,從句的特征:,是一個(gè)句子,有一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞,引導(dǎo)詞做從句的一個(gè)成分(that除外),名詞能做的成分,從句都能做,從句表達(dá)的意思比名詞復(fù)雜得多,主語從句,thatwhetherwhowhomwhosewhatwhichwhenwherewhyhow,從句引導(dǎo)詞:,1.ThatheknowsJapaneseisknowntoall.,他懂英語,這一點(diǎn)大家都知道,令我驚訝的是在這兒見到他.,3.Whenhewillcomeisunknown.,4.Whetherheiscomingdoesntmattermuch.,他來不來沒什么要緊的,他什么時(shí)候來不清楚.,他們是怎么登上山頂?shù)娜允莻€(gè)秘密.,5.Itremainsasecrethowtheyclimbedupthemountain.,主語從句的位置1.在句首2.主語較長(zhǎng)時(shí)通常放在后面,句首主語用It,主語太長(zhǎng)了!放到句尾,That無詞義,不可省略,What“什么”,“所.的”,2.Whatsurprisedmewastoseehimhere.,When“什么時(shí)候”,主語從句不用if,位于句首,It作主語的常用句型有:,1.It+be+形容詞+that從句,2.It+be+名稱詞組(duty/pity.)+that從句,3.It+be+過去分詞(said/thought.)+that從句,4.It+不及物動(dòng)詞(seem/happen.)+that從句,Itisapitythatwecantgoswimming.,Itissaidthathetoldhereverything.,IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.,Itiscertainthathewilldowellintheexam.,真可惜我們不能去游泳.碰巧那天我外出了.他考試肯定會(huì)考好.據(jù)說他已告訴了她一切.,注意:Itlookedthathewasright.()可以說:Itlooksasif.,happen只有it句型,Itissaid只有it句型,More,用形式主語it的主語從句常見結(jié)構(gòu),Itisclear(necessary,important,possible,remarkablethat很清楚（必要,重要,可能,值得注意等),Itisafact(agoodthing,goodnews)that事實(shí)是(好事是,好消息是),Itiswell-known(reported,recorded,estimated,said,believed)that眾所周知(據(jù)報(bào)道,據(jù)記載,據(jù)說,據(jù)估計(jì)),Itturnsout(seems,happens,appears)that結(jié)果是(似乎是,碰巧是,好象是),Ithasbeenfound(hasbeenproved,canbeseen,mustbepointedout)that已發(fā)現(xiàn)(已證明,可以看出,需指出),用it句型翻譯:,據(jù)說今年高一學(xué)生要學(xué)新教材.事實(shí)是他們靠自己完成了所有的任務(wù).碰巧他們已經(jīng)參加過軍訓(xùn)了.眾所周知,比爾蓋茨是世界上最富有的人.我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣這很重要.,ItissaidthattheSeniorGradeonestudentswilllearnanewtextthisyear.,Itisafactthattheyfinishedalltheworkbythemselves.,Ithappenedthattheyhadhadtheirmilitarytraining.,Itiswell-knownthatBillGatesistherichestpersonintheworld.,Itisimportantthatwe(should)formagoodhabitofstudying.,Note:Itisimportant/necessary/natural/ourduty/essential/strangethatsb(should)dosth.固定句型,should可以省略,翻譯:真奇怪他今天竟然遲到了.,Itisstrangethatheshouldbelatetoday.,strange不省略should為好,表語從句,1.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeentothecountryside.,2.ThequestioniswhetherwcanfinishtheexperimentbyFriday.,3.Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.,實(shí)際情況是他從未去過農(nóng)村.that一般不省略,問題在于我們能否在明天下午之前完成這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn).表語從句不用if,4.Thisschoolisnolongerwhatitwasbefore.,這所學(xué)校已不再是從前的那個(gè)樣子了.what=thethingthat,More,系動(dòng)詞后面,注意下列表語從句中where,how,why的譯法,ThisiswhereLuXunoncelived.Thatwashowtheywonthematch.Thisiswhyshegotupsoearlythismorning.,這就是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的地方.,他們就是這樣贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的.,這就是她為什么今天早上起得這么早的原因.,我們就是這樣克服困難的.那就是他昨天缺席的原因.這就是我們上星期碰頭的地方.,Thisis/Thatwashowweovercamethedifficulties.,Thatiswhyhewasabsentyesterday.,ThisiswherewemetlastSunday.,Thisis總是現(xiàn)在時(shí)Thatis表示性質(zhì)Thatwas指過去動(dòng)作,固定句型:ThisiswhereThisiswhyThisishow.,這就是的地方,這就是的原因,這就是的方法,賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略：（1）當(dāng)that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時(shí)，第二個(gè)that不能??；（2）當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時(shí)，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式賓語的賓語從句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.,賓語從句,whether與if的辨用,表“是否”時(shí)，在下列情況下用whether。a.主語從句b.表語從句c.同位語從句e.介詞后的賓語從句f.后接動(dòng)詞不定式(whethertodosth.)g.whetherornot連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)不用if,1).whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句a.當(dāng)whether后緊跟ornot時(shí),不用if.eg:IdontknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if.eg:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.,2.注意whether和if的使用區(qū)別,Practicetime,if/whether1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.3.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.4.Idontknow_heiswellornot.5.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.8.Idontknow_togo.,if/whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether,Idoubtif/whetherhewillpasstheexam.Idontdoubtthatwewillwinthematch.Doyoudoubtthathediditonhisown?,doubt問題,肯定句中用if/whether,否定句中用that,疑定句中用that,Idoubt_heistellingthetruth.Weneverdoubt_theplanwillbecarriedout.Doeshedoubt_youarefromAustria?Imdoubtful_hewillagreetothis.,if/whether,that,that,if/whether,同位語從句,被修飾詞有:fact,news,hope,opinion,order,question,problem,belief,truth,theory,decision,discovery,conclusion,promise,rumor,fear,thought,suggestion,plan,idea,同位語從句說明它們的內(nèi)容,常見引導(dǎo)詞:that,whether(if),how,wh-疑問詞,Thefactthatdeedsarebetterthanwordsisquiteclear.ThequestionhowIdiditishardtoanswer.Theyhadnoideawheretheyshouldgotofindsomefood.Thequestionwhetherhecomesornotisnotimportant.(if)Athoughtcametomethathemightbeinthelibrary.,事實(shí)勝于雄辨這一道理非常清楚.,我怎么做的這一問題難回答.,他們根本不知去哪兒找食物,他是否來這個(gè)問題不重要.,我突然想到他可能在圖書館.被別的詞隔開,that無詞義,1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.,_,Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,_,WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.,4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.,5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.,_,ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldntspendtoomuchtimeonline.,_,Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.,_,_,ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,一、同位語從句與定語從句的相似之處,1、兩種從句都可以譯成定語e.g.,Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（同位語從句）我們隊(duì)取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.（定語從句）你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞。,2、兩種從句都可以用that引導(dǎo)e.g.,Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.（同位語從句）學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西的建議值得考慮。Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.（定語從句）值得考慮的建議是學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西。,二、同位語從句與定語從句的不同之處,1、從句的作用不同：同位語從句用來進(jìn)一步說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語從句用來修飾、限定前面的名詞。,e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（從句說明“消息”的內(nèi)容：我們隊(duì)取得了決賽勝利。）Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.（從句對(duì)“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。）,2、引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)是一個(gè)純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分；而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分。,e.g.1)DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.（that不充當(dāng)任何成分）2)Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.（that指代promise，又在從句中充當(dāng)主語。）,考點(diǎn)之一:考查名詞性從句中that與what的區(qū)別考例:_wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what分析:(注:劃線的選項(xiàng)為最佳答案,下同.)在名詞性從句中that與what的區(qū)別是:that在名詞性從句中不作句子成分,只起連接作用;而what在名詞性從句中不僅起連接作用,而且作句子成分.句子的意思是:我們不能得到的似乎比我們已經(jīng)擁有的要好.此題考查了兩個(gè)名詞性從句:主語從句和賓語從句,what在這兩個(gè)名詞性從句中都作賓語.,考點(diǎn)之二:考查名詞性從句中的it作形式主語或形式賓語考例1:_isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It分析:在這種名詞性從句中為了保持句子的平衡,往往用先行詞it作形式主語或形式賓語,而把真正的主語或賓語放到后面,尤其是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句往往用先行詞it作形式主語.此句也可以改寫為:ThatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguageisafact.考例2:Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.thisD.them分析:此題考查的是用先行詞it作形式賓語,而把真正的賓語從句放到后面.其他幾個(gè)詞均不能作形式賓語.,考點(diǎn)之三:考查名詞性從句的語序考例:Thephotographswillshowyou_.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike,分析:在名詞性從句中,除了關(guān)聯(lián)詞要提到句首之外,一律要用陳述句語序。當(dāng)關(guān)聯(lián)詞含疑問意義時(shí),有的學(xué)生就會(huì)受習(xí)慣影響錯(cuò)誤地使用疑問句語序?？朔@種錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵是要找準(zhǔn)從句中的主語和謂語。本題句子的意思是:這些照片會(huì)告訴你我們村子是什么樣。本題中根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞what要作介詞like的賓語,而副詞how不能作介詞like的賓語,所以首先排除C、D,而A項(xiàng)是疑問句語序,故只能選B。,考點(diǎn)之四:考查名詞性從句中的whether,if以及that的區(qū)別考例1:_wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where分析:句子的意思是:我們明天是否去野營(yíng)要視天氣而定.whether與if當(dāng)是否講時(shí)的區(qū)別是:在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)兩者可以互換,但在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句以及介詞后面的賓語從句或后面緊跟ornot時(shí)通常只能用whether,而不能用if.考例2:Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why分析:本題句子的意思是:醫(yī)生真正懷疑的是我母親是否能很快從重病中恢復(fù)過來.whether引導(dǎo)的是表語從句.,考例3:Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for分析:本題句子的意思是:頭發(fā)變白使她有點(diǎn)兒不安。It作形式主語,that引導(dǎo)的是主語從句。whether,if以及that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的區(qū)別是:whether與if(當(dāng)是否講時(shí))引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句含有疑問意義;而that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句不含有疑問意義。,考點(diǎn)之五:考查名詞性從句中的疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句及其與nomatter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別考例1:Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever分析:本題句子的意思是:一般認(rèn)為孩子要什么就給什么是不明智的.whatever引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句,A.however和D.whenever是不能作賓語的;而C.whichever表示無論哪一個(gè)、無論哪些,表示在一定范圍內(nèi)的人或事物,此處并不涉及一定范圍內(nèi)的人或事物,所以也不能選.,考例2:Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_sharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho分析:本題句子的意思是:薩拉希望跟自己有共同愛好的人交朋友.疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與nomatter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別是:前者既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句;后者只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句.首先排除D.而選A.anyone則應(yīng)在其后加who.從句中需要的是主語,所以whomever也不行.,考點(diǎn)之六:考查名詞性從句的虛擬語氣問題考例:Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent_atleastaforeignlanguage.A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster分析:本題選B.句子的意思是:大學(xué)生至少應(yīng)該掌握一門外語。It作形式主語,that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣。(1)在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等,謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣(should)+do,常用的句型有:I.Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that.II.Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that.III.Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that.如:Itisstrangethatshe(should)thinkso.,(2)表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令、要求、堅(jiān)持等及物動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣,常用的這類動(dòng)詞有suggest,propose,insist,desire,demand,request,order,command等。如:Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.(3)主語是suggestion,proposal,request,decision等表示建議、請(qǐng)求、要求、決定等意思的詞時(shí),表語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣(should)+do。如:Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)holdanothermeetingtodiscussthequestion.,(4)表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令、要求、決定等意思的名詞后面的同位語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣(should)+do。如:Theyreceivedordersthatthework(should)bedoneatonce.,II.Choosethebestanswer,1.Theyexpressedthehope_theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when2.Thefact_hedidntseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what3.Ihavenoidea_hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.that,II.Choosethebestanswer,4.Thenews_surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovestobefalse.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how5.Oneofthemenheldtheview_thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat6.Wordhascome_someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherc.thatD.which,典型錯(cuò)誤及歸納,找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：1.Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?2.Idontknowwherehashegone.3.Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatthematterwas.,Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsthereareinyourclass?,Idontknowwherehehasgone.,Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatwasthematter.,規(guī)律一：名詞從句中須使用陳述語序！,找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：4.Wesuggestedthatwewouldgotothecinema.5.Myideaisthatwemustdoourhomeworkfirst.6.Hisproposalthatwewentthereonfootisacceptable.,Wesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothecinema.,Myideaisthatwe(should)doourhomeworkfirst.,Hisproposalthatwe(should)gothereonfoot.,規(guī)律二：注意虛擬語氣的使用！,問題：此類虛擬語氣有哪些關(guān)鍵詞？,找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：7.Ifwewillhaveameetinghasntbeendecidedyet.8.Itdependsoniftheweatherissuitableforustodoit.9.Thequestionisifhehimselfwillbepresentatthemeeting.10.HeaskedmeifIcouldgowithhimornot.,Whetherwewillhaveameetinghasntbeendecidedyet.,Itdependsonwhethertheweatheris.,Thequestioniswhetherhehimselfwillbepresent.,HeaskedmewhetherIcouldgowithhimornot.,規(guī)律三：4種情況只能用whether：（1）位于句子開頭；（2）前面有介詞；（3）引導(dǎo)表語從句；（4）與ornot連用。,名詞性從句試題集錦1.Iaskher_comewithme.A.ifshewillB.ifwillsheC.whetherwillsheD.willshe2._hesaidistrue.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Whether3.Canyoutellme_?A.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentleman4.Hedidntknowwhichroom_.A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein5.Togetthejobstarted,_Ineedissomemoney.A.onlywhatB.allwhatC.allthatD.onlythat6.Ihavenoidea_fartherailwaystationisfromhere.A.whatB.howC.itsD.that,7.Canyoutellme_therailwaystation?A.howIcangettoB.whatcanIgettoC.whereIcangottoD.wherecanIgetto8.Doyouknow_?A.whatishisnameB.howishisnameC.whathisnameisD.howhisnameis9._youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.This10.Theyhavenoideaatall_.A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone11.Theywanttoknow_dotohelpus.A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcanthey12.Thesephotographswillshowyou_.A.whatourvillagelookslikeB.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike,13.Canyoumakesure_thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput14.Noone