如何構(gòu)建知識(shí)體系

如何構(gòu)建知識(shí)體系一、明確謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的行的區(qū)別（一）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表一（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）一般式完成式進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式write/writeshave/ has writtenam, is, are writingHave/has been writingwrotehad writtenwas/were writinghad been writingshall/will writeshall/will have writtenshall ,will be writingshall ,will have been writingshould /would writeshould/would have writtenwould, should be writingshould, wouldhave been writing表二（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）式時(shí)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式現(xiàn)在時(shí)amis seenareamis being seenarehasbeen seenhave過(guò)去時(shí)wasseenwerewasbeing seenwerehad been seen將來(lái)時(shí)shallseenwillshallhave been seenwill過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)shouldbe seenwould表三（非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不定式一般式to writeto be written進(jìn)行式to be writing完成式to have writtento have been writtenVing一般式writingbeing written完成式having writtenhaving been written過(guò)去分詞taken二、明確謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定與謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞否定的區(qū)別謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞He doesnt like maths. She isnt coming tomorrow. They havent done the experiment The engine wont start. You mustnt leave things every where. He didnt play basketball yesterday.Not knowing what to do, he turned to the teacher for help. He told me not to open the window. Not well designed, the bridge collapsed soon after it was completed. His not coming on time let me down.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞借助于助動(dòng)詞+not來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)非謂語(yǔ)借助于not來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)三、明確主語(yǔ)與邏輯主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別主語(yǔ)邏輯主語(yǔ)The table is made in China.He cant jump that high.The taller of the two boys is absent.To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.What he said was right then.It is said that he will visit China.Its important for you to master a foreign language.It was careless of us to forget to lock the door.He told me to leave at once. He spoke in a loud voice to make himself heard.He offered to help us. His leaving is a great loss. Do you mind me(my)smoking here? I remember Wei Fang(Wei Fangs)going thereWalking in the street, he happened to meet Jane.The trees planted last year grow well.When I came to myself, I found myself lying in hospital.People there were all excited at the news.How about two of us going out for a walk?四、簡(jiǎn)單句的構(gòu)成（一）簡(jiǎn)單句的構(gòu)成（時(shí)間）+ 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 狀語(yǔ)（方式+地點(diǎn)+時(shí)間）Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.謂語(yǔ)-時(shí)態(tài)（過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)）、語(yǔ)態(tài)（主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)）、語(yǔ)氣（陳述、祈使、虛擬）（二）五個(gè)基本句型1、主系表結(jié)構(gòu)連系動(dòng)詞按其所表示的意義可分為以下四種：1.變化類 表事物發(fā)展變化的過(guò)程，如go, come, become, turn, grow, get, fall 等。2. 感覺類 表人體部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, look, sound等。 3. 狀態(tài)類 表事物所處的狀態(tài)，如keep, come, run, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove, turn out等。4. 外表特征類 表外表給人的印象，如appear, seem, look 等。連系動(dòng)詞的作用是后接形容詞或相當(dāng)于形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)。除了少數(shù)幾個(gè)（如feel， get, become, grow等）外，不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。2、主謂結(jié)構(gòu)不及物：He lived in Beijing last year. He is speaking in the room. Listen carefully! Would you go there? If I were you, I would go.3、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞：?jiǎn)钨e語(yǔ)：此結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)夠成。其中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須是及物的動(dòng)詞或及物的動(dòng)詞詞組。賓語(yǔ)須是名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的成分。He is speaking English now. He saw a film yesterday. The desk is made in Beijing.4、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間賓（人）直賓（物）雙賓語(yǔ)：間賓（人）直賓（物）此結(jié)構(gòu)由主語(yǔ)+及物謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)（人）+直接賓語(yǔ)（事物）組成。如，He brings me cookies every day.She made me a beautiful dress.但若要先說(shuō)出直接賓語(yǔ)（事物），后說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)（人），則要借助于介詞to或for,如，He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。用for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise,return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,owe,hand, pass等。（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order,sing, save, spare,等。5、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)I considered him a good man, He asked me to leave. I found him lying on the ground.注意：感官動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ook at, see, watch, notice, observe, listen to, hear, feel, find, catch 等。表“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞稱之為使役動(dòng)詞，如make, let, have, keep, leave, set, send 等。后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的不同形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表達(dá)不同的含義。后接不帶to的不定式表示一個(gè)發(fā)生過(guò)或者還沒發(fā)生具體的動(dòng)作。 后接V-ing形式表正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 后接V-ed形式表被動(dòng)意義。（三）謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系1、他躺在那里。 He lay there。2、他躺在那里望著天空。A.有連詞。He lay there and looked into the sky. B沒有連詞He lay there, looking into the sky.The book written by him sells well.The fallen leaves have rotten.明確兩種關(guān)系：1、與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系（主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系）2、與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系（同時(shí)、之前、之后）例1 Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. 【06湖北-34】A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing例2Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday. 【06山東-33】A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost例3_ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. 【06四川-33】A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face五、并列句It rains. I will stay home.It rained. I stayed at home.It rained so /and I stayed at home.并列連詞：and, or, but, so, for, when, while, neither nor, either or, not but,not only but also六、復(fù)合句Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at home.There are 50 students in our class. 30 of them are girls.There are 50 students in our class and 30 of them are girls.There are 50 students in our class, 30 of whom are girls.連詞狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間when, 1.當(dāng).時(shí)候whenever, every(each) time無(wú)論什么時(shí)候as, 當(dāng)時(shí)候 一邊一邊since,自.開始till, until, 直到時(shí)候?yàn)橹?not until 直到才before, after, 在之前/后as soon as, the moment, immediately, the day, the minute, the second 一就once,一旦no sooner than, hardly(scarcely) when 一就地點(diǎn)Where, 在地方（特指）wherever, everywhere 任何地方（泛指）條件if, unless, as(so) long as, 只要on condition that, 條件是in case, 萬(wàn)一if only，但愿 原因because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that, in that, in view of the fact that(鑒于)讓步though, although, while,雖然even if(though), 即使as,雖然（需倒裝）whatever, wherever, whoever, however, no matter +wh詞，盡管whether or, 要么要么 despite the fact that 盡管比較asas, not the same as, not soas, than方式as, the way 按照as if(though) 似乎，好像目的that, so that, in order that,for fear that, 恐怕結(jié)果so that, so that,太以致于 This is so interesting a book that I like to read it. such that, This is such an interesting book that I like to read it.定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞which, as, that, whose, who, whom關(guān)系副詞where, when, why名詞性從句which, that, whose, who, whom, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever, where, when, why, how, however四、獨(dú)立主格It raining, I stayed at home.With the problems to settle, the boss felt worried.With the problems settled, the boss felt relaxed.With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a good time.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settledWith a lot of dishes to wash, I can not go with you.With a lot of dishes to be washed, the kitchen is out of order.后接V-ing形式動(dòng)詞類： appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, postpone , resist, risk, cant stand, suggest 等。這些動(dòng)詞須接V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。后接不定式與V-ing形式意義不同動(dòng)詞類remember, try, regret, mean, forget, stop, go on, cant help等后接不定式與V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，表達(dá)含義不同。見下表：動(dòng)詞接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)接不定式作賓語(yǔ)cant help禁不住做某事不能幫助做某事mean意味著做某事企圖（打算）做某事regret對(duì)做過(guò)的事表示后悔對(duì)要做的事表示遺憾try嘗試做某事努力做某事remember過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作將來(lái)的動(dòng)作go on繼續(xù)做未完成的事情做完一件事后，接著做另一件事forget忘記以前曾做過(guò)某事忘記做某事stop中斷正在做的事情中斷正在做的事去做別的事后接不定式動(dòng)詞類：afford, agree, choose, determine, expect, decide, learn, offer, manage, hope, want, wish, promise, refuse, fail, pretend, happen等動(dòng)詞，后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。含情感色彩的動(dòng)詞：這類動(dòng)詞有excite, inspire, encourage, interest, satisfy, delight, please, move, frighten, surprise, amaze, astonish, shock, worry, disappoint, discourage, exhaust, puzzle, tire, terrify等。情感動(dòng)詞后接指人的名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，有V-ing和V-ed兩種形式，在句中作賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，V-ing形式指事物，V-ed形式則指人。帶介詞to的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)類：這類短語(yǔ)有be (get) used to, lead to, devoteto, look forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, there is no end to等。當(dāng)它們后面出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要用V-ing形式。dress, lose, hide, seat, call, name等動(dòng)詞，可以跟人作賓語(yǔ)還可以用于系表結(jié)構(gòu)。need, require, want后接ing與不定式區(qū)別根據(jù)分別作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)的詞可以把語(yǔ)法聯(lián)系起來(lái)。所謂的中心就是以動(dòng)詞為核心，明確什么樣的動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)（即有正確的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞形式就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）。明確謂語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，明確非謂語(yǔ)與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)連詞的功能。語(yǔ)法基本就串講完了，做一個(gè)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)圖，使他們的知識(shí)系統(tǒng)化。分析長(zhǎng)句，是閱讀的基本功、寫句子是寫作的基礎(chǔ)，從而做到使語(yǔ)法為讀寫服務(wù)。練習(xí)：1. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. 2007 重慶卷A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished2. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it. 2007 安徽卷 A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished3. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _at the end of last March. 2007 山東卷Ahas been launched Bhaving been launched Cbeing launched Dto be launched4.Its a long time since I saw my sister. _ her this weekend? 2007 全國(guó)卷I A. Why not visit B. why not to visit C. Why not visiting D. Why dont visit5. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _, and asked myself what I was going to do. 2007 湖南卷 A. moved B moving C. to move D. being moved6. Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice! 2007 安徽卷 A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking7. Mary, _ here - everybody else, stay where you are. 【06全國(guó)I卷35】A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming8. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. 2007 全國(guó)卷IIA. opened and closedB. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close9. The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. 2007 上海卷 A. to be completedB. having been completed C. completed D. being completed10. Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon. 2007 四川卷 Asaid Bsays Csaying Dto say11. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. 2007 遼寧卷A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. break12. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.2007 浙江卷 A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard13. that she didnt do a good job, I dont think I am abler than her. 2007 陜西卷A.To have said B.Having said C.To say D.Saying14. _ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. 2007 浙江卷 A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven15. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day. 2007 四川卷A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water16. the safety of gas, the government has checked the citys gas supply system thoroughly. ATo ensureBEnsuringCHaving ensured.DTo have ensured17. The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! 2007 全國(guó)卷I A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving18. All the staff in our company are considering to the city centre for the fashion show. 2007 上海春Ato goBgoingCto have gone Dhaving gone19. My parents have always made me _ about myself, even when I was twelve. 2007 江蘇卷 A. feeling wellB. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good20. Excuse me sir,where is Room 301? Just a minute.Ill have Bob _you to your room. 2007 北京卷A.show B.shows C. to show D. showing21. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English in a short period. 2007 福建卷A.improved B.improvingC.to improve D.improve22. There is nothing more I can try _ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. 2007 上海卷 A. being persuadedB. persuadingC. to be persuaded D. to persuade23. Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop. 2007 山東卷 Ato seal Bto be seated Cseating Dseated24. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ to my new job. (00 N) A. expectedB. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects25. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures. 2007 江蘇卷 A. interestedB. interestingC. interest D. to interest高考單項(xiàng)選擇題的命題角度高考命題者常常利用熟悉的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，或者一些固定搭配來(lái)制造干擾，讓考生在非常神氣的心情中快速地得出錯(cuò)誤的答案。針對(duì)這種情況，我們不妨把它歸納為如下幾種情況：一、利用倒敘的手法將本來(lái)正常的表述內(nèi)容斷開，將后半句提前。解題時(shí)可以考慮將題干撫正，或?qū)⒑蟀刖淇醋魇÷詫⑵溲a(bǔ)齊。I dont think Ill need any money, but Ill bring some _.A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in time二、利用思維定勢(shì)干擾的手法In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _ in my study.A. locking B. lockedC. to lockD. to be locked三、利用答語(yǔ)省略-Nancy is not coming tonight!-But she_! A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised- He was nearly drowned once.- When was _?- It was in 1998 _ he was in middle schoolA. that, that B. that, when C. it, that D. it, when四、利用文化撞擊：母語(yǔ)干擾型Ill come to see you if_.A. youre convenientB. it is convenient for youC. you feel convenientD. it is convenient with you五、插入隔離He ran as fast as he could _the bus.A. catch B. to catch C. catchingD. caughtJim plays football_, if not better than, Mike.A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as六、規(guī)則硬套型My friend Mary is _ beautiful girl， _ girl everyone likes to work with.A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the七、詞性的誤用_ he was in Japan, he visited many places.A. During B. Since C. While D. InI was about to go out _ the telephone rang.A. when B. suddenly C. as soon as D. directly八、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)Mrs Lynn has two daughters_.()，as far as I remember，are both working in the US.A.whom B.and who C.who D.they（一）明確考點(diǎn)：一、高考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞歸納1、連系動(dòng)詞2、感官動(dòng)詞3、使役動(dòng)詞4、含情感色彩的動(dòng)詞5、后接不定式動(dòng)詞6、后接V-ing形式動(dòng)詞7、后接不定式與V-ing形式意義不同動(dòng)詞8、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái)意義動(dòng)詞9、主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)詞10、虛擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞11、省略替代類12、否定轉(zhuǎn)移類13、帶介詞to的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)類14、瞬間動(dòng)詞 15、計(jì)劃未能實(shí)現(xiàn)類16、dress、seat類二、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)1、考查在語(yǔ)境中判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用能力。?？嫉臅r(shí)態(tài)為：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過(guò)去、一般將來(lái)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行、過(guò)去進(jìn)行、現(xiàn)在完成、過(guò)去完成、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行、過(guò)去將來(lái)等。2、時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)；主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)問(wèn)題。3、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。4、及物動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。5、系動(dòng)詞的用法特點(diǎn)。6、某些以主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞的用法。三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)1、 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法2、考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can; could ; may; might; must; should; need 等表示判斷及推測(cè)與時(shí)態(tài)3、考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示是語(yǔ)氣四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)1、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別；2、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞3、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與不定式的區(qū)別把握一個(gè)核心；明確兩種關(guān)系五、名詞性從句與定語(yǔ)從句1、考查其關(guān)聯(lián)詞的區(qū)別2、考查主謂一致3、考查名詞性從句的時(shí)態(tài)4、考查語(yǔ)序5、考查語(yǔ)氣六、狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)各種從屬連詞的含義及用法比較；狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題；狀語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題；狀語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)氣問(wèn)題；狀語(yǔ)從句與其它從句的區(qū)別。七、簡(jiǎn)單句與并列句1、 考查祈使句的用法：祈使句的構(gòu)成；祈使句的反意問(wèn)句；祈使句的回答；祈使句+and(or)+句子的用法。2、 反意疑問(wèn)句：祈使句的反意問(wèn)句；I think +賓語(yǔ)從句的反意問(wèn)句；主從復(fù)合句的反意問(wèn)句；表示判斷的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的反意疑問(wèn)句。3、 并列句：考查并列連詞的用法八、倒裝句完全倒裝、部分倒裝九、名詞考點(diǎn)名詞主要考查名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù);可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換；名詞作定語(yǔ)；名詞的搭配;詞語(yǔ)辨析；近幾年高考主要考查名詞詞義的辨析從93年06年共計(jì)32組，06年全部是詞義辨析。十、代詞考點(diǎn)：人稱代詞：人稱代詞的指代問(wèn)題，人稱代詞之主、賓格的替換，物主代詞，反身代詞；不定代詞的用法比較：both, either, neither, all, any, none、some / any、one，that 和 it 、another / other / the other / others / the others、every 和each、few, little, a few, a little, a bit ; else 的用法； it 的用法： it作人稱代詞,代替前面提到的事物； it作形式賓語(yǔ)、形式主語(yǔ)； It is that.的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；it指代時(shí)間,季節(jié),距離。十一、形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞的基本用法；形容詞和副詞的位置；形容詞和副詞的級(jí)別；常見形容詞和副詞的用法比較。十二、冠詞考點(diǎn)：冠詞的基本用法；冠詞泛指、特指、類指于專指的區(qū)別；冠詞的習(xí)慣用法；冠詞的語(yǔ)序十三、介詞考點(diǎn)：考查介詞的基本用法；介詞與動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞搭配；with 后接賓語(yǔ)與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。十四、主謂一致考點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)法一致原則：用and連接兩個(gè)并列成分、介詞、with 伴隨主語(yǔ)、各種代詞的主謂一致、短語(yǔ)和從句作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致；就近原則；意義一致原則。十五、交際用語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)交際用語(yǔ)命題的特點(diǎn)是靈活、短小、前后語(yǔ)連接緊湊。大于多呈現(xiàn)省略狀態(tài)，而且語(yǔ)言場(chǎng)景突出。掌握好日常交際用語(yǔ)的41個(gè)項(xiàng)目是得分的關(guān)鍵。二、備考建議（1）把握考點(diǎn)、突破重點(diǎn)、遠(yuǎn)離偏、難、怪，基礎(chǔ)和落實(shí)是關(guān)鍵（2）用好考綱詞匯，突出重點(diǎn)詞匯和高頻詞匯（尤其是活躍動(dòng)詞），強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)境用詞注意一詞多義 （重點(diǎn)）(cover, run, reach, play, stand, beat, spare)固定搭配 （?？紕?dòng)詞15個(gè)：take, get, bring, ask, catch, put, come, give, keep, make, break, hold, look, go, turn）1.beof抽象名詞2.the形容詞副詞比較級(jí)，the 形容詞副詞比較級(jí)3.not no never nothing 比較級(jí)4.比較級(jí)than any other 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞5.the比較級(jí)of6.as形容詞原級(jí)（a an）名詞as7.as形容詞副詞原級(jí)as，比較級(jí)than8.the same 名詞as9.倍數(shù)比較級(jí)than，倍數(shù)as原級(jí)as，倍數(shù)the size heightlength weight width of10. no longernotany longer11. 形容詞副詞enough to do sth12. （much）tooto do sth13. where14. How soon15. There be16. In case17. keep preventstop sb（sth）from doing（being done）18. have keep make getdrive sendset leave sb（sth）賓補(bǔ)19have sthDone20make oneself done21used to do sth22warn sb（not）to do against doing sth23spend waste time in doing sth24cant help doing sth25sbwould（should）like（love）to do sth26Given27情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（not）have 過(guò)去分詞28so that29suchthat30tilluntil31the first time32before33Itbe一段時(shí)間since從句34It is was the firstlastsecond third time 從句35As is known to all36no matter 特殊疑問(wèn)詞37What （aanadj）名詞Howadjadv主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)38Itthat what whether howwhen主語(yǔ)從句或to do sth doing sth39think make find feelkeepit賓補(bǔ)40It is was 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that（who）41Only 副詞介詞短語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句42Never Little Not a Hardly In no time In no way In no case Seldom Scarcely Barely Rarely NowhereBy no means be 助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) 43Soadjbe助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ) (倒裝)44adjadvnasthough/ that 主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)45No soonerthan Hardly（Scarcely）when（before）46not onlybut（also）47Neither Nor be 助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)48Sobe助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)與So主語(yǔ)be助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞49do you think？ 50It is said reported thoughtbelieved announced that51This is speaking52do nothing but do sth./ cannot but do/ cannot help but do/ cannot choose but do./ have no choice but to do53d like to，d love to，be going to， mean to，ought to，try to，plan to，be glad to，be happy to54Im sorry，but55Why not 動(dòng)詞原形？56Do Would you mind？57How What about？58That It be adjof sbto do sth59prefer to do sthrather