初三英語《現在完成時》PPT課件

.,1,*現在完成時*,.,2,現在完成時是由助動詞have（has）+過去分詞構成其否定句在Have/has后加not.一般疑問句把have/has提到主語前.動詞的過去分詞：規(guī)則變化（和過去時一樣）不規(guī)則變化：,.,3,不規(guī)則變化：am/is-was-beenare-were-beenbegin-began-begunbreak-broke-brokendo-did-donedraw-drew-drawndrink-drank-drunkdrive-drove-driveneat-ate-eatenfall-fell-fallenfly-flew-flownforget-forgot-forgottengive-gave-givengo-went-gonegrow-grew-grownhide-hid-hiddenknow-knew-knownlie-lay-lainride-rode-riddenring-rang-rungshow-showed-shownsee-saw-seensing-sang-sungspeak-spoke-spokentake-took-takencome-came-comerun-ranrunbecome-became-become,.,4,1。表過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果,例如Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.我剛洗過衣服。（“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動作，對現在造成的結果是“衣服干凈了”）Ihavejusthadmybreakfast.(對現在的影響：不餓)通常與表示包括現在在內的時間副詞just（剛剛）,already（已經）,before,yet（一般疑問：已經；否定句：還）never,ever等狀語連用Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.Haveyoueverriddenahorse?Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?Yes,Ihavedonethatalready.Ivejustfinishedmyhomework.Hehasnotcomeyet.,.,5,2。表示過去已經開始，持續(xù)到現在的動作或狀態(tài)，也可以表示實質可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。通常和for（段時間）,since（點時間）引導的時間狀語連用.以及sofar,bynow,thesedays,inthelasttenyears等連用。Ihavebeenhereforjustovertwoyears.Hehasworkedheresince1989.從1989年，,Ihaventseenherthesedays.ShehaslearntEnglishfor3years/since3yearsago.Theyhavelivedheresince1990.WhathashappenedtotheUSAinthelast350years?,.,6,注意點一：現在完成時與一般過去時的用法比較現在完成時表示過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現在甚至會繼續(xù)下去或表示過去的動作對現在造成的影響；一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生的時間在過去?，F在完成時屬于現在時態(tài)范圍，因此，不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday,lastnight,twoweeksago等試比較：Theplanehasarrived.飛機已經來了。（說明現在的情況：飛機在這兒）Theplanearrivedaquarterago.飛機是一刻中以前來的。（強調動作發(fā)生的時間在過去）Ihavetaughthereforfifteenyears.我在這兒已經教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動作一直延續(xù)到現在，還可能會繼續(xù)。）Itaughthereforayear.我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示“我“現在已經不在這兒任教了）,.,7,PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.A:火車已經開走了.B:什么時候開走的?A:半個小時之前開走的.A:這本書我已經買了兩年了.B:你在哪兒買的?A:在我老家買的.A:你看過這部電影嗎?B:看過.A:什么時候看的.B:上周星期天看的.,A:Thetrainhasleft.,B:Whendiditleave.,A:Itlefthalfanhourago.,A:haveyouseenthefilm?B:Yes,Ihave.A:Whendidyouseeit?B:IsawitlastSunday.,A:Ivehadthebookfortwoyears.B:Wheredidyoubuyit?A:Iboughtitinmyhometown.,.,8,注意點二、非延續(xù)性動詞與現在完成時短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段連用，這些動詞是：become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,gettoknow,go,join,leave,marry等。為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應的延續(xù)性動詞have，keep等來代替非延續(xù)性動詞。他入黨五年了。HejoinedthePartyfiveyearsago.HehasbeeninthePartyforfiveyears.HehasbeenaPartymemberforfiveyears.itisfiveyearssincehejoinedtheParty電影開始五分鐘了。Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.Itisfiveminutessincethefilmbegan,.,9,瞬間動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉換,come/gobe(in)leavebeawayborrowkeepbuyhavediebedeadgettoknowknowbeginbeongooutbeoffgooutbeoffarrivebehere/theremarry/getmarried(to)bemarried(to)begintowork/study/livework/study/leavefallasleep/gettosleepbeasleepjointhePartybeintheParty/beamemberof,.,10,.,11,1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor2weeks.()2.Thefilmhasbegunfor5minutes.(),ABC,ABC,Bkept,Bbeenon,3.這輛自行車我買了兩年了。Ive_thebike_twoyears.,4.HeleftNanjingtwoyearsago.He_Nanjingfortwoyears.,5.Themonkeydiedlastmonth.Themonkey_foramonth.,6.A:Honglong_you_()B:Twoweeks.A.did,getillB.have,fallenillC.were,illD.have,beenill,hadfor,hasbeenawayfrom,hasbeendead,D,.,12,注意點三：havebeenin,havebeento與havegoneto的用法1、have(has)beenin表示“在某地（多長時間）”，現在仍在那里。常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗來上海已經有三天了。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他們到加拿大有五年了。2、have(has)beento表示“曾經去過某地”，現在已經不在那里了?？膳cjust,ever,never等連用，例如：Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我剛才去郵局了。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.瑪麗從未去過長城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhoubefore?你以前曾經去過杭州嗎？Have(has)beento后面可接次數，表示去過某地幾次。例如：Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他們去過那個村莊好幾次了。3、have(has)goneto意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊?，說話時該人不在現場，例如：-WhereisTom?-Hehasgonetothebookshop.他到書店去了。JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon.杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。,.,13,練習：用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空A:Where_1_LiFei_1_?B:He_2_toHainanIsland.A:Howlong_3_he_3_there?B:He_4_thereforthreedays.A:Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B:Imafraidhewontcomebackrecently.A:CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?B:Sorry,I_5_never_5_there.A:Howmanytimes_6_LiFei_6_tothatplace?B:He_7_thereonlyonce.,.,14,用括號中所給的動詞的適當形式完成下列句子。1.Mary_(lose)herpen._you_(see)ithereandthere?2._you_(find)yourwatchyet?3.-Areyouthirsty?-NO,I_just_(have)someorange.4.We_already_(return)thebook.5._they_(build)anewschoolinthevillage?6.-HasTomtaughtyouEnglish?-Yes,he_(teach)usEnglishfortwoyears.7.I_(notfinish)myhomeworkyet.Canyouhelpme?8.What_they_(do)withthenewaper?Theyhavereadthem.9.-Thedoorisopen.Who_(open)it?Doyouknow?-Sorry,Idontknow.10.Myfather_(read)thenoveltwice.11.WuDong_(be)asoldierforoneyear.12.Thestudents_(study)inthemiddleschoolsincelastmon