unit 3 overview 泛讀第四冊(cè)課件

UNIT3OVERVIEWINTHISUNITYOUWILLREADAREPORTABOUTGMFOODTAKEATESTONFASTREADINGREADAHUMOROUSSTORYABOUTPREPARINGDINNERTHROUGHTHEINTERNETREADANINTERESTINGESSAYONTHEMETAPHORSOFFOODFOODFIGHTBYJEFFREYKLUGERNOWADAYSMOREANDMOREGENETICALLYENGINEEREDCROPSCOMEINTOBEINGANDBECOMEPARTOFOURDAILYFOODARETHEYSAFETOBECONSUMEDDONTTHEYHAVEANYBADEFFECTSTHEPUBLICBECOMESKEPTICALABOUTTHEM,ANDEVENPROTESTAGAINSTTHEMTHEGOVERNMENTSHAVEBEENINAHEATEDBATTLEOVERTHEISSUEWHATSTHERESULTOFTHEBATTLECANPROTESTERSGETWHATTHEYWANTPLEASEREADTHEFOLLOWINGARTICLEFORTHEANSWERSTHEFOLKSATMCDONALDSCOULDNOTHAVEEXPECTEDANESPECIALLYWARMRECEPTIONINFRANCE,BUTTHEMANUREINTHEPARKINGLOTSSTILLMUSTHAVETAKENTHEMBYSURPRISEFORTHEPASTTHREEWEEKSITSBEENHARDTOVISITAMCDONALDSANYWHEREINFRANCEWITHOUTRUNNINGTHERISKOFENCOUNTERINGMOUNTAINSOFFRESHMANUREASWELLASNOTSOFRESHFRUITSANDVEGETABLESDUMPEDINFRONTOFTHERESTAURANTSBYPROTESTINGFARMERSTHERESALOTABOUTMCDONALDSTHATANGERSTHEFARMERSITSSAMENESS,ITSBLANDNESS,THECULINARYHEGEMONYITREPRESENTSYETATTHEOUTSETTHEDEMONSTRATIONSWEREREMARKABLYGENTEEL,WITHPROTESTERSOCCUPYINGRESTAURANTSANDOFFERINGCUSTOMERSANALTERNATIVEMEALOFBAGUETTESSTUFFEDWITHCHEESEORFOIEGRASBUTLATELYTHINGSHAVETURNEDNASTYPROTESTERSAREFINDINGEVERMORETODISLIKEABOUTTHEUNIQUELYAMERICANFOODESPECIALLYTHEVERYGENESTHATMAKETHEMCDONALDSBEEFORBUNORPOTATOWHATITISAROUNDTHEWORLDPEOPLEARETAKINGACLOSERLOOKATTHEGENETICMAKEUPOFWHATTHEYREEATINGANDGROWINGUNEASYWITHWHATTHEYSEEOVERTHEPASTDECADE,GENETICALLYMODIFIEDGMFOODHASBECOMEANINCREASINGLYCOMMONPHENOMENONASSCIENTISTSHAVEREWOVENTHEGENESOFCOUNTLESSFRUITSANDVEGETABLES,TURNINGEVERYDAYCROPSINTOBERCROPSABLETORESISTFROST,WITHSTANDHERBICIDESANDEVENPRODUCETHEIROWNPESTICIDESINALL,MORETHAN4500GMPLANTSHAVEBEENTESTED,ANDATLEAST40INCLUDING13VARIETIESOFCORN,11VARIETIESOFTOMATOESANDFOURVARIETIESOFSOYBEANSHAVECLEAREDGOVERNMENTREVIEWSFORBIOTECHCOMPANIESSUCHASMONSANTO,BASEDINTHEUS,ANDNOVARTISAG,BASEDINSWITZERLAND,THERISEOFGMTECHNOLOGYHASMEANTBOOMTIMESSALESOFGMSEEDSROSEINVALUEFROM75MILLIONIN1995TO15BILLIONLASTYEAR,ANDTHECROPSTHEYPRODUCEARETURNINGUPNOTONLYONPRODUCESHELVESBUTALSOINPROCESSEDFOODSFROMCOOKIESTOPOTATOCHIPSTOBABYFOODBUTMANYPEOPLEQUESTIONWHETHERITSAGOODIDEAFORFALLIBLEHUMANBEINGSTOGOMUCKINGABOUTWITHTHEGENESOFOTHERSPECIESITSONETHINGIFASCIENTIFICEXPERIMENTGOESWRONGINALAB,THEYSAY,BUTSOMETHINGELSEENTIRELYIFITWINDSUPONYOURDINNERPLATETODATE,THERESNOTHINGTOSUGGESTTHATREENGINEEREDPLANTSHAVEEVERDONEANYONEANYHARMNONETHELESS,THEEUROPEANUNIONHASBLOCKEDTHEIMPORTATIONOFSOMEGMCROPS,ANDSINCE1997HASREQUIREDTHATFOODSTHATCONTAINENGINEEREDDNAMUSTBELABELEDASSUCHPLENTYOFTRADEWATCHERSINWASHINGTONSEETHEEUROPEANACTIONSASONEMORETWEAKFROMANINCREASINGLYPOWERFULEUNOLONGERINTIMIDATEDBYUSECONOMICMIGHTWHILETHATMAYBE,THEFACTREMAINSTHATTHEUSCONGRESSMAYADDRESSALABELINGBILLOFITSOWNLATERTHISYEAR,ANDSOMEPRIVATEGROUPSARETHREATENINGLAWSUITSTOFORCETHEISSUEEVENWITHOUTLEGALACTION,PUBLICOPINIONISTURNINGAMORESKEPTICALEYEONGMTECHNOLOGY“THEFARMERSINFRANCEARERIGHT,”O(jiān)BSERVESDENNISDEMOCRATFROMCLEVELAND,OHIO,WHOSTUMBLEDACROSSTHEGMFOODISSUETHISYEAR,ANDISTURNINGITINTOSOMETHINGOFACAUSE“THERESNOTHINGMOREPERSONALTHANFOOD“IFTHEOUTCRYINFRANCEINDEEDPORTENDSGLOBALTROUBLE,ITSBYNOMEANSCLEARWHETHERITOUGHTTOFORALLTHECONTROVERSYTHATGMTECHNOLOGYISCAUSING,THEFACTISTHATBIOTECHCOMPANIESHAVESUCCEEDEDINDREAMINGUPSOMEEXTRAORDINARYPLANTSMONSANTO,WHICHPRODUCESTHEHUGELYPOPULARHERBICIDEROUNDUP,HASMADEJUSTASBIGAHITWITHITSLINEOFGENETICALLYMODIFIEDCROPSTHATAREIMMUNETOTHEROUNDUPPOISONTHANKSTOAGENETHATCOMPANYSCIENTISTSTWEEZEDOUTOFTHECOMMONPETUNIAANDKNITTEDINTOTHEIRFOODPLANTSOTHERGMCROPSHAVEBEENDESIGNEDTOINCLUDEAFEWSCRAPSOFDNAFROMACOMMONBACTERIUM,RENDERINGTHEPLANTSTOXICTOLEAFCHEWINGINSECTSBUTNOTTOHUMANSSUCHSOUPEDUPPLANTSAREUNDERSTANDABLYPOPULARWITHFARMERS,FORWHOMEVENASLIGHTINCREASEINYIELDCANMEANABIGINCREASEINPROFITSLASTYEARINTHEUS,35OFTHESOYCROPAND42OFTHECOTTONCROPWEREGROWNWITHGMSEEDSSAYSKARENMARSHALL,AMONSANTOSPOKESWOMAN“THESEREALLYDOWORKANDHAVETREMENDOUSBENEFITSTOGROWERS”BUTWHATHAPPENSWHENTHEYDONTWORKSEVERALYEARSAGO,ACOMPANYDEVELOPEDASOYBEANWITHSOMEGENETICTHREADSBORROWEDFROMTHEBRAZILNUTINANATTEMPTTOBOOSTTHEBEANSAMINOACIDCONTENTTHESOYBEGANACTINGLIKETHENUTSOMUCHSOTHATITCHURNEDOUTNOTJUSTAMINOACIDSBUTALSOCHEMICALSTHATCANTRIGGERALLERGIESINNUTSENSITIVECONSUMERSTHECOMPANYQUICKLYSCRAPPEDTHEPRODUCTLASTMAYASTUDYPUBLISHEDBYCORNELLUNIVERSITYSHOWEDTHATPOLLENFROMSOMESTRAINSOFCORNWITHBUILTINPESTICIDESCANKILLTHELARVAOFTHEMONARCHBUTTERFLY,APESTBYNOBODYSSTANDARDS“WHENBUTTERFLIESSTARTDYING,”SAYSKUCINICH,“ITHINKITSFAIRTOSTARTASKINGQUESTIONS”O(jiān)VERSEAS,THEYHAVEBEENASKINGTHEMFORSOMETIMEINRECENTYEARSEUROPEANSHAVEBECOMEINCREASINGLYJUMPYABOUTBADFOODANDWITHGOODREASONSINCETHEOUTBREAKOFMADCOWDISEASEIN1996,THEAPPEARANCEOFDIOXINCONTAMINATEDBELGIANCHICKENSLASTMAYANDTHELATERRECALLOFCONTAMINATEDCANSOFCOCACOLAINFRANCEANDTHEBENELUXNATIONS,HEALTHOFFICIALSHAVEGROWNFUSSIERABOUTWHATTHEIRCITIZENSCONSUMESINCE1990THEEUHASAPPROVEDTHESALEOF18GMPRODUCTSTHEUSGOVERNMENTVIEWSGMCOMPONENTSINFOODSASMEREADDITIVESANDTHUSDOESNOTREQUIRETHEFOODANDDRUGADMINISTRATIONTOAPPROVETHEMTHISYEARTHEEUBANNEDTHEIMPORTATIONOFNONAPPROVEDGMCORNINTHEUS,GMSTRAINSAREMIXEDWITHORDINARYSTRAINS,SOTHECOUNTRYSENTIRECORNEXPORTTOEUROPEWASEFFECTIVELYOUTLAWED“UNTILWEHAVENEWRULES,WEDONTWANTNEWSUBSTANCESRELEASED,”SAYSJRGENTRITTIN,GERMANYSENVIRONMENTMINISTER“ITSADEFACTOMORATORIUM”BUTONECOUNTRYSMORATORIUMISANOTHERCOUNTRYSPROTECTIONISM,ANDTHEUSISSUSPICIOUSOFEUROPESACTIONTENSIONBETWEENTHEUSANDTHEEUWASALREADYRUNNINGHIGHRECENTLYAFTEREUROPEDECIDEDTOCONTINUEABANONHORMONERAISEDUSBEEFANDTHEUSHITBACKWITHA100TARIFFONSOMEEUFOODEXPORTSCOMINGINTHEMIDSTOFSUCHACATFIGHT,THEGMBANLOOKSLIKEVENGEANCEASMUCHASPRUDENCEWHATSMORE,IFEUROPEISSOWORRIEDABOUTGMPRODUCTS,WHYISITGROWINGTHEMFRANCEPRODUCESITSOWNSMALLCROPOFGMCORNANDUSESMOREOFTHESTUFFTHANANYOTHERCOUNTRYINEUROPETHETRANSATLANTICFOODFIGHTWILLPROBABLYBEHIGHONTHEAGENDAOFTHEWORLDTRADEORGANIZATIONWHENITMEETSINNOVEMBERGOODNEWSFORCOMPANIESLIKEMONSANTOTWOYEARSAGO,CHIEFEXECUTIVEROBERTSHAPIROGAMBLEDBIGONBIOTECH,SPINNINGOFFTHECOMPANYSCHEMICALDIVISIONTOFOCUSONTHENEWSCIENCEWHILETHEMOVEMADEMONSANTOAWALLSTREETDARLINGFORAWHILE,INVESTORSARENTASSWEETONITANYMOREAYEARAGO,MONSANTOSTOCKPERCHEDATALOFTY63TODAYITSMIREDINTHEUPPER30SEVENTSINWASHINGTONCOULDMAKETHINGSWORSESINCELAWMAKERSHAVENOTYETADDRESSEDTHELABELINGQUESTION,PRIVATEGROUPSAREHOPINGTOTAKETHELEADENVIRONMENTALORGANIZATIONS,ALONGWITHJEWISHANDMUSLIMGROUPS,HAVEWADEDIN,LOBBYINGTHEFDAFORLABELINGANDINSOMECASESFILINGSUITSTOCOMPELITTHEIRLEGALCLAIMISBOLSTEREDBYINTERNALFDAMEMOSINWHICHTHEAGENCYSOWNSCIENTISTSEXPRESSEDDOUBTSABOUTGMPRODUCTSASCIENTISTNOTEDTHE“PROFOUNDDIFFERENCE”BETWEENGENETICALLYENGINEEREDCROPSTHOUGHHESTRESSEDTHATDIFFERENTNEEDNTMEANDANGEROUSSTILL,ITSBECOMINGCLEARINWASHINGTONTHATTHELABELINGPROBLEMISNOTGOINGAWAYUSAGRICULTURESECRETARYDANGLICKMANADMITSTHATULTIMATELYTHEACTIVISTSWILLPROBABLYPREVAILGLICKMANHOPESTHATLABELSWILLNOTBEWRITTENTOALARMCONSUMERSBUTINSTEADTOINFORMTHEM,LETTINGTHEMKNOWTHATWHILEAPRODUCTWASMANUFACTUREDWITHTHEAIDOFGENETICTECHNIQUES,ITCANALSO,SAY,LOWERCHOLESTEROLFORNOW,THEMOSTGMFOESCANHOPETOPUSHTHROUGHANAGRIFRIENDLYCONGRESSISAPROPOSALFORVOLUNTARYLABELINGTHATBIOTECHCOMPANIESWOULDBEFREETOHONORORIGNOREINADEMANDDRIVENMARKET,HOWEVER,THEYWOULDIGNOREITATTHEIRPERILINEUROPETHEGERBERBABYFOODCOMPANY,ADIVISIONOFNOVARTIS,GAVEINTOANTIGMSENTIMENTSANDANNOUNCEDTHATITSPRODUCTSWOULDNOLONGERCONTAINGENETICALLYMODIFIEDINGREDIENTS“THISDECISIONWASNOTASAFETYISSUE,”INSISTSNOVARTISSPOKESMANMARKHILL,“BUTRATHERARESPONSETOPREFERENCEEXPRESSEDBYOURCONSUMERS”NOTFORTHELASTTIME,TOBESURE,ITSCONSUMERSWHOWILLHAVETHEFINALWORD1411WORDSFROMTIME,SEPTEMBER,1999DDISCUSSINGTHEFOLLOWINGTOPICS1WHATIS“GENETICALLYMODIFIEDFOOD”AREYOUINFAVOROFCONSUMINGGMFOODWHY答案GENETICALLYMODIFIEDFOODISMADEFROMCROPSANDVEGETABLESGENETICALLYCHANGEDBYSCIENTISTSGMFOODHASAROUSEDGREATDISSENTIONSAMONGGOVERNMENTS,SCIENTISTS,FARMERS,ANDCONSUMERSONONEHANDARETHEHIGHQUALITYCROPSDUETOTHEGENETECHNIQUE,ONTHEOTHERHANDARETHEPOTENTIALRISKS（WHILEGIVINGYOURIDEAS,CONSIDERTHEINTERESTSOFDIFFERENTPEOPLES）2WHATSYOURCOMMENTONTHELASTSENTENCEOFTHEARTICLE“ITSCONSUMERSWHOWILLHAVETHEFINALWORD”FROMTHETEXTWECANSEETHATTHEFOODFIGHTBETWEENTHEUSANDTHEEUCOMESASMUCHFROMTHECONCERNFORTHEIROWNINTERESTSASFROMSAFETYCONSIDERATIONSWHILETHEEUBANNEDTHENONPROVEDGMFOODFROMTHEUS,FRANCEISSTILLCHURNINGOUTGMCROPSANYWAY,ITSHOWSTHATPEOPLEAREMOREALERTTOTHEPOTENTIALDANGERSOFTHEGMFOOD（YOURCOMMENTSCANBEPOSITIVEORNEGATIVECONSIDERTHATWHILETHECONSUMERSATTITUDESDETERMINETHEPOPULARITYOFTHEGMFOOD,THEGOVERNMENT,SCIENTIFICRESEARCH,MEDIAPROPAGANDAANDOTHERFACTORSCANINFLUENCETHECONSUMERSDECISIONS）TEXT2EXERCISESADINNERMARGARETSBYMARGARETCARLSONWHATADELICIOUSASSIGNMENTINVITE12PEOPLETODINNERATMYWASHINGTONHOUSE,COMEUPWITHANYMENUIWANT,HIRESOMEONETOSERVEANDCLEANUP,ANDCHARGETHEWHOLEFEASTTOTHECOMPANYICOULDHEARTHECHAMPAGNECORKSPOPPINGTHEREWEREAFEWDIFFICULTIESEVERYTHINGHADTOBECOMEFROMTHEINTERNET,NOGOINGTOTHESTORE,ANDIWOULDHAVETOWRITEABOUTITTHERESNOSUCHTHINGASAFREEDINNERIMMEDIATELY,IEMAILEDANINVITATIONTOOURLOCALINTERNETHERO,AMERICANONLINECEOSTEVECASEAREPLYCAMEBYPHONEWOULDWEMINDFAXINGTHEINFORMATIONNOTATALL,BUTIFMRYOUVEGOTMAILREGRESSESTOOLDTECH,CANECOMMERCEREALLYBETHATEASYWITHCASEONBOARD,ANDTIMESPERSONOFTHEYEARISSUETODANGLEBEFOREGUESTS,IPURSUEDANOAHSARKTHEORYOFWHOELSETOINVITETWOMEMBERSOFCONGRESS,TWOTEACHERS,TWOCANDLESTICKMAKERSIWARNEDEVERYONETHEYWOULDBETIMESGUINEAPIGSWITHTHEPARTYSETFORSUNDAYNIGHT,THEPLANWASTOGIVEMYSELFAWEEKTOORDER,ALWAYSSTARTINGONLINEBUTRESORTINGTO800NUMBERSINAPINCH,FINDAMIDDLEGROUNDBETWEENORDERINGTHETOTALLYEXOTICALLIGATORMEATANDTHERELIABLYPROSAICHAM,ANDDEFAULTTOVENDORSINCALIFORNIAWHENINDOUBT,FIGURINGTHOSEGUYSINSILICONVALLEYSURELYHAVEDISCOVEREDHOWTOSTUFFATURKEYTHROUGHAMODEMFIRSTTHINGSFIRSTINEEDEDANEWSALTSHAKERANDATABLECLOTHTHATACTUALLYFITIORDEREDBOTHFROMWILLIAMSSONOMAWILLIAMSSONOMACOMTHISISWHEREIFIRSTFELTSCREENRAGE,ARISKATMANYSITESTHISARISESAFTERYOUVEJUSTFILLEDINEVERYLASTSCRAPOFPERSONALDATA,EXCEPTYOURSHOESIZEANDSATSCORES,ANDTHESCREENFREEZESONYOUDONTTHINKTHATMRINTERNETHASSAVEDANYTHINGFORYOUIFGODISAWOMAN,THENTHEWEBISAMAN,SILENTANDINDIFFERENT,WITHASHORTATTENTIONSPANYOUHAVETOSTARTOV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