【語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)攻】2016年高考英語(yǔ)一輪精講精練：英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和成分分析(含詳解)

1、簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)12正確的英語(yǔ)句子都要符合一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)要求。英語(yǔ)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型。英語(yǔ)句子都可以看作是這五種句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝構(gòu)成的。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)，也是學(xué)好其他語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的前提。英語(yǔ)五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)如下：用符號(hào)表示為： （主謂） （主謂賓） （主謂間賓直賓） （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)） （主系表）主語(yǔ)（subject）謂語(yǔ)（predicate）賓語(yǔ)（object）定語(yǔ)（attribute）狀語(yǔ) (adverbial)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（complement）表語(yǔ)（predicative）考點(diǎn)1. 基本句型一： （主謂）這類(lèi)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是不及物動(dòng)詞，

2、都不帶賓語(yǔ)，但可以帶狀語(yǔ)。如: It is raining now. ( )Weve worked for 5 hours. ( )The meeting lasted half an hour. ( )Time flies. ( )練習(xí)1. 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種。1. Dark clouds hung overhead. ( )2. Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( )3. He is smiling all over his face. ( )4. I did well in English. (

3、)5. He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. ( )考點(diǎn)2. 基本句型三： （主謂賓）此結(jié)構(gòu)是由“主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞（詞組）+賓語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成。She likes English.We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.練習(xí)2. 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種。1. People all over the world speak English. 2. Jim cannot dress himself. 3. All of us believe that Jack

4、is an honest boy. 4. He did not know what to say. 5. He just wanted to stay at home.6. He practices speaking English every day.考點(diǎn)3. 基本句型四：(主謂間賓 直賓）有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，如：give“給”，pass“遞”，bring“帶”，show“展示”。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)通常一個(gè)指人，為間接賓語(yǔ)；一個(gè)指物，為直接賓語(yǔ)。間接賓語(yǔ)一般位于直接賓語(yǔ)之前。一般的順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)。如：He gave me a cup of tea. ( ) She

5、bought me some books. ( )若直接賓語(yǔ)為人稱(chēng)代詞，通常不能放在后面。如：不能說(shuō) Bring me it, please.而要說(shuō)Bring it to me, please.有時(shí)候?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ)，把間接賓語(yǔ)放到后面，于是就構(gòu)成了：動(dòng)詞 + 直接賓語(yǔ) + 介詞（to或for）+ 間接賓語(yǔ)。He gave a cup of tea to me.She bought some books for me.Show this house to Mr. Smith.常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞有：間接賓語(yǔ)放后面時(shí)前面要加to的動(dòng)詞：allow, bring, deny, give, hand

6、, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。間接賓語(yǔ)放后面時(shí)前面要加for的動(dòng)詞：buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏), save, sing, spare等。一般用to多些，用for的記住常用的三個(gè)就行：get, buy, make。He got an English-Chinese Dictionary for me.She bought a

7、 book for John.My uncle made a kite for me.練習(xí)3. 分析下列句子成分，口頭說(shuō)出間接賓語(yǔ)和直接賓語(yǔ)。1. She ordered herself a new dress.2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3. He brought you a dictionary. 4. He denies her nothing. 5. I showed him my pictures.6. I gave my car a wash.7. I told him that the bus was late.8. H

8、e showed me how to run the machine.考點(diǎn)4. 基本句型五： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）有些動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，賓語(yǔ)后必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分才能使意思完整。所加的成分就是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。看下面這句話：He asked me to lend him some money.他讓我借給他一些錢(qián)。“me”是賓語(yǔ)，“to lend him some money”是賓補(bǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)合一起意思為“我借給他一些錢(qián)”。從意思上看，這像一句話，“我”是主語(yǔ)，“借給他一些錢(qián)”是謂語(yǔ)部分，但在英語(yǔ)原句中，它

9、們卻不是真正的主謂關(guān)系，而是邏輯上的“主謂關(guān)系”，即：從意思上看像主謂關(guān)系，而實(shí)際上不是。練習(xí)4. 判斷下列句中畫(huà)線部分是否是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。(是的填T，不是的填F)1. I want him to come at once. ( )2. He lent me some money. ( )3. He made the boy cry again. ( )4. The teacher found him cheating in the exam. ( )5. Dont leave the door open at night. ( )練習(xí)5. 分析下列句子并劃分成分，在后面的括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明是什么充當(dāng)句

10、子的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。1. They appointed him manager. （ ）2. They painted the door green. （ ）3. He pushed the door open. （ ）4. They found the house deserted. （ ）5. What makes him think so? （ ）6. We saw him out. （ ）7. He asked me to come back soon. （ ）8. I saw them getting on the bus. （ ）9. We all think it a pity th

11、at she didnt come here. （ ）10. Ill have my bike repaired. （ ）11. We elected him monitor. （ ）12. Dont keep the lights burning. （ ）考點(diǎn)5. 基本句型二： （主系表）系動(dòng)詞主要是be；但還有一些實(shí)義動(dòng)詞候有時(shí)候也可作系動(dòng)詞，這類(lèi)系動(dòng)詞有人稱(chēng)之為半系動(dòng)詞。A. 如何辨別系動(dòng)詞有些動(dòng)詞既可作連系動(dòng)詞，又可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。如何來(lái)辨別呢？有一個(gè)最簡(jiǎn)便的方法，即用連系動(dòng)詞be替換句子中的這些動(dòng)詞，句子仍然成立且句意變化不大就是連系動(dòng)詞；反之，不能替換的，就是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。如： She

12、looks beautiful. (looks變?yōu)閕s之后，她是美麗的，句意沒(méi)有大的變化，looks是系動(dòng)詞。) Look at the picture.(look不能換為be, 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。) He felt the book with his right hand.(feel是“摸”的意思，不能換為was, 是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。) The silk feels soft.(這種絲綢摸起來(lái)很柔軟，feels換為is之后，句意變化不大，因此是系動(dòng)詞。)可以看出：半系動(dòng)詞后面大部分情況跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。練習(xí)6. 辨別下列斜體動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞還是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。1. The door stays open at ni

13、ght.2. He tasted the food, and the food tasted delicious.3. The book still lies open on the desk.4. What he said proved true.5. He cant proved his theory(理論).B. 常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞i 狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞 用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有be一詞。如： He is a teacher. 他是一名教師。ii 持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞 用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。如：He kept silent at

14、the meeting. 他開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí)保持沉默。 This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一個(gè)謎。The food stays fresh in the fridge.食物在冰箱里仍然很新鮮。The house stood empty for years.房子空了數(shù)年。He lies awake in bed.他躺在床上，醒著。iii 表“像”系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示“看起來(lái)像”這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。如：Something seems wrong. 好像出差錯(cuò)了。He appears young. 他看起來(lái)很年輕。 iv 感官系動(dòng)詞感官系動(dòng)詞主要

15、有l(wèi)ook“看起來(lái)”，feel“摸起來(lái)”, smell“聞起來(lái)”, sound“聽(tīng)起來(lái)”, taste“嘗起來(lái)”。This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布手感很軟。This flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來(lái)很香。 v 變化系動(dòng)詞這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣。變化系動(dòng)詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。He became mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。She grew rich within a short time. 她沒(méi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就富了。He

16、fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。Eggs go bad easily in summer. 蛋夏天容易變壞。His face went red.他的臉變紅了。What he had dreamt of came true.他的夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。Still waters run deep.靜水流深。vi 終止系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達(dá)“證實(shí)”，“變成”之意。如：The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實(shí)有假。His plan turned out a success. 他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。（turn out表終止性結(jié)果）Wh

17、at he predicted turned out (to be) wrong.他預(yù)言的結(jié)果是錯(cuò)的。練習(xí)7. 用下劃線畫(huà)出下列句中的系動(dòng)詞。1. His advice proved right. 2. The shop stays open till 8 oclock. 3. The machine went wrong. 4. All these efforts seem in vain. 5. These words sound reasonable. 6. The room soon became crowded. 7. The days are getting longer and

18、longer. 8. He fell ill yesterday. 9. Trees turn green in spring. 10. What you said sounds great.C. 系動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，要和表語(yǔ)一起作謂語(yǔ)He is a student. ( )Your idea sounds great. ( )D. 在一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單句中，一般情況要有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要注意：介詞短語(yǔ)和形容詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，要和系動(dòng)詞一起作謂語(yǔ)。改錯(cuò)： Our school very beautiful and we like it very much. Your book on the desk.考點(diǎn)6

19、. there be 句型此句型是由“there + be + 主語(yǔ) + 狀語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)“存在有”。它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，實(shí)義主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞（也有看作形式主語(yǔ)的），并無(wú)實(shí)際意義。A. be 要與其后的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致，如果be后實(shí)義主語(yǔ)是多個(gè)并列項(xiàng)時(shí)，要按就近一致原則，與第一項(xiàng)保持一致。There is a bird in the tree. (主語(yǔ)a bird是單數(shù)，所以用there is)There are many apples on the tree. (主語(yǔ)many apples是復(fù)數(shù)，所以用there are)There is

20、a pencil and two rulers on the desk. （第一項(xiàng)是a pencil，單數(shù)，所以用there is）There are two rulers and a pencil on the desk.（第一項(xiàng)是two rulers，復(fù)數(shù)，所以用there are）B. 可用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等詞代替be動(dòng)詞。此時(shí)還表示“存在有”，但表意要更具體一些。如：There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.在山腳下住著一位老人。（不但“有”，

21、而且“住”在那里。）There exists no air on the moon. 月球上沒(méi)有空氣。（exist是“存在”的意思）There lies a book on the desk. 課桌上平放著一本書(shū)。（不但“有”，而且說(shuō)明書(shū)是“平放”在那里。）There stands a tree on the hill.山上矗立著一棵樹(shù)。（不但說(shuō)明“有”樹(shù)，而且說(shuō)明了“樹(shù)”很挺拔。） _ a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of the work.A. It existedB. There existed C. They

22、 hadD. There had _ a beautiful palace _ the foot of the hill.A. There stand; atB. There stands; under C. Stands there; underD. There stands; atC. there seem/ happen/ used to be及there live/ lie/ stand句型的否定句和疑問(wèn)句的變法。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子：. 下周將有兩場(chǎng)會(huì)，不是嗎？There _ going to be two meetings next week, _ there?. 不會(huì)再有流血沖突

23、，是嗎？There will be no blood, _there?. 似乎出了問(wèn)題，不是嗎？There seems to be something wrong, _ there?. 似乎有誤解，是嗎？There appeared to be a misunderstanding, _ there?. 碰巧那時(shí)附近有輛公交車(chē)。There_ （happen） to be a bus nearby at that time. 過(guò)去這里有條小河，不是嗎？There used to be a river here, _ there?. 過(guò)去這個(gè)森林里生活著一只老虎，不是嗎？There lived a

24、 tiger in the forest, _ there?D. there be 與have 的區(qū)別there be “某地有某物，某時(shí)有某事”；have 表示“某人擁有某物”。改錯(cuò)： There has a book on the desk. There will have a meeting this evening.考點(diǎn)7. 雙重謂語(yǔ)(僅供了解)典型例句： He left this morning very gay. She left a shy girl and returned a young mother. 分析：雙重謂語(yǔ)的基本形式是：行為動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)，后面的名詞或形容詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)從

25、事該行為時(shí)所處的狀態(tài)。用作雙重謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞多為那些表示位置移動(dòng)變化的行為動(dòng)詞，如return，leave，go，come，arrive，start等。句意為：上午離開(kāi)時(shí)，他很開(kāi)心。句意為：她離開(kāi)時(shí)還是一個(gè)害羞的女孩，回來(lái)時(shí)卻是一位年輕的母親。I. 單句改錯(cuò)1. 【2007遼寧】Three plates were already on the table when the man closest to me pointing to one plate and asked me the name of the fish on it.2. 【2005全國(guó)】For the most part, stud

26、ents working to earn money for their own use.3. 【2014大綱卷】So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests. 4. 【2008天津】I felt sadly. I learnt a lesson from this experience. 5. 【2013 四川】Im sorry that I am abroad and cant send your flowers, so Im writing to you.6. 【2008安徽】We thought the biscu

27、its were great. “Lets got some more,” I said, “Theyre cheap and theyreally taste well.” （兩處錯(cuò)誤）7. Others, however, against staying at home.8. Exams should neither too difficult nor too easy. 9. There are many taxi drivers are women.(可改多處) 10. There has a big tree in front of our school.11. They often

28、 lonely. 12. Eggs go badly easily in summer.II. 語(yǔ)法填空13. There _ (exist) many problems with the project.14. There _ (be) going to be three meetings tomorrow.15. The shop stays _ (open) at night.16. My mother bought a birthday cake _ me.17. There happened to _ a bird flying above. 18. There _ (lie) a

29、swimming pool over there. 19. 【2016湖北】The Public Square is an eye-catching sight of the city. There_(stand) many stone sculptures of famous historical figures. III. 寫(xiě)作技能提升A. 不要忘了使用系動(dòng)詞。20. 那食物很可口，我吃了很多。（the food, delicious）21. 那個(gè)電影好極了。（the movie, fantastic）22. 不過(guò)呢，一些人反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。（however, against, the pla

30、n）B. 活用雙賓語(yǔ)句式，用兩種方法翻譯下列句子。23. 他給我提了一些建議。（offer, some advice）24. 在我生日那天，母親給我買(mǎi)了一件很特別的禮物。（buy, a special gift）25. 他給我們讀了一個(gè)有趣的故事。（read, an interesting story）26. 他的叔叔留給他很多錢(qián)。（leave, a lot of money）C. 正確利用兩個(gè)“有”there be與have27. 我有許多好朋友。28. 今天晚上將有一場(chǎng)電影。29. 公園內(nèi)有許多人。簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ))。如：He o

31、ften reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.（畫(huà)線部分為并列謂語(yǔ)，只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，仍為簡(jiǎn)單句。）改錯(cuò)：It not only costs little money but also comfortable.考點(diǎn)1. 并列句 改錯(cuò)：. He likes English, his English is very good. . His wife was ill, he had to

32、stay at home. 當(dāng)一個(gè)句子中含有兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句時(shí)，就要考慮兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的連接問(wèn)題了。直接用逗號(hào)連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句是錯(cuò)誤的。這時(shí)我們可以用and, but, or等并列連詞來(lái)連接這兩個(gè)句子；也可以用分號(hào)（;）來(lái)連接。此時(shí)，這兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句（此時(shí)也可稱(chēng)作分句）之間是并列關(guān)系，不能說(shuō)一個(gè)分句作了另一個(gè)分句的什么成分。用并列連詞或分號(hào)連接起來(lái)的句子是并列句。上兩句可以改為：. He likes English；his English is very good. (用分號(hào)連接)He likes English, so/and his English is very good. His wife was i

33、ll; he had to stay at home. (用分號(hào)連接)His wife was ill, so/and he had to stay at home.考點(diǎn)2. 復(fù)合句A. 用從屬連詞連接的句子是復(fù)合句。還先看上面的兩個(gè)錯(cuò)句：. He likes English, his English is very good. . His wife was ill, he had to stay at home. 我們還可以用從屬連詞來(lái)連接。這兩句話可改為：. Because he likes English, his English is very good.When he likes E

34、nglish, his English is very good. Because his wife was ill, he had to stay at home.When his wife was ill, he had to stay at home.先看第一個(gè)句子。當(dāng)用because連接時(shí)，譯為“因?yàn)樗矚g英語(yǔ)，（所以）他的英語(yǔ)非常好”。主要說(shuō)的是“他的英語(yǔ)非常好”，“他喜歡英語(yǔ)”是他英語(yǔ)好的原因。因此：“his English is very good”是主句，“because he likes English” 是原因狀語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)用when連接時(shí)，譯為“當(dāng)他喜歡英語(yǔ)時(shí)，他的英語(yǔ)非常

35、好”。 主要說(shuō)的是“他的英語(yǔ)非常好”，“他喜歡英語(yǔ)”是他英語(yǔ)好的時(shí)間。因此，“his English is very good”是主句，“when he likes English” 是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。同理，句修改后，前面分別為原因狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，后面是主句。像上面這樣，用從屬連詞連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句之后，一個(gè)句子是主要的（主句），另外一個(gè)句子（從句）是說(shuō)明主要句子發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件等，這樣構(gòu)成的句子稱(chēng)為復(fù)合句。B. 當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單句的一個(gè)成分從詞或詞組變?yōu)榫渥訒r(shí)，整個(gè)句子就成為復(fù)合句了。從詞或詞組升級(jí)后的句子是從句，除從句以外的是主句，整個(gè)句子是復(fù)合句。 The boy over there i

36、s my brother. （只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，是簡(jiǎn)單句。）The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.（當(dāng)over there變?yōu)?who is wearing a hat時(shí)，句子就含有兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，一個(gè)是The boy is my brother，是主句；who is wearing a hat是the boy的定語(yǔ)，稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)從句。who既作從句成分，又起著從屬連詞的作用。） I was doing my homework at six. （只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，是簡(jiǎn)單句。）I was doing my homework when he came in

37、.（I was doing my homework是一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，he came in也是一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。后面一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)作前一個(gè)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。因此本句是復(fù)合句，when是從屬連詞。） It is wrong. （只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，是簡(jiǎn)單句。）What he said is wrong.（what he said，是一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。What he said is wrong. 是另外一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，What he said作主語(yǔ)， is wrong系表結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語(yǔ)，因此，本句是復(fù)合句。What he said是主語(yǔ)從句；what既作從句成分又起著從屬連詞的作用）從上面這幾個(gè)句子，我們可以

38、看出：C. 一個(gè)句子如果含有從句，如名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等，這個(gè)句子就是復(fù)合句。練習(xí)1. 判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句。1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the m

39、orning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plan

40、t a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.11. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm.12. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.13. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors.14. We grow r

41、ice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.15. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him.考點(diǎn)3. 引導(dǎo)的是什么從句，不僅要根據(jù)連詞，還要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意來(lái)判別練習(xí)2. 說(shuō)出下列復(fù)合句中，where引導(dǎo)的是什么從句。1. You can find it where you left it.（ ）2. Tell me the address where he lives.（

42、）3. I dont know where he comes from.（ ）4. Where he was born is not known yet.（ ）5. This place is where they once lived.（ ）考點(diǎn)4. 一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要考慮它們之間的連接問(wèn)題直接用逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句是錯(cuò)誤的。一個(gè)句子如果出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，那它就不是簡(jiǎn)單句了，要么是并列句，要么是復(fù)合句。這時(shí)我們就要考慮連接詞的問(wèn)題。這時(shí)，我們有三種方法來(lái)改正這個(gè)錯(cuò)句：A. 改為并列句：我們可以使用and, so, but等并列連詞來(lái)把它們連接起來(lái)；或者把逗號(hào)改為分號(hào)。B. 改為復(fù)合

43、句：加上從屬連詞，把其中的一個(gè)分句改為狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句或名詞性從句。C. 改為簡(jiǎn)單句：把其中的一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語(yǔ)破壞掉，從而使其變成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。I like English, my English is very good. 可以改為：并列句：I like English and my English is very good. I like English, so my English is very good.I like English; my English is very good.復(fù)合句：As/Because I like English, my English is very

44、 good.（含有原因狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句）When I like English, my English is very good.（含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句）簡(jiǎn)單句：I liking English, my English is very good. (把一個(gè)分句改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))再如：I have a house, its windows are very big. 可以改為：并列句：I have a house and/but its windows are very big. I have a house; its windows are very big.復(fù)合句：I have a ho

45、use, whose windows are very big. (含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句)簡(jiǎn)單句：I have a house, its windows very big. (后面為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))考點(diǎn)5. 兩個(gè)分句一般只用一個(gè)連詞用了“因?yàn)椋╞ecause, as, since等）”不用“所以(so)”；用了“雖然(although, though)”不用“但是（but）”。改錯(cuò)：Because I like English, so I am good at it.Although he is not intelligent, but he does well in all his subje

46、cts.答案： 第一句去so；第二句去but。注意：有時(shí)so, but和and等詞可以用在第一個(gè)分句句首，實(shí)際上是和前面所說(shuō)的相聯(lián)系，而不是連接后一個(gè)分句。如：So if you dont like it, you can give up.因此，如果你不喜歡，你可以放棄。And when they get there, General Forrest will take care of them. 而且他們一到那里, 福雷斯特將軍就會(huì)好好處理他們. 練習(xí)3. 利用英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律做下列各題。1. Five people won the “Chinas green figure” award,

47、a title _ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.A. is givenB. was given C. being givenD. given2. All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start. A. completedB. complete C. had been completedD. have been completed3. 【2016遼寧】I was told that there were abo

48、ut 50 foreign students _ Chinese in the school, most _ were from Germany.A. study; of whomB. study; of them C. studying; of themD. studying; ofwhom4. Everywhere you can see people in their holiday dress, _ with smiles.A. their faces are shiningB. whose faces shiningC. their faces shiningD. faces shi

49、ning whose5. Many students _ around, I explained the story into details.A. stoodB. standing C. to standD. were standing6. I have five friends, some of _ are businessmen.A. thatB. whomC. theyD. them 7. I have five friends, but none of _ are business- men.A. thatB. whomC. theyD. them 8. 【2013上?！縚 at t

50、he photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about.A. To lookB. LookingC. Having lookedD. LookI. 單句改錯(cuò)A. 注意分句連接1. 【2014新課標(biāo)】 Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. 2.

51、【2005天津】As she gave it to me, when the phone rang and she went to answer it. 3. 【2016全國(guó)】They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning. 4. 【2004全國(guó)】But I have spent most my money, so I cannoteven go out of town. （不要受心理定勢(shì)影響）5. 【2013 遼寧】With little sleep and hardly an

52、y break, so he works from morning till night.6. 【2013 新課標(biāo)】He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful.7. 【2009陜西】Some friends of his go to see him everyday, they take him lots of good books and fresh fruit.8. My name is Zhang Hong, and 20 years old. B. 注意并列成分9. 【2014大綱卷】The understanding between two friends means both of