畢業(yè)論文-天然氣壓力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì).doc

1、湖南鐵路科技職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）1天然氣壓力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的概念設(shè)計(jì) 本課題設(shè)計(jì)的天然氣壓力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)是通過調(diào)節(jié)天然氣壓力儲(chǔ)氣罐進(jìn)氣管道的流量使存氣罐中的壓力穩(wěn)定在200Pa-800Pa之間，從而能使天然氣通過儲(chǔ)氣罐的出氣管穩(wěn)定的供給給用戶使用。在壓力值大于上限值或者小于下線值時(shí)，系統(tǒng)能發(fā)出聲光報(bào)警并控制步進(jìn)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)監(jiān)控，同時(shí)也有人性化的人工手動(dòng)控制。2天然氣壓力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)總體方案設(shè)計(jì)此天然氣壓力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)來來源于生產(chǎn)實(shí)際，設(shè)計(jì)要求既滿足用戶要求又使系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單、經(jīng)濟(jì)、穩(wěn)定、可靠。本課題打算分四個(gè)模塊進(jìn)行解決：壓力數(shù)據(jù)采集與存儲(chǔ)模塊、數(shù)據(jù)顯示模塊、聲光報(bào)警與步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊、人工控制模塊。系統(tǒng)

2、硬件電路原理框圖如下：8051單片機(jī)壓力傳感器I/O擴(kuò)展芯片8155AD轉(zhuǎn)換電路差動(dòng)放大器LED顯示屏聲光報(bào)警步進(jìn)電機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)人工控制系統(tǒng)硬件電路原理框圖本系統(tǒng)中，通過擴(kuò)散硅壓力傳感器將壓力非電量轉(zhuǎn)換為微弱的電信號(hào)，通過信號(hào)放大電路，將微弱的電信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)化為A/D能轉(zhuǎn)化的閾值，使輸入的模擬信號(hào)的電壓為0-5V，壓力傳感器的量程為0-1000MPa。然后將模擬信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)化成數(shù)字信號(hào)傳送給8051單片機(jī)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的處理；通過比較設(shè)定在8051單片機(jī)內(nèi)的上、下限壓力值參數(shù)，來決定是否應(yīng)啟動(dòng)相應(yīng)的報(bào)警與控制程序。當(dāng)前壓力值超過設(shè)定的上限值時(shí)，系統(tǒng)會(huì)進(jìn)行聲光報(bào)警，并控制步進(jìn)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)使天然氣儲(chǔ)氣罐進(jìn)氣管的閥口關(guān)小，從

3、而達(dá)到自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)儲(chǔ)氣罐中壓力的目的。整個(gè)過程中的壓力值變化會(huì)通過LED顯示屏顯示出來，便于記錄與生產(chǎn)管理。軟件方面，我們使用匯編語(yǔ)言對(duì)8051單片機(jī)進(jìn)行程序設(shè)計(jì)，用Proteus搭建仿真系統(tǒng)，用Keil C51進(jìn)行程序匯編。分為壓力數(shù)據(jù)采集與存儲(chǔ)模塊、數(shù)據(jù)顯示模塊、聲光報(bào)警與步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊、人工控制模塊、這四大模塊進(jìn)行編寫。除了實(shí)現(xiàn)所要求的控制功能外，還要進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換，即將所采集到的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換為十進(jìn)制數(shù)（BCD碼）進(jìn)行顯示，符合人們所使用十進(jìn)制數(shù)的習(xí)慣，同時(shí)還要將壓力值參數(shù)換成二進(jìn)制數(shù)，便于8051單片機(jī)處理。2.3天然氣壓力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)總體方案設(shè)計(jì)，本監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的硬件電路可劃為：數(shù)

4、據(jù)采集功能模塊、數(shù)據(jù)顯示功能模塊、聲光報(bào)警模塊、步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊以及電路圖五個(gè)部分。 2.3.1數(shù)據(jù)采集功能模塊壓力傳感器采用擴(kuò)散硅壓力傳感器，在信號(hào)的調(diào)理電路中用儀表放大器，共模干擾、零漂、溫漂的抑制，保證采集數(shù)據(jù)的精度和可靠度。模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換采用ADC0809,將信號(hào)預(yù)處理電路傳送過來的調(diào)理信號(hào)進(jìn)行模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換才傳送至8051單片機(jī)中進(jìn)行各種處理。ADC0809各腳功能如下：LSB-MSB：8位數(shù)字量輸出引腳。IN0-IN7：8位模擬量輸入引腳。VCC：+5V工作電壓。GND：地。REF（+）：參考電壓正端。REF（-）：參考電壓負(fù)端。START：A/D轉(zhuǎn)換啟動(dòng)信號(hào)輸入端。ALE：地址鎖存允許信號(hào)輸

5、入端。（以上兩種信號(hào)用于啟動(dòng)A/D轉(zhuǎn)換）.EOC：轉(zhuǎn)換結(jié)束信號(hào)輸出引腳，開始轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)為低電平，當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)換結(jié)束時(shí)為高電平。OE：輸出允許控制端，用以打開三態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)輸出鎖存器。CLK：時(shí)鐘信號(hào)輸入端（一般為500KHz）。A、B、C：地址輸入線。 2.3.2數(shù)據(jù)顯示模塊顯示屏采用四位一體LED數(shù)碼管，由于8051單片機(jī)的I/O接口有限，為了節(jié)約I/O口，我們采用8155芯片對(duì)單片機(jī)的I/O口進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展，將8051單片機(jī)的P0與8155的AD口做數(shù)據(jù)總線相連，8155的A口做LED數(shù)碼管的段選信號(hào)線，B口做LED數(shù)碼管的位選信號(hào)線。8155各引腳功能說明如下：RST：復(fù)位信號(hào)輸入端，高電平有效。復(fù)位后，3個(gè)I

6、/O口均為輸入方式。AD0AD7：三態(tài)的地址/數(shù)據(jù)總線。與單片機(jī)的低8位地址/數(shù)據(jù)總線（P0口）相連。單片機(jī)與8155之間的地址、數(shù)據(jù)、命令與狀態(tài)信息都是通過這個(gè)總線口傳送的。RD：讀選通信號(hào)，控制對(duì)8155的讀操作，低電平有效。WR：寫選通信號(hào)，控制對(duì)8155的寫操作，低電平有效。CE：片選信號(hào)線，低電平有效。IO/M ：8155的RAM存儲(chǔ)器或I/O口選擇線。當(dāng)IO/M 0時(shí)，則選擇8155的片內(nèi)RAM，AD0AD7上地址為8155中RAM單元的地址（00HFFH）；當(dāng)IO/M 1時(shí)，選擇 8155的I/O口，AD0AD7上的地址為8155 I/O口的地址。ALE：地址鎖存信號(hào)。8155內(nèi)

7、部設(shè)有地址鎖存器，在ALE的下降沿將單片機(jī)P0口輸出的低8位地址信息及 ，IO/ 的狀態(tài)都鎖存到8155內(nèi)部鎖存器。因此，P0口輸出的低8位地址信號(hào)不需外接鎖存器。PA0PA7：8位通用I/O口，其輸入、輸出的流向可由程序控制。PB0PB7：8位通用I/O口，功能同A口。PC0PC5：有兩個(gè)作用，既可作為通用的I/O口，也可作為PA口和PB口的控制信號(hào)線，這些可通過程序控制。TIMER IN：定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器脈沖輸入端。TIMER OUT：定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器輸出端。VCC：5V電源。 2.3.3聲光報(bào)警模塊聲光報(bào)警電路采用LM386驅(qū)動(dòng)的蜂鳴器與發(fā)光二極管，從某一I/O單調(diào)輸出一信號(hào)控制LM386驅(qū)動(dòng)蜂

8、鳴器和發(fā)光二極管進(jìn)行聲光報(bào)警，避免采用音樂報(bào)警以防止外界各種鈴聲信號(hào)的干擾，同時(shí)便于晚上能對(duì)報(bào)警地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確快速的定位。 2.3.4步進(jìn)電機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊 此處步進(jìn)電機(jī)采用三相六拍的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式，步進(jìn)電機(jī)的主要功能是根據(jù)存儲(chǔ)罐中的壓力狀況，來進(jìn)行正反轉(zhuǎn)的控制。當(dāng)存儲(chǔ)罐中的壓力低于設(shè)計(jì)的下限值時(shí)，步進(jìn)電機(jī)進(jìn)行正轉(zhuǎn)，控制閥門開大；當(dāng)存儲(chǔ)罐中的壓力高于設(shè)計(jì)的上限值時(shí)，步進(jìn)電機(jī)進(jìn)行反轉(zhuǎn)，控制閥門關(guān)小，使得存氣罐中的壓力處于正常壓力的范圍之內(nèi)。2.3.5電路圖2.4天然氣壓力監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 軟件設(shè)計(jì)是測(cè)控系統(tǒng)的主要內(nèi)容和重點(diǎn)，設(shè)計(jì)人員不僅要能夠從事硬件設(shè)計(jì)，同時(shí)還必須掌握測(cè)控軟建的設(shè)計(jì)，通常，軟件設(shè)計(jì)是先畫

9、出軟件的流程圖，然后根據(jù)流程圖用匯編語(yǔ)言或者高級(jí)語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行編程。本課題的程序打算分為數(shù)據(jù)采集與存儲(chǔ)、數(shù)據(jù)顯示、聲光報(bào)警與電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)、人工手動(dòng)四個(gè)模塊進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。在程序的編寫中我們應(yīng)該按照這設(shè)計(jì)的四大模塊由上至下的進(jìn)行編寫，一一實(shí)現(xiàn)控制的要求。程序的編譯器我們選擇Keil C51軟件,電路仿真我們選擇Proteus軟件進(jìn)行仿真電路的搭建。2.4.1 Keil C51的介紹Keil C51集成開發(fā)環(huán)境主要由菜單欄、工具欄、源文件編輯窗口、工程窗口和輸出窗口五部分組成。工具欄為一組快捷工具圖標(biāo)，主要包括基本文件工具欄、建造工具欄和調(diào)試工具欄，基本文件工具欄包括新建、打開、拷貝、粘貼等基本操作。建造工具欄主

10、要包括文件編譯、目標(biāo)文件編譯連接、所有目標(biāo)文件編譯連接、目標(biāo)選項(xiàng)和一個(gè)目標(biāo)選擇窗口。調(diào)試工具欄位于最后，主要包括一些仿真調(diào)試源程序的基本操作，如單步、復(fù)位、全速運(yùn)行等。在工具欄下面，默認(rèn)有三個(gè)窗口。左邊的工程窗口包含一個(gè)工程的目標(biāo)（target）、組（group）和項(xiàng)目文件。右邊為源文件編輯窗口，編輯窗口實(shí)質(zhì)上就是一個(gè)文件編輯器，我們可以在這里對(duì)源文件進(jìn)行編輯、修改、粘貼等。下邊的為輸出窗口，源文件編譯之后的結(jié)果顯示在輸出窗口中，會(huì)出現(xiàn)通過或錯(cuò)誤（包括錯(cuò)誤類型及行號(hào)）的提示。如果通過則會(huì)生成“HEX”格式的目標(biāo)文件，用于仿真或燒錄芯片。MCS-51單片機(jī)軟件Keil C51開發(fā)過程為：1.建立

11、一個(gè)工程項(xiàng)目，選擇芯片，確定選項(xiàng)；2.建立匯編源文件或C源文件；3.用項(xiàng)目管理器生成各種應(yīng)用文件；4.檢查并修改源文件中的錯(cuò)誤；5.編譯連接通過后進(jìn)行軟件模擬仿真或硬件在線仿真；6.編程操作；7.應(yīng)用。2.4.2Proteus軟件的介紹Proteus軟件是它不僅具有其它EDA工具軟件的仿真功能，還能仿真單片機(jī)及外圍器件。它是目前最好的仿真單片機(jī)及外圍器件的工具。雖然目前國(guó)內(nèi)推廣剛起步，但已受到單片機(jī)愛好者、從事單片機(jī)教學(xué)的教師、致力于單片機(jī)開發(fā)應(yīng)用的科技工作者的青睞。它從原理圖布圖、代碼調(diào)試到單片機(jī)與外圍電路協(xié)同仿真，一鍵切換到PCB設(shè)計(jì)，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了從概念到產(chǎn)品的完整設(shè)計(jì)。是目前將電路仿真軟件

12、、PCB設(shè)計(jì)軟件和虛擬模型仿真軟件三合一的設(shè)計(jì)平臺(tái)，其處理器模型支持8051、HC11、PIC10/12/16/18/24/30/DsPIC33、AVR、ARM、8086和MSP430等，2010年即將增加Cortex和DSP系列處理器，并持續(xù)增加其他系列處理器模型。在編譯方面，它也支持IAR、Keil和MPLAB等多種編譯器。Proteus軟件具有的功能：原理布圖；PCB自動(dòng)或人工布線；SPICE電路仿真。2.4.3程序設(shè)計(jì)流程圖（1）自動(dòng)監(jiān)控程序流程圖開始初始化啟動(dòng)ADC0809采集數(shù)據(jù)，轉(zhuǎn)換數(shù)據(jù)并儲(chǔ)存在LED數(shù)碼管上顯示數(shù)據(jù)判斷采集的數(shù)據(jù)是否大于設(shè)定的上限值或小于設(shè)計(jì)的下限值。大于聲光報(bào)

13、警聲光報(bào)警電動(dòng)機(jī)正轉(zhuǎn)電動(dòng)機(jī)反轉(zhuǎn)小于（2）中斷程序流程圖（手動(dòng)控制控制）將累加器A 、累加器B、程序狀態(tài)字PSW、30H-34H單元壓棧進(jìn)行保護(hù)。外部中斷0低電平電動(dòng)機(jī)A相得電、延時(shí)電動(dòng)機(jī)B相得電、延時(shí)電動(dòng)機(jī)A相失電、延時(shí)電動(dòng)機(jī)B相失電、延時(shí)電動(dòng)機(jī)A相得電、延時(shí)清零A、B相電動(dòng)機(jī)C相的電、延時(shí)將30H-34H單元、程序狀態(tài)字PSW 、累加器B、累加器A出?；謴?fù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。中斷返回將累加器A 、累加器B、程序狀態(tài)字PSW、30H-34H單元壓棧進(jìn)行保護(hù)。外部中斷1低電平電動(dòng)機(jī)C、A相得電、延時(shí)電動(dòng)機(jī)A相失電、延時(shí)電動(dòng)機(jī)B相得電、延時(shí)電動(dòng)機(jī)A相得電、延時(shí)電動(dòng)機(jī)B相失電、延時(shí)清零A相電動(dòng)機(jī)C相失電、延時(shí)將3

14、0H-34H單元、程序狀態(tài)字PSW 、累加器B、累加器A出棧恢復(fù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。中斷返回2.4.4 源程序 ORG 0000 LJMP MAIN START EQU P2.5 EOC EQU P2.6 BEEP_LED EQU 2.3 ORG 4000MAIN: SEBT EA 開中斷 SEBT EX0 開外部中斷0 SEBT EX1 開外部中斷1 CLR IT0 選擇外部中斷低電平觸發(fā)方式 MOV A #0FFH 將P1口置1 MOV P1 A LOOP1: SEBT START 啟動(dòng)ADC0809 JNB EOC $ 等待轉(zhuǎn)換完成 MOV A P1 讀取數(shù)據(jù) MOV 34H 初始數(shù)值存于34H單元

15、MOV B #4 將數(shù)據(jù)化為實(shí)際的大小 MUL AB MOV R1 A 低八位暫存R1 MOV A B 進(jìn)行高八位的BCD轉(zhuǎn)換 MOV B #25 MUL AB MOV B #100 DIV AB MOV 30H A 千位數(shù)存30H單元 MOV A B MOV B #10 DIV AB MOV 31H A 百位數(shù)存31H單元 MOV 32H B 十位數(shù)存32H單元 MOV A R1 進(jìn)行低八位數(shù)的BCD MOV B #100 BCD轉(zhuǎn)換，讀百位數(shù) DIV AB ADD A 31H 低八位數(shù)與高八位數(shù)的百位數(shù)相加 MOV 31H A 相加結(jié)果存入31H MOV A B BCD轉(zhuǎn)換，讀十位數(shù) MO

16、V B #10 DIV AB ADD A 32H 低八位數(shù)與高八位數(shù)的十位數(shù)相加 MOV 32H A 結(jié)果存入32H MOV 33H B 個(gè)位數(shù)存入33H LOOP2: MOV A 30H 數(shù)據(jù)顯示模塊 DA A 讀千位數(shù)，進(jìn)行十進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換 MOV DPTR #TAB 尋千位數(shù)的段碼號(hào) MOVC A A+DPTR MOV DPTA #7F01H DP指針指向段選地址 MOVX DPTR A 送入段選碼 MOV DPTA #7F02H DP指針指向位選地址 MOV A #07H MOVX DPTR A 送入位選碼 ACALL DELAY 延時(shí)0.2S MOV A 31H DA A MOV DPTR

17、 #TAB MOVC A A+DPTR MOV DPTA #7F01H DP指針指向段選地址 MOVX DPTR A 送入段選碼 MOV DPTA #7F02H DP指針指向位選地址 MOV A #0BH MOVX DPTR A 送入位選碼 ACALL DELAY 延時(shí)0.2S MOV A 32H DA A MOV DPTR #TAB MOVC A A+DPTR MOV DPTA #7F01H DP指針指向段選地址 MOVX DPTR A 送入段選碼 MOV DPTA #7F02H DP指針指向位選地址 MOV A #0DH MOVX DPTR A 送入位選碼 ACALL DELAY 延時(shí)0.

18、2S MOV A 33H DA A MOV DPTR #TAB MOVC A A+DPTR MOV DPTA #7F01H DP指針指向段選地址 MOVX DPTR A 送入段選碼 MOV DPTA #7F02H DP指針指向位選地址 MOV A #0EH MOVX DPTR A 送入位選碼 ACALL DELAY 延時(shí)0.2S MOV R0 #20H 持續(xù)顯示一段時(shí)間 DJNZ R0 LOOP2 LOOP3: MOV A #32H 設(shè)定下限值32H 表示200Pa CLR CY 清零進(jìn)位標(biāo)志 SUBB A 34H 比較初始值是否小于200 JC LOOP5 小于200則跳轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)反轉(zhuǎn)程序 MO

19、V A #8CH 設(shè)定下限值32H 表示800Pa CLR CY SUBB A 34H JNC LOOP4 大于800則跳轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)正轉(zhuǎn)程序 CLR BEEP_LED 關(guān)閉蜂鳴器和發(fā)光二極管 LJMP MAIN 跳轉(zhuǎn)主程序繼續(xù)檢測(cè) LOOP4: SETB BEEP_LED 啟動(dòng)蜂鳴器和點(diǎn)亮LED SETB P2.0 電機(jī)A相得電(A) ACALL DELAY 延時(shí)0.2S SETB P2.1 電機(jī)B相得電(AB) ACALL DELAY 延時(shí)0.2S CLR P2.0 電機(jī)A相失電(B) ACALL DELAY 延時(shí)0.2S SETB P2.2 電機(jī)C相得電(BC) ACALL DELAY CLR

20、 P2.1 電機(jī)B相失電(C) ACALL DELAY SETB P2.0 電機(jī)A相得電(CA) ACALL DELAY CLR P2.2 電機(jī)C相失電 CLR P2.0 電機(jī)A相失電 LJMP MAIN 跳轉(zhuǎn)主程序繼續(xù)檢測(cè) LOOP5: SETB BEEP_LED SETB P2.2 電機(jī)C相得電 SETB P2.0 電機(jī)A相得電(CA) ACALL DELAY CLR P2.0 電機(jī)A相失電(C) ACALL DELAY SETB P2.1 電機(jī)B相得電(BC) ACALL DELAY CLR P2.2 電機(jī)C相失電(B) ACALL DELAY SETB P2.0 電機(jī)A相得電(AB)

21、ACALL DELAY CLR P2.1 電機(jī)B相失電(A) ACALL DELAY CLR P2.0 電機(jī)A相失電 LJMP MAIN 跳轉(zhuǎn)主程序繼續(xù)檢測(cè) ORG 0003INT0； PUSS ACC PUSS PSW PUSS B PUSS 30H PUSS 31H PUSS 32H PUSS 33H PUSS 34H SETB P2.0 ACALL DELAY SETB P2.1 ACALL DELAY CLR P2.0 ACALL DELAY SETB P2.2 ACALL DELAY CLR P2.1 ACALL DELAY SETB P2.0 ACALL DELAY CLR P2.

22、2 CLR P2.0 POP 34H POP 33H POP 32H POP 31H POP 30H POP B POP PSW POP ACC REIT ORG 0013INT1: PUSS ACC PUSS PSW PUSS B PUSS 30H PUSS 31H PUSS 32H PUSS 33H PUSS 34H SETB P2.2 SETB P2.0 ACALL DELAY CLR P2.0 ACALL DELAY SETB P2.1 ACALL DELAY CLR P2.2 ACALL DELAY SETB P2.0 ACALL DELAY CLR P2.1 ACALL DELAY

23、 CLR P2.0 POP 34H POP 33H POP 32H POP 31H POP 30H POP B POP PSW POP ACC REIT TAB: DB 3FH,06H,5BH,4FH,66H DB 6DH,7DH,07H,7FH,6FH DELAY: MOV R7 #C8H 延時(shí)0.2秒程序DL1: MOV R6 #26HDL0: MOV R5 #82H DJNZ R5 $ DJNZ R6 DL0 DJNZ R7 DL1 RET END5.總結(jié)本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)我來說是收益匪淺，因?yàn)樽约号d趣的原因，選擇了單片機(jī)做為自己專業(yè)的擴(kuò)展方向，在做畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中，我深深地感受到了自己知識(shí)淺薄，

24、對(duì)知識(shí)運(yùn)用能力低，這讓我產(chǎn)生了強(qiáng)烈的危機(jī)感，之后同過大量查閱與充電，看著自己作品逐漸完善，我充分體驗(yàn)到了學(xué)習(xí)的快樂與成就感，當(dāng)然這也是離不開老師和同學(xué)們的幫助的。畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是對(duì)大學(xué)三年來的最后一次檢閱，在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)期間，也充分暴露我性格上的缺點(diǎn)，我是一個(gè)自制力較差的同學(xué)，思想上對(duì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)有一定的重視，但行動(dòng)上不能統(tǒng)一，這讓我在做畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)后期十分吃力與被動(dòng)，雖最終將畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)做完，并完善，但我想其實(shí)還有更高的上升空間。這個(gè)毛病我一定要改正，絕對(duì)不能帶入今后的工作中。本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)還提高我對(duì)問題的理性分析能力，面對(duì)問題我學(xué)會(huì)了冷靜分析理清條理，分清主次，一一解決并總結(jié)。如單片機(jī)程序設(shè)計(jì)中的模塊化編程，模塊

25、化編程條理清楚，程序的移植和修改都很方便，這對(duì)我編程思想上有很大提升。雖然馬上要畢業(yè)，但今后的路還很長(zhǎng)，現(xiàn)在的社會(huì)是學(xué)習(xí)型社會(huì)，我將堅(jiān)持本著“以邏輯為手段，通過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)”的心態(tài)，在工作上繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，將來為社會(huì)盡自己的一份力量。ag an employment tribunal clai Emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with t

26、he disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the organisations listed underFur ther help. Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is st

27、ill a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed under

28、Further help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seeDismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to yo

29、u as a result of your failure to appeal. Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i

30、. If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as adamages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your s

31、olicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensationif you win the case. You are clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail,

32、click onnearest CAB. For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeEmployment tribunals. The (lack of) air up there Watch m Cay man Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and wil

33、l attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday. I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Ya ya Toure, he told BBC Sport. For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was. Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings a

34、gainst CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win. Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions. CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian

35、 side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these day

36、s, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲。或許是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個(gè)不同的日子過成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過去，對(duì)自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏?？傆X

37、得自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點(diǎn)什么，或者寫點(diǎn)什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？ During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are opt

38、ional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice

39、 can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance. Baumgar

40、tner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level o

41、f the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boun

42、dary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. We often close ourselves off when traumatic events happen in our lives; instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. We try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesnt exist, but althou

43、gh we can try this all we want, in the end, we cant hide from ourselves. We need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of life and let the world soften us.生活發(fā)生不幸時(shí)，我們常常會(huì)關(guān)上心門；世界不僅沒能慰藉我們，反倒使我們更加消沉。我們假裝一切仿佛都不曾發(fā)生，以此試圖忘卻傷痛，可就算隱藏得再好，最終也還是騙不了自己。既然如此，何不嘗試打開心門，擁抱生活中的各種可能，讓世界感化我們呢？ Whenever we start to

44、 let our fears and seriousness get the best of us, we should take a step back and re-evaluate our behavior. The items listed below are six ways you can open your heart more fully and completely.當(dāng)恐懼與焦慮來襲時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該退后一步，重新反思自己的言行。下面六個(gè)方法有助于你更完滿透徹地敞開心扉。Whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to

45、 embrace it instead of running away or trying to mask the hurt. When the sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it. When we run away from sadness thats unfolding in our lives, it gets stronger and more real. We take an emotion thats fleeting and make it a solid event, instead of something

46、 that passes through us.當(dāng)生活中出現(xiàn)痛苦的事情時(shí)，別再逃跑或隱藏痛苦，試著擁抱它吧；當(dāng)悲傷來襲時(shí)，試著深呼吸，然后直面它。如果我們一味逃避生活中的悲傷，悲傷只會(huì)變得更強(qiáng)烈更真實(shí)悲傷原本只是稍縱即逝的情緒，我們卻固執(zhí)地耿耿于懷By utilizing our breath we soften our experiences. If we dam them up, our lives will stagnate, but when we keep them flowing, we allow more newness and greater experiences to b

47、lossom.深呼吸能減緩我們的感受。屏住呼吸，生活停滯；呼出呼吸，更多新奇與經(jīng)歷又將拉開序幕。9JWKffwvG#tYM*Jg&6a*CZ7H$dq8KqqfHVZFedswSyXTy#&QA9wkxFyeQ!djs#XuyUP2kNXpR89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxG89AmUE9aQGn8xp$R#͑GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6Y

48、WRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK

49、8!z8vG#tYM*Jg&6a*CZ7H$dq8KqqfHVZFedswSyXTy#&QA9wkxFyeQ!djs#XuyUP2kNXpRWXmA&UE9aQGn8xp$R#͑GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrW