2019年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空考點(diǎn)梳理與練習(xí)

1、語(yǔ)法填空考點(diǎn)梳理與練習(xí)有提示詞考點(diǎn)梳理語(yǔ)法填空高考解讀語(yǔ)法填空題每小題1.5分，共10小題，總分為15分。其命題特點(diǎn)如下：1、長(zhǎng)度：200詞左右的短文2、命題形式：有提示詞填空（7個(gè)），無(wú)提示詞填空（3個(gè)）3、主要的語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)有提示詞：名詞，動(dòng)詞，形容詞和副詞，詞性轉(zhuǎn)化無(wú)提示詞：連詞，冠詞，代詞，介詞，特殊句式ATTENTION PLEASE!語(yǔ)法填空作為高考英語(yǔ)的必考題型，主要考查我們的語(yǔ)法積累和運(yùn)用能力。在積累了眾多語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，相信同學(xué)們已經(jīng)有了一些做這道題的能力和技巧，那怎么才能保證我們做這道題準(zhǔn)確率高而且速度快呢？下面我們將對(duì)語(yǔ)法填空題型進(jìn)行考點(diǎn)梳理。和高考的親密接觸給同學(xué)們10分

2、鐘的時(shí)間，一起來(lái)挑戰(zhàn)一下吧！According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1 (long) than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long 2 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3 (die) early by running. While running regularly can

3、t make you live forever, the review says it 4 (be) more effective at lengthening life 5 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7

4、 (cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always 9 (energy). If you are

5、 time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 10 a try. 同學(xué)們能否總結(jié)出語(yǔ)法填空這個(gè)題型知識(shí)點(diǎn)考查的方向和重難點(diǎn)呢？針對(duì)這個(gè)題型，同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲱}的時(shí)候都會(huì)遇到什么問(wèn)題？和小伙伴們一起討論一下吧!A young man asked Socrates the secret to success Socrates told the young man to meet him near the rive

6、r the next morning. They met. Socrates asked the young man to walk with him toward the river. When the water got up to their neck, Socrates took the young man by surprise and ducked him into the water. The boy struggled to get out but Socrates was strong and kept him there until the boy started turn

7、ing blue. Socrates pulled his head out of the water and the first thing the young man did was to gasp and take a deep breath of air. Socrates asked, “What did you want the most when you were there?” The boy replied, “Air.” Socrates said, “That is the secret to success. When you want success as badly

8、 as you wanted the air, then you will get it. There is no other secret.” 考點(diǎn)一 名詞考查內(nèi)容（1）n and n并列例如：His kindness and _（achieve）impressed me.（2）（a/an/the）+adj+n 例如：The _（express）in his eyes told me something was wrong.（3）介詞+nSeveral proposals are under _（consider）.（4）形容詞性物主代詞+n（5）序數(shù)詞+nIt is the third _

9、（describe）about the bird.many/several+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)much+不可數(shù)名詞some/a lot of/lots of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞名詞變復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)律1.一般情況，加-s; 如map-maps2.以s，sh，ch，x等結(jié)尾的詞，加-es; 如：bus- buses3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i再加es; 如：baby- babies牛刀小試 1. For most of us the_(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work.2.Id skipped nearby Gui

10、lin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese_(painting).3. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top_(attract).4.The nursery team switches him every few_(day) with his sister.考點(diǎn)二 動(dòng)詞討論與總結(jié)同學(xué)們還記得常見

11、的時(shí)態(tài)有哪幾種嗎？他們的基本結(jié)構(gòu)分別是什么，和小伙伴們一起討論一下吧！考查方向1、 Tom _（play）football yesterday.2、 I saw the boy _（play）near the river.3、 The story is very _（interest）.如果括號(hào)中給的提示詞是動(dòng)詞時(shí)，首先判定考查的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。考查內(nèi)容一、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1、判定考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的依據(jù)（1）逗號(hào)不能連接兩個(gè)句子。例如：Two years ago,he went to the Great Wall.（2）在一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句中，只能有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)或并列謂語(yǔ)。例如：He walked

12、 into the classroom.He walked into the classroom and began his class.He walked into the classroom whistling a popular tune.2、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考察方向：時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致（1）時(shí)態(tài)判斷依據(jù)：如果該空所在的句子中有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，則依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)判斷相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。例如：He _（write）eight books so far.如果該空所在的句子中有并列謂語(yǔ)，則保持并列謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)一致。例如：He got up early and _（go）to school.如果上述兩種情況都不存在時(shí)

13、，則根據(jù)上下文的時(shí)態(tài)正確選擇謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。（2）語(yǔ)態(tài)判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，從而選擇謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：be done例如：All the employees _（encourage）to work online at home.（3）主謂一致如果主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也是單數(shù)；如果主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)。就近原則。通常使用就近原則的詞組有or，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also，There be句型例如：Either you or I _（be）happy.就遠(yuǎn)原則。通常使用就遠(yuǎn)原則

14、的詞組有:名詞或代詞with，along with，together with，as well as，rather than，as much as，but，expect例如：Tom as well as his friends _（be）invited to the party.總結(jié)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致做題思路：1、要判斷括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；若是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，2、要判斷用哪一種時(shí)態(tài)3、要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系判斷用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)4、要注意主謂一致,最后才能確定所填動(dòng)詞的形式。在確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),我們可從三個(gè)方面來(lái)進(jìn)行判斷:1、看句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從

15、句；2、在沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；3、根據(jù)上下文時(shí)態(tài)判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)牛刀小試1、Three people _（take）to a hospital,while others were treated at a local clinic.2、At that time,soda pop was sold in bottles,and they were washed and _（fill）again.3、There_（be）a book and two pens on the desk.4、Two years ago,the three of us _（go）up to Mt.Lushan.

16、5、It was raining lightly when I _（arrive）in Yangshuo just before dawn.二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 1、判定考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的依據(jù)：根據(jù)概念（在一個(gè)句子中，除了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之外的其他動(dòng)詞形式稱為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）2、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式及意義基本形式：to do 表示將來(lái)、目的、主動(dòng) 變化形式：to be done 將來(lái)、被動(dòng) doing 表示進(jìn)行、主動(dòng) being done 進(jìn)行、被動(dòng) done 表示完成、被動(dòng) having done 完成、主動(dòng) having been done完成、被動(dòng)3、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的做題思路（1）判定是否是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。（根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)

17、動(dòng)詞的概念）（2）找邏輯主語(yǔ)，分析邏輯主語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的主動(dòng)被動(dòng)關(guān)系。（3）分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的時(shí)間先后關(guān)系。（4）根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本形式和變化形式及其所表達(dá)的意義，判定出最終非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。4、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配（1）doing做主語(yǔ)例如：playing with his friends makes him happy every day.（2）only to do表示出人意料的結(jié)果例如：He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.（3）主語(yǔ)+be+adj+to do例如：The cake is ea

18、sy to make.（4）have trouble/problems/difficulty+（in）doing sth/with sth（5）It takes sb some time/money to do sth（6）跟to do形式作賓語(yǔ)（7）跟doing形式作主語(yǔ)（8）介詞后加doing形式作賓語(yǔ)牛刀小試1.I enjoy _(climb)mountains whenever I can find the time to do so.2.It took years of work_(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water

19、.3. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _(be) late for school.4. Abercrombie& Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people_ (live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.5. He lent me some money,_(hope)that I could help him.三、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞、形容詞或

20、副詞1、動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞（1）n and n并列（2）（a/an/the）+adj+n （3）介詞+n（4）形容詞性物主代詞+n（5）序數(shù)詞+nmany/several+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)much+不可數(shù)名詞some/a lot of/lots of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞2、動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞（1）形容詞作表語(yǔ)（2）形容詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或代詞例如：She gave us a _（surprise）look.3、動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或者整個(gè)句子。例如：_（luck）,he didnt hurt himself.牛刀小試1.What makes the adobe dwellings

21、 admirable is their _（able）.來(lái)說(shuō)一下英文的繞口令吧，看誰(shuí)說(shuō)的最流利！1.Betty and Bob brought back blue balloons from the big bazaar.Betty和Bob從大雜貨店市場(chǎng)上買了藍(lán)氣球。 2.Chop shops stock chops. 印章店備有印章。 3.Few free fruit flies fly from flames. 沒(méi)有幾只果蠅從火焰中飛過(guò)去。4.what a shame such a shapely sash should such shabby stitches show? 這么有形的腰帶

22、卻用這么破舊的縫線，多丟人啊。5.Never trouble about trouble, until trouble troubles you. 從不自找麻煩，直到麻煩來(lái)麻煩你。2.There are _（amaze）stories of instant transformation.3.Now people are still _(interest)in Nessie.4.You will be _(surprise) to find youre gaining weight. 考點(diǎn)三 形容詞、副詞考查方向1、形容詞、副詞的判定及兩者之間的詞性轉(zhuǎn)化2、形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)形容詞使用

23、情況：修飾名詞、代詞或者放在系動(dòng)詞之后作表語(yǔ)副詞使用情況：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子形容詞變副詞規(guī)律1.一般情況下直接加“y”；如： quick- quickly，2.以輔音字母加le結(jié)尾時(shí)，去e加y；如：possible-possibly; probable-probably; incredible-incredibly3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i加ly；如happy-happily；heavy-heavily4.少數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞，要去掉e再加-ly；如true-truly形容詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)變化規(guī)律 1單音節(jié)形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式是在詞尾加-er和-est構(gòu)成；如：tal

24、l-taller-tallest2以e結(jié)尾的單詞加r/st；如 wide-wider-widest3以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的單詞，把y變?yōu)閕，再加er/est；如:busy-busier-busiest4以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的單詞，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加er/est；如big-bigger-biggest5部分雙音節(jié)詞，多音節(jié)詞在詞前面加more或most；(比較級(jí)more+adj；最高級(jí)most+adj)如： interesting-more interesting-most interesting不規(guī)則變化good/well-better-bestbad/ill-worse

25、-worstmany/much -more-most. little/few-less-leastfar-farther/further-farthest/furthest牛刀小試1.Abercrombie &Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it_(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.2. The river was so polluted that it _(actual)caught fire and burned

26、.3. Fans from around the world gathered_(cheerful)to celebrate their love of Hello Kitty.4.The secretary arranged_(convenience) time and place for the applicants to have an Interview.5.As the Chinese old saying goes:“It is_(good)to travel ten thousand miles than to readten thousand books.”相信大家在經(jīng)過(guò)了語(yǔ)法填空的考點(diǎn)梳理之后，做題已經(jīng)游刃有余了，給同學(xué)們10分鐘的時(shí)間，來(lái)做一下下面的題吧！舉一反三1. What Ive learned over the years is that learning to accept each others faults is one of the most