國際經(jīng)濟(jì)法 第三章 國際貨物買賣法 第一節(jié).ppt

1、第三章 國際貨物買賣法,周超 2009年9月,Questions:,What is CISG? What is CISGs sphere of application?,第一節(jié) 國際貨物買賣法律規(guī)范概述,一、國內(nèi)法規(guī)范： 大陸法系國家，采用民商分立的，先適用商法的特別規(guī)定，沒有規(guī)定的再適用民法的一般規(guī)定；采用民商合一的，直接適用民法典的相關(guān)規(guī)定。 普通法系國家的國內(nèi)立法由法院判例和成文法兩部分組成，比較典型的是英國 1893年貨物買賣法（1995年修訂）和美國1994年統(tǒng)一商法典。 我國適用合同法及民法通則。,二、國際立法概述：,在1964年海牙外交會(huì)議上正式通過了由羅馬國際私法統(tǒng)一協(xié)會(huì)編纂統(tǒng)

2、一的關(guān)于國際貨物買賣統(tǒng)一法公約和關(guān)于國際貨物買賣合同成立統(tǒng)一法公約，這兩個(gè)公約均于1972年生效。但是由于參加國家較少，沒有起到統(tǒng)一國際貨物買賣法律的作用。,聯(lián)合國國際貨物買賣合同公約,聯(lián)合國國際貿(mào)易法委員會(huì)完成了聯(lián)合國國際貨物買賣合同公約的起草和指定工作。該公約于1980年在維也納的外交會(huì)議上通過，于1988年正式生效。 U.N. Convention on Contracts for The International Sale of Goods (CISG),Case 1,An Austrian company, plaintiff, entered into a contract fo

3、r the purchase and transport of spirits to Russia with the Swiss branch of a company that had its headquarters in Liechtenstein. The contract was never performed because a dispute arose among the parties regarding the mode of transport and the final date of performance. The Austrian buyer sued the S

4、wiss seller for repayment, while the defendant claimed damages for breach of contract. Questions: Whether CISG is applicable for this case?,1. Sphere of Application 適用范圍,Article 1 (1) This Convention applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different Stat

5、es: (a) when the States are Contracting States; or (b) when the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a Contracting State.,Article 1(contd),(2) The fact that the parties have their places of business in different States is to be disregarded whenever this fact does

6、not appear either from the contract or from any dealings between, or from information disclosed by, the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract. (3) Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial character of the parties or of the contract is to be taken i

7、nto consideration in determining the application of this Convention.,2、貨物范圍,Article 2 Convention does not apply to sales: (a) of goods bought for personal, family or household use, unless the seller, at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract, neither knew nor ought to have known that t

8、he goods were bought for any such use; (b) by auction; (c) on execution or otherwise by authority of law; (d) of stocks, shares, investment securities, negotiable instruments or money; (e) of ships, vessels, hovercraft or aircraft; (f) of electricity.,Article 3,(1) Contracts for the supply of goods

9、to be manufactured or produced are to be considered sales unless the party who orders the goods undertakes to supply a substantial part of the materials necessary for such manufacture or production. (2) This Convention does not apply to contracts in which the preponderant part of the obligations of

10、the party who furnishes the goods consists in the supply of labour or other services.,Article 4 This Convention governs only the formation of the contract of sale and the rights and obligations of the seller and the buyer arising from such a contract. In particular, except as otherwise expressly pro

11、vided in this Convention, it is not concerned with: (a) the validity of the contract or of any of its provisions or of any usage; (b) the effect which the contract may have on the property in the goods sold. Article 5 This Convention does not apply to the liability of the seller for death or persona

12、l injury caused by the goods to any person.,Case 2,The defendants, two Swiss sellers of computer software, the plaintiff, a French buyer, and asked for specific performance of the sale of software contract, which had been declared avoided by the plaintiff. Question: whether CISG is applicable? P.S.

13、The CISG entered into force in Switzerland on 1 March 1991. The contract was concluded on 21 September 1990. The dispute arose in 1 May 1991.,例題1,【1999年卷一單選第18題】 1980年聯(lián)合國國際貨物買賣合同公約對(duì)合同的適用范圍作了規(guī)定，下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)應(yīng)適用公約的規(guī)定？A締約國中營業(yè)地處于同一國家的當(dāng)事人之間貨物的買賣B締約國中營業(yè)地分處不同國家的當(dāng)事人之間飛機(jī)的買賣C不同國家的當(dāng)事人之間股票的買賣D締約國中營業(yè)地分處不同國家的當(dāng)事人之間的貨物的買賣

14、,例題2,【2002年卷一多選第67題】 設(shè)下列各公司所屬國均為1980年聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約的締約國，依公約的規(guī)定，下列哪幾種情況適用公約?A營業(yè)地位于中國的兩個(gè)不同國家的公司訂立的關(guān)于電視機(jī)的買賣合同B營業(yè)地位于不同國家的兩公司訂立的補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易合同，其中服務(wù)未構(gòu)成供貨方的絕大部分義務(wù)C營業(yè)地位于不同國家的兩公司關(guān)于食糖的貿(mào)易合同 D營業(yè)地位于不同國家的兩公司訂立的補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易合同，其中服務(wù)構(gòu)成了供貸方的絕大部分義務(wù),例題3,【2003年卷一多選第66題】聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約適用于下列哪些合同？ A.營業(yè)地在不同締約國的當(dāng)事人之間所訂立的貨物銷售合同 B.住所地在不同締約國的當(dāng)事人之間

15、所訂立的貨物銷售合同 C.具有不同締約國國籍的當(dāng)事人之間所訂立的貨物銷售合同 D.在國際私法規(guī)則導(dǎo)致適用某一締約國法律的條件下，營業(yè)地在不同國家的當(dāng)事人之間所訂立的貨物銷售合同,3.公約的任意性,Article 6 The parties may exclude the application of this Convention or, subject to article 12, derogate from or vary the effect of any of its provisions. 注意 :對(duì)公約的任意性問題應(yīng)當(dāng)特別注意，公約是買賣合同無特別排除約定便自動(dòng)適用，而不是當(dāng)事人在

16、合同中有特別約定才適用。另外，如果當(dāng)事人選擇了某一國際慣例，則合同仍適用公約，但國際慣例與公約規(guī)定不一致的地方，適用國際慣例的規(guī)定。,4、我國加入公約時(shí)的保留,(1) 合同形式的保留。我國堅(jiān)持國際貨物銷售合同只能采取書面形式訂立，因而對(duì)公約第11條提出保留。 (2) 擴(kuò)大適用的保留。我國堅(jiān)持沖突規(guī)范指向的只能是實(shí)體法，不同意通過對(duì)國際私法的引用而使公約適用于非締約國，因而對(duì)公約第1條第（1）款（b）項(xiàng)提出保留。,Case 2,一位營業(yè)地在德國的賣主和一位營業(yè)地在瑞士的買主簽訂合同，賣方向買方出售一套家用空氣清新設(shè)備。雙方合同執(zhí)行完畢后，另一位德國人對(duì)貨物提出所有權(quán)爭議，要求法院判決合同無效，因

17、為德國賣主沒有貨物的所有權(quán)。 問題：該買賣合同爭議是否適用公約？,思路,（1）當(dāng)事人營業(yè)地是否位于不同締約國國內(nèi)或者國際私法導(dǎo)致適用公約？ （2）合同的標(biāo)的或者買賣的方式是否屬于公約的排除范圍？ （3）合同爭議是否屬于公約涉及的范圍？,案例4,一家營業(yè)地在日本的公司同營業(yè)地在中國的服裝廠簽訂了銷售合同，由中國廠商向日本公司供應(yīng)西裝1000套，但是西裝的布料和襯里等材料均由日本公司提供?，F(xiàn)雙方發(fā)生合同糾紛，是否適用公約？,公約參考, John O. Honnold, Uniform Law for International Sale under the 1980 United National Convention (1982) 李巍著，聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約評(píng)釋，法律出版社2002年版。,UNIDROIT Principles