虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件54234.ppt

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣,Outlook 俱樂(lè)部,陳述語(yǔ)氣陳述事實(shí)或提出看法,有肯定,否定,疑問(wèn)或感嘆等形式 I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet. 祈使語(yǔ)氣 請(qǐng)求,邀請(qǐng), 命令,警告或勸告等Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.,一. 語(yǔ)氣的分類,虛擬語(yǔ)氣,虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中)；一是表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語(yǔ)從句

2、、主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句)。,虛擬語(yǔ)氣的概念,虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主要內(nèi)容,一、非真實(shí)條件句（if等）中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 時(shí)態(tài)一致 2. 混合條件句 3. 含蓄條件句 4. 倒裝句 5. If only 感嘆 二、名詞性從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣： 賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句 三、幾種特殊的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句式 wish、as if/though、would rather、Its time Its necessary/strange/matural/inportant+that從句,虛擬語(yǔ)氣,一、在條件從句中 (叫虛擬條件句)，表示與事實(shí)相反的條件。分三種情況(以 do 為例)：,虛擬語(yǔ)氣在 在條件從句中,

3、1.If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick. 2.If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug. 3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake. 4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.,（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）,（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）,5.If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.

4、6.I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools. 7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.,(與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反),2、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬句 通常情況下,在非真實(shí)條件句中主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所指時(shí)間是一致的, 但有時(shí)也可能指不同的時(shí)間,這時(shí)要根據(jù)上下文的意思采用不同的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式. 1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (從句指現(xiàn)在

5、, 主句指過(guò)去)。 2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (從句指過(guò)去,主句指現(xiàn)在)。 3. If we hadnt been working hard in the past few years, things wouldnt be going so smoothly. （從句指過(guò)去，主句指現(xiàn)在）。 4. If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.（從句指過(guò)去，主

6、句指現(xiàn)在）。 5. If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. （從句指現(xiàn)在，主句指將來(lái)）,3、含蓄條件句 有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示出來(lái),二是暗含在上下文中,比如通過(guò)介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。這些介詞常是：but for, without, otherwise等。如： But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 如果不是聽(tīng)了你的建議，我就不會(huì)做的如此成功。 The chan

7、ge could not have taken place without the open-door policy. 沒(méi)有開(kāi)放的政策，就不會(huì)有如此大的變化。 I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer. 我當(dāng)時(shí)很忙，否則，我就會(huì)把答案告訴他的。,虛擬語(yǔ)氣,4、省略 if 的條件從句 當(dāng)從句中有 were, had 或 should 時(shí)，可省略if ，而把它們放在句首。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to me

8、et him tomorrow, If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.,虛擬語(yǔ)氣在 在條件從句中,Had you come a few.,5 . If only 要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only

9、 I could see him again!,要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。 要是我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車就好了！,If only our parents could live with us!,If only I hadnt missed the train!,a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?,were,would take,burst,would happen,PR

10、ACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.,c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room now, it _ (be) very dangerous. d. If I _ (be) in your position at this time, I _ (ask) for teachers help .,were not,could be,were,would ask,If he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had

11、,a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already. b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.,had been,would have passed,had got,would have caught,PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks,c. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.,had met,would have g

12、one,3. 名詞性從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 主要是表示命令、要求、建議的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,賓語(yǔ)從句。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞： 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist 兩個(gè)命令：order, command 三個(gè)建議：advise, suggest, propose 五個(gè)要求：demand , require, request, desire ask,這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。即從句中的動(dòng)詞 使用should + 動(dòng)詞原形，或者將should省略。,我們建議Tom 去休息一下。 他堅(jiān)決要求我到場(chǎng)。 國(guó)王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。 他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ鳌?We suggested that Tom have a re

13、st.,He insisted that I (should )be present.,The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.,They requested that we (should) send them to work there.,虛擬語(yǔ)氣在：在賓語(yǔ)從句中,注意:insist / suggest 各有兩意思，要用不同的語(yǔ)氣 表“堅(jiān)決要求”,虛擬, should + do; 表“堅(jiān)稱,堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”,陳述語(yǔ)氣,表事實(shí)。 表“建議”，虛擬, should + do; 表“表明、暗示” ，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 The tea

14、cher suggested that we _ more after class. （我們課后多練習(xí)） The look on her face suggested that she _happy He insisted that all of us _there on time by any means. （我們大家想盡辦法按時(shí)去那兒） He insisted that he _ the wallet(沒(méi)有偷錢包).,insist,suggest,(should) practise,was,should be,didnt steal,以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句

15、和同位語(yǔ)從句也要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句中的動(dòng)詞形式一樣。 即：(should)V. order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire,Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.,二：虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型：,wish 的賓語(yǔ)

16、從句,現(xiàn)在： 過(guò)去： 將來(lái)：,過(guò)去時(shí)（were）,過(guò)去完成時(shí),would/could/might+V. should,I wish I were a bird.（現(xiàn)在） I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（過(guò)去） We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （將來(lái)）,as if, as though 引起的從句，其用法同 wish 構(gòu)成的賓語(yǔ)從句一樣,As if/though和wish用法相同,He looks as if he were drunk.,They talked as if they had been frie

17、nds for years.,She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems as if it were spring. I remembered the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.,2. would rather (that),現(xiàn)在： 過(guò)去： 將來(lái)：,I would rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,

18、過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí),3.Its (about/high) time +(that),should +V.,過(guò)去時(shí),你該走了。,我們?cè)撊ニX(jué)了。,Its high time that you went. Its high time that you were going. Its high time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,(Should不可省略),4. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important +

19、that-Clause 從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形,It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. Its necessary that we should study hard.,虛擬語(yǔ)氣,Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed

20、2.It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy. He would be still alive today if he _ that drug. A.not take B. hadnt taken C. didnt takeD. shouldnt have taken,Exercises,虛擬語(yǔ)氣,3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen 4. Tom sugges

21、ted that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell 5. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone,虛擬語(yǔ)氣,6. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得飽), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get 7. He is talk

22、ing so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been 8. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent,虛擬語(yǔ)氣,9. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had 10. I dont think i

23、t is the right time that you _. A. will go B. went C. go D. must go 11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken,虛擬語(yǔ)氣,12.(2003上海春季高考題)Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ your advice. A.followedB.would follow C.had

24、 followedD.should follow 13.(2002上海高考題)It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall 14.She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him，but he

25、didnt believe it. A.hadnt spoken B.shouldnt speak C.wouldnt speak D.not speak,三種基本形式,If I had a bike, I would lend it to you.(if從句用過(guò)去時(shí), 主句用should/ would/ could/ might+不定式) If he had been here, he would have helped you.(從句過(guò)去完成時(shí), 主句should /would/ could/ might +不定式完成時(shí)) If I should/were to do the experi

26、ment, I would do it some other way. (從句用should/ were to, 主句用should/would /could /might+不定式),if的省略,1. Were you in my position, you would do the same. 2. Had he come earlier ,he would have seen her. 3. Should they attack us, we would wipe them out completely.,If only,If only you would listen to reason

27、. If only I were ten years younger. IF only he didnt drive so fast. If only he had asked someones advice. If I could only go to the concert. If I could only/but/just explain.,I wish,I wish I knew the answer. I wish I had known the address. I wish I were young. I wish you would stop asking silly ques

28、tions. I wished I knew his address.(發(fā)生在過(guò)去=I was sorry I didnt know his address.) I wished I were young.(=I was sorry I was not young.),Would rather,I would rather you told her the truth. Id rather you came tomorrow. Id rather (that) he painted it blue. I would (just)as soon that John had not spoken

29、rudely to me.,It is (high) time that.,It is time we_(leave). It is time we _(go)to bed. Its high time that you were in bed. Its about time we left.,Its important that.,It is important that we _ (speak) politely. It is imperative that we_ (practice) criticism and self-criticism strange, advisable, anxious, crucial, appropriate compulsory, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(絕對(duì)必要的), impossible, improper, natural, necessary, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing,I insist that,I insist that we _ (go) there by bus. He sugges