初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)題

1、.中考英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)歸納與例析【命題趨勢(shì)】被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是各地中考重要考點(diǎn)之一，考察內(nèi)容主要是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)以及含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)，考察題型主要是選擇題，詞匯應(yīng)用和翻譯句子等，預(yù)計(jì)2019年被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考察重在適當(dāng)語(yǔ)境中應(yīng)用被動(dòng)，動(dòng)詞填空，完成句子等為主考點(diǎn)。【概念講解】語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，漢語(yǔ)往往用被，受，給等詞來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義,英語(yǔ)里的被字句就叫被動(dòng)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。Eg: Hewrotethelette

2、r.（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Theletterwaswrittenbyhim.（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只變be的形式，be后面的過(guò)去分詞不變，也就是說(shuō)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中助動(dòng)詞be有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化【主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)的方法】1. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)里的主語(yǔ)2. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞加be作為被動(dòng)里的謂語(yǔ)3. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的by 短語(yǔ)。（by短語(yǔ)可省略， by后的代詞用賓格）【主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)解題步驟】 1. 找賓語(yǔ) -即動(dòng)作的承受者2. 判斷賓語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù) -即be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)3. 判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) -即be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).4. 修改謂語(yǔ)的形式 -即原句動(dòng)詞改為過(guò)去分詞5. 修改原句的主語(yǔ) -即

3、by+（原主語(yǔ)/代詞則用賓格）.Eg: They make shoes in that factory.Shoes are made by them主變賓,賓變主, 謂動(dòng)be done 時(shí)不變,人稱(chēng)、數(shù)、格隨著變小試牛刀： （2018寧夏模擬）teenagers have to be 18 years old before they _to drive a car. A are allowed B is allowed C will be allowed D allow 【被動(dòng)的幾種句式】 肯定句：主be + 過(guò)去分詞(by )否定句：主語(yǔ)be not 過(guò)去分詞(by )一般疑問(wèn)句：Be 主語(yǔ)

4、過(guò)去分詞(by )? 特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞(5W1H)be主語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞 (by ) ？小試牛刀：（2018寧夏預(yù)測(cè)卷）English is widely used around the world.(試變成以上幾種句式) 【考點(diǎn)歸納：】1、五種常考基本時(shí)態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）和帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：amisare及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Eg:Imaskedtotakecareofmyself.Footballisplayedallovertheworld一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Eg:The house was built in

5、1988 His leg was broken in the car accident.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will/shall +be +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 Eg：More factories will be built in the future. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has been +過(guò)去分詞Eg :We have been learnt English for 15 years. Luxun s book has been translated into many languages.帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。Eg: Teenagers should be a

6、llowed to choose their own clothes.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成,即can/may/must/should + be+過(guò)去分詞1. We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.2. They should do it at once. It should be done at once.【主變被的特殊情況】1. 感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)即feel , hear , listen , have , make , le

7、t , look , watch , see , notice ，這些詞在主動(dòng)句中，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式不加to，但變被動(dòng)句時(shí)必須加to. Eg: He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.(他昨天讓那男孩工作了兩小時(shí)) The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2.Mother never lets me watch TV . I am never let to watch TV by mother.2、含雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：英語(yǔ)中有一些動(dòng)詞可以接雙賓語(yǔ)，如tel

8、l,show,buy,ask,pass,write,do,make,sell,send,sing,give,answer,teach,offer,pay,promise,allow等，即是說(shuō)這些動(dòng)詞后面會(huì)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)人和物做賓語(yǔ)，指物的叫直接賓語(yǔ)，指人的賓語(yǔ)叫間接賓語(yǔ)。變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)如果指物的賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，指人的賓語(yǔ)前要用介詞for或to。常見(jiàn)的接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有: to: pass, give, teach, show, bring, hand for: make, buy, draw, sing, get,以“人”當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，變法和一般的變法一樣；以“物”當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，在保留的間接賓語(yǔ)（人）前必須加to

9、或for.Eg：he gave me a book. I was given a book by him. A book was given to me by him.3.含有短語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，因此沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但有的不及物動(dòng)詞后面加上介詞及其他一些詞類(lèi)構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，其作用相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，才可以接賓語(yǔ)，因而也可以變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。在變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不能去掉構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞. 常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) take care of be taken care of cut down be cut down laugh at be laughed at look aft

10、erbe looked after下列這些短語(yǔ)本身即是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式，不需再加by be covered with 用覆蓋著 be interested in 對(duì)感興趣 be surprised at 對(duì)感到驚奇 be made of （from）用制造的【常見(jiàn)被動(dòng)句式】 在漢語(yǔ)中，有一類(lèi)句子不需要出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示，例如：1.據(jù)說(shuō)Itissaidthat2.據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)Itisreportedthat3.據(jù)推測(cè)Itissupposedthat4.希望Itishopedthat5.眾所周知Itiswellknownthat6.普遍認(rèn)為Itisgenerallyconsidere

11、dthat7.有人建議Itissuggestedthat8.It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought.）that.大家同意（相信、決定、希望、認(rèn)為）.9 It is(was)taken for granted that.被視為當(dāng)然10.It must be remembered that.務(wù)必記住.11. It mustnt be forgotten that.千萬(wàn)別忘記.12.It is(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that.據(jù)說(shuō)(報(bào)道、聽(tīng)說(shuō)、告知、建議.)例句：1)Itisreporte

12、dthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.【典型例題】 （ ）1The Olympic Games _every four years. A are held B were held Care holding Dwill ho1d（ ）2. In the art show，a lot of enjoyment _ _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings A is giving B is given C will give

13、 D has given（ ）3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _in. many schools around the world. A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught（ ）4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _as Peoples Writer. A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards（ ）5. Usually

14、 computers _to search the Internet. A. use B. are using C. are used D. used（ ）6. -Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes. Our classroom _every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned（ ）7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible? 一YesIn fact，it _.Thats all because of the people and the fact

15、ories around A polluted B was polluted C has polluted Dwas po11ute（ ）8. -Our environment is getting worse than before. -Youre right. But thanks to Earth Day_, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保護(hù))the earth since Earth Day.A. is started B. was started C. has started（ ）9. -I feel

16、 very happy that I _to be the host. -Congratulations!A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen（ ）10. Many trees and flowers _ in our school last year，and they made our school a beautiful garden Aplant Bplanted Chave planted Dwere planted（ ）11.Some famous paintings _in the hall next week.

17、A. will show B. were shown C. is shown D. will be shown（ ）12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week . A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives（ ）13.-Great changes have taken place in this city. -Right. Many modern tall buildings have been _ these d

18、ays. A. turned upB. put up C. shown up D. fixed up（ ）14.Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China. A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed（ ）15.Do you often clean your classroom? Yes, our classroom _ every day.A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. Cleaned三、課后練習(xí)（ ）1Susan, why are you still he

19、re? They are all ready to start. Im sorry, but I _ when to meet. A. dont tell B. didnt tell C. havent told D. wasnt told（ ）2Many old houses around our school _ next year and a large green area will appear. A. pull downB. will be pulled downC. will pull downD. are pulled down（ ）3- My watch _. - Dont

20、worry. Lets go to the Lost & Found. A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped（ ）4-Did you go to Sams weekend party? -No, I_. A. am not invitedB. wasnt invitedC. havent invitedD. didnt invite（ ）5- How often _ your school sports meeting _? - Once a year.A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held

21、 D. did; hold（ ）6On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars. A. sell B. sold C. is sold D. was sold （ ）7The Thousand- hand Guanyin _ by many people as the best performance at CCTVs Spring Festival Evening. A. has been regarded B. are regarded C

22、. has regarded D. regards（ ）8Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful. Yes, they _ in Hangzhou. A. paintedB. were painting C. were painted D. had painted（ ）9-Dont litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign: “Rubbish into the dustbin.” -Sorry. A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D , must b

23、e thrown（ ）10The 29th 0lympic Games _in Beijing in 2008Awill hold B will be held Chold（ ）11. The girl was often heard happily in her room.A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings（ ）12. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _ in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. ha

24、s built D. will build（ ）13. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _ in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build（ ）14. The sick boy _ to hospital by the police yesterday.A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took（ ）15. -Its difficult for the villa

25、ge children to cross the river for school.-I think a bridge _ over the river.A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built （ ）16. -David, turn off the TV_ no one is watching it. -But it _ off already! The music is from the radio. A. so that, has been turned B. when, has turned

26、C. if, has been turned D. because, has turned（ ）17. Usually John to school in his fathers beautiful car.A. has taken B. is taking C. is taken D. has been taken（ ）18. Dont put off todays work for tomorrow. I mean, todays work _ today.A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done （ ）19.-Look, wh

27、at an old palace! It looks so great!-Yeah, it _ nearly 800 years ago.A. was building B. was builtC. has builtD. is built（ ）20. Dont discuss the problems with your partner unless you _ to do so. A. ask B. are asked C. will ask D. will be ask.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1A 。解析考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，根據(jù)句意，“奧運(yùn)會(huì)每四年舉行一次”可見(jiàn)須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故排除了B、C、D

28、。2答案B。解析本題考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，句中a lot of enjoyment是動(dòng)作的承受者?！霸谶@次藝術(shù)展中，一些有趣的東西通過(guò)中國(guó)國(guó)畫(huà)展示給外國(guó)朋友?！?答案D。解析考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。物作主語(yǔ)，一般要考慮被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但如果動(dòng)詞指的是物的特性，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。4答案A。解析 選用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示人們對(duì)這位偉大作家的愛(ài)戴。5答案C 。解析從句子看，電腦作主語(yǔ)，是動(dòng)作的承受者，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選C。6. 答案C。解析考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)物作主語(yǔ)，一般要考慮被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但如果動(dòng)詞指的是物的特性，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)1答案B。考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。物作主語(yǔ)，一般要考慮被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但如果動(dòng)詞指的是物的特性，不

29、能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2答案B。 解析從句意：“自從地球日開(kāi)始以來(lái)，人們已做了一些越來(lái)越有用的事保護(hù)環(huán)境。”可知，“地球日”的開(kāi)始，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為was started故選B。 3. We _into five groups to go to the old peoples home. We did many things to cheer them up. 太原市A. divided B. are divided C. were divided3答案C。解析本題主要考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)句意及語(yǔ)境可推知空格處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式。由后一句We did many things”可

30、推斷，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。因此選C。4C 5D一般將來(lái)過(guò)去1答案D。解析 本題綜合考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)為“一些名畫(huà)”，在此為動(dòng)作“展出”的承受者，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為next week，是表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以句子時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，所以D項(xiàng)正確。2B 答案B答案：D。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞。答案為C。句中有every day，主語(yǔ)為our classroom，故要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。【參考答案】1答案D 解析：依據(jù)句意：對(duì)不起，但我不知道什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)面。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，I 和tell之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。2答案B 解析：由題干時(shí)間next year 科知識(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，句子主語(yǔ)是old houses ,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選B。3答案A 解析：由Lets go to the Lost & Found.可知，說(shuō)明表丟失了。故選4答案B 解析：由Did you go to Sams weekend party?可知陳述過(guò)去的動(dòng)作的發(fā)生，I 和invite之間存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選B。5答案C 解析：How often+一般疑問(wèn)句？此句型用來(lái)提問(wèn)在某一特定時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行某個(gè)動(dòng)作的次數(shù)，表示“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間一次”。往往針對(duì)頻度副詞如：always, seldom, usually, once a month, sometimes,