數(shù)字印刷翻譯本科論文

1、中文 2490 字Digital printingPhil GreenDigital printing is currently the most rapidlygrowing print sector, and onesupplierwhich is opening up new possibilities of short-run color work. It is also enabling entirely different relationships between the purchaser and of printed products and making possible

2、all kinds of new products.The conventional printing processes described earlier in this chapter are mature technologies. The technological development of these processes will continue, but will tend to deliver only incremental improvements in performance. Digital printing, by comparison, is still at

3、 an early stage in its development and will continue to develop rapidly, opening up new markets and making increasing inroads into the conventional process.that digital printing will is for two fundamentaltoo high to compete onIn the medium term at least, it is highly unlikely entirely replace the c

4、onventional processes. This reasons:The cost of colorants used makes unit priceslonger runs;The strength of digital printing However, the short-run market is of product are falling, and new digital production. A directModern printing equipment is designed around production economies of scale, with h

5、igh speeds, large formats and inline processes such as folding and coating, and it will be some time before manufacturers build digital presses that can compete on high production volumes.is therefore largely in shorter print runs. expanding fast as print runs for all types products are made possibl

6、e by integrated cost comparison between digital and conventional printing may not be relevant in every case as digital printing can often provide a better solution to a communication problem, adding value and generating savings elsewhere in the production cycle, for example,in administration or dist

7、ribution costs. This logic also applies to the print buyers when thinking of incorporating digital printing into their own operations, adding them to their existing design and prepress operations. To take a example in retailing, instore printing facilities linked to install and run than purchasing f

8、rom external suppliers, but the marketing benefits may outweigh the additional costs.The point at which digital and conventional printing breaks even tends to be at a run length of around 1000 copies(more for black and white and less for color). Run lengths that do not fall automatically into the pr

9、ovince of conventional or digital will be decided by the added value of the process: for digital printing this includes distributed printing and the ability to vary the image with each copy, while for conventional processes such as litho it will include the higher quality levels, the greater range o

10、f substrates that can be printed, and the availability of inline processes such as coating.Digital printing technologiesDigital printers currently fall into four basic types:Page printers that print flat sheets of paper, usually in A4 format but sometimes up to A3 (these range from desktop printers

11、to high -speed copier/printers like DocuTech, and include high-quality continuous tone printers used mostly for proofs and presentation materials);Large-format devices that print on continuous rolls, mainly for short-run posters;Overprinting heads for adding product codes (mainly for packaging) that

12、 are mounted onto conventional presses or finishing equipment, or on packaging lines;Reel-fed machines that print at speeds comparable to conventional printing presses.A digital printer has two fundamental components: a marking engine that transfers colorant to the paper, and a front-end that prepar

13、es the data used todrive the marking engine. The front end will include a RIP and a memory buffer. The page data is transferred directly to the front end without the need for films and plates, so there are large potential savings in costs.Because the digital printing device is driven by data and req

14、uires no plates, the image can be changed for each successive print. This variable image printing concept has great potential interest to publishers and adver tisers who are interested in tailoring their communications more closely to what is known about their audience, often in conjunction with sop

15、histicated marketing databases.Digital printing systems that operate at high speeds or high resolutions require dedicated front ends and large memory buffers, but low-end devices such as desktop printers can make use of software-based printer drivers that sit on the user s host computer.The most wid

16、ely-used technologies in marking engines are ink jet, laser and dye sublimation.Ink jetInk jet printers deploy an array of nozzles to project ink droplets onto the paper surface. The nozzles are relatively cheap to produce, and wider arrays that can image a moving web of paper are currently in devel

17、opment. Ink jet print heads are found in all the types of digital printer listed earlier, and dominate the large-format and overprinting markets. They can print on the widest range of substrates (including cheaper grades such as part mechanicals).LaserLaser printers transfer toner to the paper surfa

18、ce electro-statically. An image is created on a photoconductive surface by adding or removing an electrical charge, and toner is attracted to the charged areas on this imaging surface (laser printers are perhaps more accurately known as electrostatic printers, since other energy sources such as elec

19、tron beams can also be used to alter the conductive properties of the imaging surface). Most systems usedry toner powder, but liquid toner systems are also available and deliver much better print quality: smaller particle sizes yield higher print resolution, and gloss resins can be incorporated to m

20、ake the finish more like that of a conventional print. Laser printers are mainly found in page printers and reel-fed printers.Dye sublimationand transfer it to theprocess are extremely to one-off prints for be extremely high,Dye sublimation printers vaporize a waxy colorant paper surface. The unit c

21、ost of prints made by this high, and as a result its use is restricted largely proofing or presentation purposes. Quality can comparable to a glossy photographic print.With all the digital printing systems there is a trade-off between resolution and speed. The more device pixels there are to be imag

22、ed on a page, the slower the print speed will be in pages per minute.Digital workflowthe mainstream of developspeedy development of digital processing and internet exchange All-digital traditionalinformationprocessing, involvedworkflows are on their way. They will soon analogue imaging and reliable

23、digital performance proofing, output, and transfer. It will also enable no -film Computer-To-Plate system to take the lead. Multi-mediareplace the in graphicalsuch asdocumental output is no longer a dream anymore. Pre-press production line has becoming more integrated, professional and diversified.

24、The main development trends of application software are openness, cross -platform functions, intelligence and standardization of documentation format.e trenddigital workflow gradually remove the obstacles to the implementation of digital technologies. Advanced output technology, together with intell

25、igentization of digital workflow management will also improve the efficiency of digital printing operation.The implementation of digital workflow is the irresistibl development in printing industry. Maturing printing technologies CopyDot scanning, digital proofing, computer-to-plate, andThe digital

26、technology process has almost replaced the traditional technology. The design and pictures can be transferred by network or through electronic medium. The corporation of pan-region, pan-country, pan-continent will be a common thing. We can offer the need, exchange information, remote proofing, and p

27、roduction tracking etc. The product can be designed in somewhere of the world, and printed in another place of the world.Direct-to-pressOne of the success stories of digital printing is Heidelberg s Quickmaster DI, which uses digital imaging on an otherwise conventional press design. Machines have b

28、een installed in a large number of bureau-typeoperations,and deliver many of the advantages of digital printing at the quality and cost associated with litho.Anew production modelpossible to are producedcompletely rethink the way in which visual and distributed.The traditional model of print product

29、ion can be summarized as print a large enough quantity of a product to make unit costs economic, and then distribute to the end-user . Digital technologies make it communicationsPrint-on-demand producing for stock.Because the amount of prepress work and when compared with entirely variable, with bec

30、ome cost-effectiveare minimalpress make-ready production costs are almost a very small fixed element. This means that they to print copies as they are needed, instead ofconventional printing,Distribute, then printPrinted products are usually distributed over a wide geographical area, and it can some

31、times be more cost-effective to distribute the pages in digital form for local reproduction.Distribute electronicallyFor items whose function is information rather than marketing, end -users will often accept the end product in electronic form (on disc or CD): the pages can be printed individually a

32、s required. This allows the originator of the product to focus on its content instead of its reproduction.Alternatively, it may be possible to use an online distribution medium such as the World Wide Web, and create pages that are intended for viewing on screen rather than reproduced on paper.Variab

33、le image printingcommunication to be personalized for its of readers can then be targeted with interests, their social background or theirAs each page is imaged separately, and there is no physical printing plate, it is possible to change some or all of the page with each successive print. This enab

34、les, for example, each intended recipient, and groups information appropriate to their geographical location.數(shù)字印刷費爾 格林?jǐn)?shù)字印 刷是當(dāng)前 印刷行業(yè)發(fā)展 最快的部 分。其中一個 原因是他 實現(xiàn)了彩色印 刷的經(jīng) 濟性。他 使得印刷品的消費者和供應(yīng)商之間建 立了完全不同的關(guān)系。傳統(tǒng)印 刷技術(shù)是相當(dāng)成熟的技 術(shù)，并 將繼續(xù)進(jìn) 步，但 將只傾向于只提 供增值的 改進(jìn) 。 與 傳統(tǒng)印刷相比，數(shù)字印刷剛剛起步，并將快速發(fā)展，開辟新的市 場，不 斷沖 擊 傳 統(tǒng)印刷。但是，最終在 信 息 時代

35、數(shù) 字印 刷 不大可 能 取 代整個傳 統(tǒng) 印刷。這 有兩 個 根本的 原因 ：1. 單張印 品 所使用色料（油墨）的價格 較長版活高出很多。2. 現(xiàn)代印 刷 設(shè)備是圍繞印刷產(chǎn)品的經(jīng)濟性而設(shè)計的，要求速度 高.規(guī)格大.能 在線進(jìn)行 折頁. 涂 布 等 。在 制 造 商生 產(chǎn) 出 可 以 在線 完 成 大批 量 產(chǎn) 品 的 數(shù)字 印刷機前 ，傳統(tǒng)印刷技術(shù)將長期存在 。數(shù)字印 刷技術(shù)的 優(yōu)勢在于短版 活。然而 短版市場快速 擴張，更 如能印刷各種 印 刷品 的印 刷機 快 速 減 少 ，新 的 產(chǎn) 品將 通 過 與 數(shù) 字印 刷 技 術(shù)的 結(jié) 合 而產(chǎn) 生。個直接的消費 變化并不是與 任何情況 都

36、相關(guān)的，比如數(shù)字印 刷技術(shù)對于連接問題 提供了一種更好的解決方法。在生產(chǎn)的整個過程中，有些地 方增加了成本，有 些地 方 則 節(jié)約成本。例如在管理和拆版的費用。當(dāng) 考慮要將數(shù)字印刷作為其操作 的一 部分 ，實現(xiàn)在線設(shè)計和印前處理時，這種邏輯 也被印刷機購買者所采用。拿 零售 商為 例，必將出現(xiàn)印刷設(shè)備與核心價格及市場 數(shù)據(jù)庫聯(lián)系起來，這樣就可以 在短 時 間 內(nèi)生產(chǎn)出新賣點的材料進(jìn)行安裝運行，而 不是從其他供應(yīng)商處購買，市場利 潤將可能 超過傳統(tǒng)工藝的成本。數(shù) 字印 刷 的 賣點 在 于 生 產(chǎn) 1000 個 左右 印 品 （ 黑 白地 較 多 ，彩 色 少）。 印 數(shù) 由 印 刷流 程的 附

37、加 費 用 決 定 ：如 數(shù) 字 印刷 中 就 包 括 分類 印 刷 和個 性 印 刷。 而對 于傳 統(tǒng)工藝 如膠印則 包括較高質(zhì)量要求，大量片基需求， 在線涂布等。數(shù)字印刷技術(shù)數(shù)字印 刷機通常 有四種類型：單張紙印刷機，幅面通常為A4,也有的達(dá)到A3 （此范圍從桌面打印機到高速印刷機如 DocuTech, 包括通常用來打樣和印刷圖象稿件的高質(zhì)量的連 續(xù)調(diào) 印 刷 機）卷 筒紙 印 刷 機等 大 型 設(shè) 備，主 要為 速遞 服 務(wù)者所 用。套 加印 設(shè) 備，用 于 傳統(tǒng) 印刷或 作 為最后 一 道 工 序，給 印刷品（通 常為包 裝印 刷 ） 加印 代 碼 。臺數(shù)墨轉(zhuǎn)移到 紙張上 ；一套卷 筒

38、紙 印 刷 機， 印 速 可 與 傳統(tǒng) 印 刷 機相 比 。 字印刷機 由兩 部分組成 ：一套印 刷裝置 ，將油印 前系 統(tǒng) ，為印 刷提供數(shù)據(jù)資 料。該印前 系統(tǒng)包括 RIP 和記憶緩沖器 。數(shù)據(jù)頁面直接 傳輸?shù)接?前 系統(tǒng) ，不需 要 菲林和 印版 ， 因 此省 卻 了 大 量 的印 前 費 用。由于數(shù) 字印刷機用數(shù)字形式取 代了印版 ，在連 續(xù)印刷中 就 可以 改 變 圖 象。這種“可 變數(shù)據(jù)” 印刷的概念對于印刷商和廣告業(yè)者有 著潛在的影響，他們經(jīng) 常在生 產(chǎn)中 使 用 高度 復(fù) 雜 的 市 場數(shù) 據(jù) 庫 ，針 對 人 們 的 興趣 及 時 對圖 文 進(jìn) 行 修 改。高速或高分辨率的數(shù)

39、字印刷系統(tǒng)配有先進(jìn)的印前裝置和大容量的記憶緩沖器 。而 低 檔 設(shè)備 如 桌 面 打 印機 可 以 利用 電 腦 軟 件 進(jìn)行 工 作 。現(xiàn)在應(yīng) 用最廣泛的技術(shù)是噴墨 打印，激 光打印和染料 升華技術(shù) 。噴墨技術(shù)噴墨打 印機配置 了一排噴嘴， 將墨滴噴 射到紙張表面 。制造噴 嘴是相當(dāng)便宜的 ，而 能夠 連續(xù) 繪 圖 的 寬 排噴 嘴 也 在不 斷 發(fā) 展 中 。很 早 以 前， 各 種 型號 的噴 墨打印 機出 現(xiàn)并 系列 化 ， 主 宰 著套 印 市 場， 而 且 他 們 的承 印 物 范圍 是 最 廣泛 的。激光技術(shù)激光打 印機以帶 電的方式將色 劑轉(zhuǎn)移到 紙張表面。通 過增加或 轉(zhuǎn)移電荷使圖象呈現(xiàn) 在一光導(dǎo) 面上，帶相反 電荷的色 料被吸附在光 導(dǎo)面有圖 文的地方。（激光打印 機更 確切 的說 應(yīng) 該 稱 為 靜電 轉(zhuǎn) 移 印刷 機 ， 其 它 能源 如 電 子束 也 可 以用 來改變圖象表面 的傳導(dǎo)特 性）大多數(shù)機器使用干粉色料，也有 些使用液體油墨（同樣是可變的，印刷 質(zhì)量更高 ）：油墨粒子的微小尺寸產(chǎn)生高的 分辨率而與有光澤的樹脂融合 一體 ， 更 使得 數(shù) 字 印 刷 品