中考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題講練 不定代詞（含解析）

1、不定代詞不定代詞知識(shí)精講一、不定代詞的定義：不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。不定代詞在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)等。不定代詞可以分為一般不定代詞和復(fù)合不定代詞。二、一般不定代詞及用法1. some/any含義：“一些”，既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。區(qū)別：1). some用于陳肯句；any用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句。例：I can see some flowers, but I cant see any apples.2). some 用在疑問(wèn)句中有表示請(qǐng)求或建議的功能；any用在肯定句中有強(qiáng)調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的功能，意為“任何”。Would you like some

2、coffee?You may come at any time.2. many/much“許多”區(qū)別例句many+可數(shù)名詞How many people are there at the meeting?much+不可數(shù)名詞How much time has we left?注意：“many”和“much”前可有so, too等詞進(jìn)行修飾。如：There are too many mistakes in your diary.So many people are waiting for the bus.Sorry, Im afraid I cant go with you. Ive got t

3、oo much work to do.3. few/a few/little/a little修飾可數(shù)名詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞含義fewlittle否定含義，幾乎沒(méi)有a fewa little肯定含義，還有一點(diǎn)例：He has a few friends.他有幾個(gè)朋友。He has few friends. 他幾乎沒(méi)有朋友。We still have a little time. 我們還有點(diǎn)時(shí)間。There is little time left. 幾乎沒(méi)剩下什么時(shí)間了。4. both, either, neither, all, every, none使用范圍單詞中文釋義例句 兩個(gè)人或物both兩

4、者都Both of the boys are clever. 兩個(gè)男孩都很聰明。either兩者中任何一個(gè)Either of the two boys is clever. 兩個(gè)男孩都很聰明。neither兩者都不Neither of the two boys is clever.兩個(gè)男孩都不聰明。 三者及以上all所有的，全部All the flowers are gone.所有的花都謝了。every每一Every student is here. 每一個(gè)學(xué)生都在這了。none都不I like none of the flowers.這些花我都不喜歡。5. “other” 、“another

5、”、“others”和“the others”易混淆詞范圍含義other泛指其他的the other(one,the other)= 2另一個(gè)another 3另一個(gè)others = other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)剩余非全部其他的the others剩余全部其他的例：I have two pencils. One is yellow, the other is red.I dont like this green pencil, please give me another one.In our class, some students like playing football, others lik

6、e playing basketball.There are seven people in Running Man. One is a woman, and the others are men.三、復(fù)合不定代詞及用法1. 復(fù)合不定代詞的構(gòu)成：復(fù)合不定代詞是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing所組成的不定代詞。構(gòu)成部分body（人）one（人）thing（事或物）somesomebody某人someone某人something某事（物）anyanybody任何人anyone任何人anything任何事（物）nonobody沒(méi)有人no one沒(méi)有人

7、nothing沒(méi)有事（物）everyeverybody每個(gè)人everyone每個(gè)人everything每個(gè)事（物）注意：形容詞或else修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，形容詞或else要置于復(fù)合不定代詞之后。如：something important一些重要的事Theres nothing else in the fridge.冰箱里沒(méi)有其他的東西了。2. some-類(lèi)的復(fù)合不定代詞常用于肯定句或征求意見(jiàn)的疑問(wèn)句中；any-類(lèi)的復(fù)合不定代詞常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或條件句中。Someone wants to talk with you. 有人想和你說(shuō)話。Can I have something to drin

8、k, please? 請(qǐng)問(wèn)我可以喝點(diǎn)東西嗎？He doesnt want to do anything. 他不想做任何事情。3. any-類(lèi)的復(fù)合不定代詞與not連用，相當(dāng)于no-類(lèi)的復(fù)合不定代詞。There is not anything(= nothing) in that box. 那個(gè)盒子里沒(méi)有什么東西。4. no one可以用于回答who引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句，不能回答how many引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句。-Who knows the answer to the question? 誰(shuí)知道這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。-No one. 沒(méi)有人知道。5. every-類(lèi)的復(fù)合不定代詞與not連用，表示部分否定。Not

9、 everybody likes watching TV. 并非人人都喜歡看電視。Not everything is like what you said. 不是一切都像你說(shuō)的那樣。6. one類(lèi)和-body類(lèi)的復(fù)合不定代詞之后可以加上-s構(gòu)成所有格。He just found someones wallet.他剛剛發(fā)現(xiàn)別人的錢(qián)包。三點(diǎn)剖析一、重難點(diǎn)：1. 在否定句中not.any的意義相當(dāng)于no。如：There isnt any (= is no) water in the bottle.這個(gè)瓶子里一點(diǎn)水都沒(méi)有。2. some用于可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前，表示“某個(gè)”。Some careless ma

10、n has taken my umbrella.某個(gè)粗心大意的人拿走了我的雨傘。3. everyone意為“人人、每人”，只指人，不指物，其后不能跟of短語(yǔ)；every one意為“每個(gè)”，可以指人，也可以指物，后面可以跟of短語(yǔ)。與every搭配的不定代詞后，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。Everyone in the class passed the math exam.這次數(shù)學(xué)考試班上人人都及格了。Every one of us must study hard.我們中每一位都必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。二、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：1. 在征求意見(jiàn)的疑問(wèn)句中或希望得到肯定回答的疑問(wèn)句中，常用some.Would you like s

11、ome dessert? 你要吃些甜點(diǎn)嗎？2. both和all與not連用時(shí)表示部分否定，意為“并非.都.”。如：Both my parents are not doctors.并非我的父母都是醫(yī)生。3. each 表示“每一”，可以跟單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，也可以單獨(dú)使用。each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，可以用于兩者之間，可以用于三者或三者以上之間，可以和of連用。在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Each student can spend 10yuan.每個(gè)學(xué)生能花10元錢(qián)。Each of his children goes to a different school. 他的每個(gè)孩子都

12、在不同的學(xué)校讀書(shū)。題模精選題模一：一般不定代詞例1.1.1 選擇括號(hào)內(nèi)所給不定代詞填空。I have many apples. I can give you _. ( any, some )例1.1.2 用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。allneither1. -Can you speak Japanese or English? -_, I can only speak Chinese.2. There are forty pupils in Class Two. _ of them are Young Pioneers.題模二：復(fù)合不定代詞例1.2.1 _is in the classroo

13、m. They are all on the playground.A EverybodyB SomebodyC AnybodyD Nobody例1.2.2 Please be quiet. I have _ important to tell you.A somethingB anythingC nothingD everything隨堂練習(xí)隨練1.1 選用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。bothothereacheverybodya few1. The film is not interesting. _ people like it.2. I can lend you my new radi

14、o, but you mustnt lend it to _.3. Since _ is here, lets begin our meeting.4. My uncle and aunt are _ good at boating.5. The nurse gave the children two oranges _.隨練1.2 Bill has two daughters, and _of them are workers.A allB bothC everyD each隨練1.3 There are still _ apples here. We neednt go shopping

15、now.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little隨練1.4 I invited four teachers and _ can come. Thats great.A allB bothC anyD none隨練1.5 _ from your office phoned you. Here is the message.A SomebodyB NobodyC AnybodyD Everybody隨練1.6 Weve got two foreign teachers. One is from America, _is from Canada.A anotherB ot

16、herC the otherD others自我總結(jié)課后作業(yè)作業(yè)1 選擇括號(hào)內(nèi)所給不定代詞填空。1. Is there _ meat in the fridge? ( any, some )2. If you have _ questions, please ask me. (any, some )3. There is _ water in the bottle. I can drink it. ( little, a little )4. He has _ friends. He always stays at home. ( few, a few )5. Could you lend m

17、e _ money? ( some, any )6. _ of them is good at English. ( Both, Neither )7. My parents are _ doctors. ( all, both )8. The glass is broken. Give me _ one. ( the other, another )9. You can have one apple _, boys. ( every, each )10. The clock has three hands. One is short, _ two are long. ( the other,

18、 another )11. He is not busy. He has _ to do. ( something, nothing )12. Be quiet. I have _ important to tell you. ( something, anything )13. If you need an eraser, Ill lend you _. (some, one )14. Listen! _ is singing in the next room. ( Someone, Anyone )15. Would you like _ more rice?16. _ of us is

19、afraid of difficulties. ( None, No one )作業(yè)2 Im the only child in my family. I dont have _ brothers or sisters.A someB someoneC anyD anyone作業(yè)3 Come here, Lily. I want to show you_ interesting.A somethingB nothingC anythingD everything作業(yè)4 I dont like the color of this dress. Could you please show me_

20、one.A otherB othersC the otherD another作業(yè)5 There is _ water in the glass. Lets go and get some.A fewB muchC manyD little作業(yè)6 Can you speak Chinese, Peter?Yes, but only_.A fewB littleC a fewD a little作業(yè)7 _of my parents used to play tennis a few years ago.A BothB AllC EitherD Each作業(yè)8 Ive got two sister

21、s. One is a doctor, _ is a teacher.A otherB the otherC othersD another作業(yè)9 Mum, I want_ of these two dresses. Sorry. You can only buy one of them.A allB noneC someD both作業(yè)10 We couldnt have dinner in the hotel because_ of us had money with us.A noneB no oneC nothingD all作業(yè)11 Theres _ wrong with my ch

22、air. Can you mend it?No problem.A somethingB nothingC everythingD anything答案解析不定代詞題模精選題模一：一般不定代詞例1.1.1【答案】 some【解析】 考查了學(xué)生對(duì)不定代詞意義的掌握。句意：我有很多蘋(píng)果。我可以給你一些。陳述句，表示“一些”，故選some。例1.1.2【答案】 1. Neither2. All【解析】 考查學(xué)生對(duì)不定代詞意義的掌握。題模二：復(fù)合不定代詞例1.2.1【答案】D【解析】 考查了學(xué)生對(duì)不定代詞意義的掌握。由后句“他們都在操場(chǎng)上”可知，前句為“沒(méi)有人在教室”，故選D。例1.2.2【答案】A【解析】 考查了學(xué)生對(duì)不定代詞意義的掌握。根據(jù)句意，“請(qǐng)安靜”可知是有一些重要的事要說(shuō)。something“一些”，故選A。隨堂練習(xí)隨練1.1【答案】 1. Few2. others3. everybody4. both5. each【解析】 本題考查了學(xué)生對(duì)不定代詞意義的掌握。隨練1.2【答案】B【解析】 考查學(xué)生對(duì)不定代詞意義的掌握情況。無(wú)every of用法，先排除 C，each of 強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為單數(shù)；all通常指代三者個(gè)以上；根據(jù)題意只有both符合要求，指代的是“兩者都”，故選B。隨練1.3【答案】【解析】 根據(jù)apples及句意屬于肯定可知。隨練1.4【答案】A【