高等工程熱力學(xué)試卷和答案

1、1 True or false (20pts)1) Mass can cross the system boundary in the Open system .(T)2) Heat and work can not cross in the Closed system. (F)3) Intensive property is a property that is independent of the extent or mass of the system. (T)4) Heat exchangers are devices that transfer energy between flui

2、ds at different temperatures. (T)5) Heat engine can have a thermal efficiency of 100%.(F)6) Heat Engines are Devices that are used to convert heat to work. (T)7) The decrease in quality is always accompanied by an increase in entropy. (T)8) Reversible processes actually can occur in nature. F)9) Ene

3、rgy can be neither created or destroyed; it can only change forms.（T）10) Both Heat and Work are associated with a process and a state. (F)11) Once the temperature equality is established, the heat transfer stops. (T)12) The direction of heat transfer is always from the lower temperature body to the

4、higher temperature .body. (F)13) Work is not a property of a system or its surroundings. (T)14) Closed Feedwater Heaters require a separate pump for each heater.(F)15) The reheat process in general can significantly change the cycle efficiency. (T)2 Chosing a correct answer (30 pts)1) A thermodynami

5、c system generally has a boundary, this boundary （b）a) can be personally defined from your own interests b) can only be defined following certain rolesc) is depend on the physical boundaries d) is independent on the physical as well as personal wills2) A system is called a closed system when （c）a) t

6、here is only heat exchange between the system and its surroundingsb) there is only work interactions between the system and its surroundingsc) there are both heat exchange and work interactoins between the system and its surroundingsd) there are neither heat exchange nor work interactions between th

7、e system and its surroundings3) The specific internal energy, u, other than U, of a system is determined by the（c）of the systema) volume b) pressure c) temperature d) mass4) An example of internal property of a system is （c？）a) mass b) total volume c)pressure d) enthalpy5) A steady state process is

8、related to （a？）a) a closed system with invarible properties b) a control volume with its property changes c) an open system keeping its properties constant d) a closed system having its properties changed6) A good approximation for a stream flowing through a porous plug is （a）a) hin = hout b) Pin =

9、Pout c)Tin = Tout d) a and b e) b and c7) T= 0 is true （d）a) for an adiabatic process. b) if no work is done.c) for an isentropic process. d) for a reversible process.8) Characteristics of Heat Engines include （e）a) They receive heat from a high-temperature source.b) They convert part of this heat t

10、o work. c) They reject the remaining waste heat to low-temperature sink.d) They operate on a cycle. e) all of above 9) Quality （a）a) is defined by M /M + M ) liq liq vapb) is defined by v = x v + (1-x) v f gc) equals zero for a saturated vapor.d) is only defined in the two phase region.e) is the fra

11、ction of mass that is liquid.10) A good approximation for a stream flowing through a heat exchanger is （e？）a) h = h in out b) P = P in out c) T = T in outd) a and b e) b and c11) In an adiabatic process: （b）a) temperature cannot change. b) there is no heat flow.c) internal energy cannot change. d) a

12、 and b e) a, b and c12)Which of the following is an extensive property ? （b）a) temperature b) weight c) composition d) pressure e) none of the above 13) What is the efficiency of an ideal Carnot heat engine cycle operating between 38 C and 482 C ? （c）a) 90 % b) 89 % c) 59 % d) 16 % e) 11 % 14) Which

13、 of the following does not have units of energy? （d）a) N-m b) kw-hr c) Pa-m3 d) All have units of energy 15) Extensive properties （d）a) apply at a point.b) do not depend on the size of the system.c) depend on position within a system.d) are proportional to the mass of a system.e) are printed in the

14、tables in the back of your book.3 Provide definition for the following terms (10 pts)1) Internal energy: Internal energy is really the kinetic and potential energy of the atoms in the molecules.2) Heat: Energy crossing the system boundary, not associated with mass, due to a temperature difference.3)

15、 Work: Work is the energy transfer associated with a force acting through a distance.4) Closed system: No mass crosses the boundary. Heat and work can cross.5) Open system: Mass can cross the system boundary.4 Answering and calculations (40 pts)1) Feedwater Heater:Inlet 1 T1 = 200 C, p1 = 700 kPa, I

16、nlet 2 T2 = 40 C, p2 = 700 kPa, A2 = 25 cm2Exit sat. liquid, p3 = 700 kPa, Find Steady State Inlet 2: compressed liquid Table A-4,v2 = 0. m3/kgExit: saturated liquid Table A-5,v3 = 0. m3/kg = 54.15 40 = 14.15 kg/s 2) A rigid tank contains 10 kg of water at 90 C. If 8 kg of the water is in the liquid

17、 form and the rest is in the vapor form. Determine the pressure in the tank and the volume of the tank .Table A-4, Psat = 70.14 kPa, P = Psat = 70.14 kPa Table A-4, vf = 0. m3/kg, vg = 2.361 m3/kg v = vf + x(vg - vf) = 0. + 0.2(2.361 0.) = 0.473 m3/kgV = mv = 10(0.473) = 4.73 m33)Heat is transferred

18、 to a heat engine from a furnace at a rate of 80 MW. If the rate of waste heat rejection to a nearby river is 50 MW, determine the net power output and the thermal efficiency.4) A heat engine receives 600 kJ of heat from a high-temperature source at 1000 K during a cycle. It converts 150 kJ of this heat to work and rejects the remaining 450 kJ to a low-temperature sink at 300 K. Determine if this heat engine violates the 2nd law of thermodynamics on the basis of (a) the Clausius inequality.(b) the Carnot principle.(a) Clausius inequality = - 0.9 kJ/K