英語句子成分分析ppt課件

1、句子成分,定義 ：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主語和謂語 次要成分：表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語、同位語,1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday,主語,謂 語,定語,賓 語,同位語,狀 語,主語（subject）句子說明的人或事物,Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for h

2、ealth. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true,名詞） （代詞） （數(shù)詞） （不定式） （動(dòng)名詞） （名詞化的形容詞） （句子,找出句中主語,The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living in the shelter. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. He likes dancing. What he needs is a

3、 book. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree,名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動(dòng)名詞,不定式,句子,名詞化的形容詞,It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語,謂語說明主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征,簡(jiǎn)單謂語:由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 復(fù)合謂語 由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞; He can speak English well. She doesnt seem to like dancing,英語中按動(dòng)

4、詞后可否直接跟賓語，分成不及物動(dòng)詞與和及物動(dòng)詞。 及物動(dòng)詞(vt.) ： 及物動(dòng)詞后必須跟有動(dòng)作的對(duì)象（即賓語），并且可直接跟賓語。 如： He reached Paris . 不及物動(dòng)詞（vi. ）：不及物動(dòng)詞后不能 直接跟有動(dòng)作的對(duì)象（即賓語）。若要 跟賓語，必須先在其后加上某個(gè)介詞。 如: Look! She is singing. Look at me carefully,類似的還有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, s

5、ucceed,誤：deal a problem 正：deal with a problem 處理問題 誤：depend sb. 正：depend on sb. 依靠（依賴）某人 誤：insist doing sth. 正：insist on doing sth. 堅(jiān)持要做某事,易誤用作及物動(dòng)詞的9個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞,誤：knock the door 正：knock on at the door 敲門 誤：operate sb. 正：operate on sb. 為某人做手術(shù) 誤：participate sth. 正：participate in sth. 參加某事 誤：refer sth. 正：re

6、fer to sth. 查閱（參考)某物,誤：rely sb. / sth. 正：rely on sb. / sth. 依靠（依賴）某人 某物 誤：reply a letter 正：reply to a letter 回信,Show your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you

7、write down what he said,名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,名詞化的形容詞,三)賓語動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語,不定式,動(dòng)名詞,句子,賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語. He gave me some books,間接 賓語,直接 賓語,please pass me the book. He bought his girlfriend some flowers,常見跟雙賓語動(dòng)詞,可接雙賓語的38個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞 (1) 雙賓語易位時(shí)需借助介詞to的常用動(dòng)詞 award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 頒獎(jiǎng)給某人 bring sb. sth. = bring st

8、h. to sb. 把某物帶給某人 hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物遞給某人 lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借給某人 mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄給某人 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 將某物給某人 owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物,pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物遞給某人 pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付給某人某物（錢）

9、 post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄給某人 return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物還給某人 send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送給某人 sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物賣給某人 serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物給某人看 take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿給某人,2) 雙賓語

10、易位時(shí)需借助介詞for的常用動(dòng)詞 book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 為某人預(yù)定某物 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 為某人買某物 choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 為某人選某物 cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 為某人煮某物 fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 為某人去取某物,find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 為某人找到某物 fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb

11、. 為某人準(zhǔn)備某物 get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 為某人拿來某物 make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 為某人做某物 order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 為某人訂購某物 pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 為某人采摘某物 prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 為某人準(zhǔn)備某物 save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 為某人留某物 sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb.

12、為某人唱某物（歌） spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 為某人讓出某物 steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 為某人偷某物,四）表語,在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語 The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. Im not quite myself today. That remains a puzzle. I dont feel at ease,系動(dòng)詞,1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞（be動(dòng)詞） 例如： He is a teacher. 2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞 kee

13、p, remain, stay 例如： He always kept silent at the meeting. 他開會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。 3）表像系動(dòng)詞 seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起來很累,4）感官系動(dòng)詞 feel, smell, sound, taste 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布手感很軟。 5）變化系動(dòng)詞 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。

14、6）終止系動(dòng)詞 prove, turn out, 表達(dá)“證實(shí)”，“變成”之意 例如： The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實(shí)有假。 注意：系動(dòng)詞不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài),五）定語修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句,He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel factory. There are 54students in our class. Do you know bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. His spoken language is good,形容詞,名詞,數(shù)詞

15、,名詞的所有格,動(dòng)名詞,過去分詞,定語后置： 如果定語是由一個(gè)單詞表示時(shí)，通常要前置。而由一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)句子表示時(shí)，通常則后置 The girl in red is his sister. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now,六）狀語狀語的功用：狀語說明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等,I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was

16、 late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train,I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting,I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made

17、 himself known to them,六）賓語補(bǔ)足語有些及物動(dòng)詞除了有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語，說明賓語的身份和狀態(tài)以補(bǔ)充其意義不足，使句子的意義完整。這類常用的及物動(dòng)詞有 ： make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let,She asked me to lend her a hand,同位語 位于名詞或代詞后面，說明它們的性質(zhì)和情況,We young people should respect the old. He himself will do the experiment. He is the oldest among them four. He told me the news that our team won the game,名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,從句,1. I met my best friend Tom at the