英語(yǔ)句子成分ppt課件

1、句子成分,概念：組成句子的各個(gè)部分， 即主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)， 主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是句子的主體部分,主語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)講述的對(duì)象，表示所說(shuō)的“是什么”或“是誰(shuí)”。 一般由名詞、代詞、不定代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的單詞或 短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)，也有從句充當(dāng)?shù)默F(xiàn)象。 大多數(shù)主語(yǔ)都在句首,主語(yǔ)（subject）: 句子敘述的主體，一般位于句首,The sun rises in the east. （名詞） He likes dancing. （代詞） Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞) Seeing is believing. （動(dòng)名詞,講述“

2、誰(shuí)” We work in a big factory. 講述“什么” The classroom is very big. 數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ) Three are enough. 三個(gè)人就夠了 不定式作主語(yǔ) To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctors job. 從句作主語(yǔ) What we need is food. 我們最需要的是食物. 在“There be ”句型中，主語(yǔ)的位置在中間。 如： There are some bottles of milk in the box,在個(gè)別句型中，主語(yǔ)在整個(gè)句子后面，這時(shí)前面用it作形式主語(yǔ)。 如

3、： It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house,To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主語(yǔ)從句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree,形式主語(yǔ),真正主語(yǔ),It =that the elephant is round and tall

4、like a tree,The rich should help the poor,名詞化的形容詞,1.Do exercise is good for your health. 2.Eat too much meat is bad for your health,V.不能做主語(yǔ),指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞,The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. 介詞不能作主語(yǔ) There is an old man coming here,There is an apple on the table. An appl

5、e is there on the table,The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult,找出下面句子的主語(yǔ) 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. 3.Cleaning the house needs a lot of time,主語(yǔ)小測(cè),單選： 1.Mary with

6、 her two daughters _ going to Shanghai for Explo 2010 next month. A. are B. was C. is D. were 2._ more exercise does good to your health. A. Do B. Does C. Did D. Doing 3._ is impossible to finish this job before Wednesday. A. That B. This C. It D. They,謂語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么，做什么或怎么樣。 由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上必須保持一致。 謂語(yǔ)

7、動(dòng)詞存在多種時(shí)態(tài)，它是句子的核心,He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German,謂語(yǔ)（predicate）:是對(duì)主語(yǔ)加以陳述，表示主語(yǔ)的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語(yǔ)的后面,I love you! They went to sleep very late last night. He practises running every morning,The plane took off at 10 oclock. How often

8、do you go shopping? Why didnt you come back last night,簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成,You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cough. We are sudents. That idea sounds great,復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞+v 2.系動(dòng)詞+adj,Open the door, please! Go and get some water for me. Dont laugh at others! Dont come back late to

9、night. 祈使句： 1.省略主語(yǔ)you 2.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形,找出下列句子的謂語(yǔ),I dont like the picture on the wall. The days get longer and longer when summer comes. Do you usually go to school by bus? Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast,Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. We had better send for a doctor. He is interested

10、in music. Whom did you give my book to? 11. Put away your books right now,按要求找出下列句子的主謂： 1. Trees turn green when spring comes. （主謂） 2. He broke a piece of glass. （謂） 3. Dont get nervous，and help yourself to what you like （主謂） 4. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. （主謂）

11、5. There are many people in the hall.（主） 6. Would you please pass me the cup? （主謂,主謂小測(cè),祈使句,省略主語(yǔ)you,1.It is difficult for me _ so much work within one night. Can you help me? A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. finished 2.John with two of his friends _ to play basketball every Sunday afternoon. A.

12、 go B. went C. goes D.gone,單選,Its adj. for sb to do sth.做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是的,形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ),to finish,3._ up early, or you will miss the early bus. A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets 4._ up early is good for your health. A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets 5.Wow! The cake tastes _! Can I have one more? A. well B. delici

13、ously C. bad D. good,祈使句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形,動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ),感官動(dòng)詞+adj,表語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是說(shuō)明或怎么樣， 由名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)、句子等充當(dāng)。它的位置在系動(dòng)詞后面,形容詞作表語(yǔ) You look younger than before. 名詞作表語(yǔ) My father is a teacher. 副詞作表語(yǔ) Everyone is here. 介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ) They are at the theatre. 不定式作表語(yǔ) My job is to teach them English. 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ) Her job is training the

14、nurses. 從句作表語(yǔ) That is why he didnt come to school yesterday,賓語(yǔ):表示動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象， 由名詞、代詞、不定式、V-ing、從句充當(dāng)，和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么。它和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么，通常放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。有時(shí)，會(huì)有雙賓語(yǔ),如： 名詞作賓語(yǔ) He never forgives others for their mistakes. 代詞做賓語(yǔ) He often helps me. 不定式作賓語(yǔ) He likes to sleep in the open air. 動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ) The Americans enjoyed li

15、ving in China. 從句做賓語(yǔ) I believe that they can finish the work in time,直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面要跟賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)分直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象。但有些動(dòng)詞除了直接賓語(yǔ)外，還需要有一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)做的，所以只能用名詞或代詞來(lái)充當(dāng)。 如： We brought them some food. 主 謂 間賓 直賓 間接賓語(yǔ)可以放在直接賓語(yǔ)后面，但必須加to 或 for,賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 在英語(yǔ)的句子中有些句子里只有賓語(yǔ)并不能表達(dá)完整的意思，還必須在賓語(yǔ)后面加上賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意

16、思。我們把“賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”合起來(lái)稱為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的意思相當(dāng)于一個(gè)巨資的意思。名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞都可以作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),名詞作賓補(bǔ) If you let me go, Ill make you king. 形容詞作賓補(bǔ) Dont make your hands dirty. 副詞作賓補(bǔ) We found Li Ming out when we arrived. 介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ) Make yourself at home. 省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ) I saw a girl go into the building. 帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ) The

17、 boy ordered the dog to lie down. 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ) The boss kept them working all day. 過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ) Yesterday he got his leg broken,在英語(yǔ)中,常見(jiàn)的“賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)有： “賓語(yǔ)+名詞”。常用于改結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。 We call him Jack. They made Li Lei their monitor. “賓語(yǔ)+形容詞”。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有think, believe, leave, drive

18、, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。如： Do you think his idea wrong? We must keep our classroom clean. We cant leave him alone. Can you get everything ready for the party before Friday,賓語(yǔ)+副詞”。 副詞作賓補(bǔ)常表示賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主表關(guān)系。 常見(jiàn)的副詞有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。 如： Let him in/ out. Mr. Li d

19、rove us home. When got there, we found him out. “賓語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)”。 介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)常表示其邏輯主語(yǔ)（即賓語(yǔ)）所處的狀態(tài)， 兩者有主表的關(guān)系。 如： We found everything in good order. We regard him as our good friend. He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain,賓語(yǔ)+不定式”。充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的不定式有三種： A 要求帶to的不定式 The cool water of the lake invited us

20、to swim. B 要求不帶to 的不定式 let, make, see, hear, watch等 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. I often hear him read English in his room. C 單詞help 后可加 to 或不加 to She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework. “賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞”?，F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)， 此時(shí)在該句型中的賓語(yǔ)即為現(xiàn)在分詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，有著主謂關(guān)系。 I saw them playing on the playgroun

21、d. I heard Mary singing in the classroom. “賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”。賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。 I had my bike stolen. The teacher explained again and again to make himself understood,形式賓語(yǔ)形容詞 We found it impossible to get there before Saturday. 賓語(yǔ)+what 從句 Call me what you like. Mr. Li has made the factory what it is t

22、oday. The mountain village is different from what it was ten years ago,賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)賓表示行為的對(duì)象，放在及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞之后,I like China. He hates you. How many do you need? We need two We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you I hope to see you again. Did you write down what he said,He is afraid of her-hi

23、s headteacher. Under the snow, there are many rocks. 介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)：介賓 注意：人稱代詞要用賓格 I decided to go with _. A. he B. his C. her D.they E.she,He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 間接賓語(yǔ)(sb)+直接賓語(yǔ)(sth)： 雙賓,I think it hard to finish this difficult job before Sunday,形式賓語(yǔ),真正賓語(yǔ),My brother hasnt

24、 done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your job. How many new words did you learn last class,找出下列句子的賓語(yǔ),5.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? 6.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. 7.They made him moni

25、tor of the class. 8.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. 9.They think it impossible to get to the station in such a short time,定語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞。由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、從句充當(dāng)。 單詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語(yǔ)或句子作定語(yǔ)放在被修飾才之后,定語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等都可以充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。因?yàn)樗切揎椕~或代詞的，而名詞和代

26、詞可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，所以定語(yǔ)的位置很靈活，凡是有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語(yǔ),形容詞作定語(yǔ) The black bike is mine. 代詞作定語(yǔ) Whats your name? 名詞作定語(yǔ) They made some paper flowers. 介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ) The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One. 不定式作短語(yǔ) I have lots to eat and drink. 從句作定語(yǔ) The tall boy who is standing there is Peter,在英語(yǔ)中，并不是所有的定語(yǔ)都放在被修飾詞的

27、前面，有的是放在被修飾詞的后面，故稱“后置定語(yǔ)”。 修飾不定代詞 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody, anybody, nobody 的定語(yǔ)必須后置。如： Well go to have something English. If you dont know the answer, ask someone else. Do you have anything important to tell me? 介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置。如： Do you know the boy behind the tree?The s

28、tudents in the room are all my friends. I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right,動(dòng)詞的不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置What about something to drink? I have no time to travel to China is in Autumn or in Spring. 注 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，to 后面的動(dòng)詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)。如果時(shí)短語(yǔ)時(shí)，那么與動(dòng)詞搭配的介詞或副詞是不能少的。 Do you have any piece

29、 of music to listen to? nearby, below, downstairs等個(gè)別方位詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置。如： We are at the top of the hill. Can you see the village below? The people downstairs are listening to a talk now? They took the boy to the hospital nearby at once,狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。 一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、目的、方式、程度等等。 通常由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或句子充當(dāng)。 （若在

30、同一句子中出現(xiàn)多個(gè)不同狀語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的4個(gè)的順序?yàn)椋悍绞綘钫Z(yǔ)、目的狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。,狀語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。 它表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等， 一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式，從句或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)。 狀語(yǔ)一般放在句末，但有時(shí)也可以放在句首、句中。如： He did it carefully They missed me very much. Without his help, we couldnt work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. Whe

31、n I was young, I could swim well,副詞作狀語(yǔ)的位置： 放在句中修飾動(dòng)詞，通常是be動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前， 助動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之間，如usually,often，sometime，seldom，never，also，only，ever，still 放在句末修飾動(dòng)詞，如very much，a lot，quickly，fast，high，slowly 修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)反復(fù)在它們前面，如very good，so early 有的副詞在句子中位置靈活，如already，only，sometime 這些應(yīng)該都是要掌握的，是我們學(xué)校的英語(yǔ)老師總結(jié)的，在英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)書上作為語(yǔ)法精

32、講，我把一些例子刪去了，希望能夠幫到你,一).指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞(4分，4分鐘) Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom. Thereisanoldmancominghere. Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear. Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult,二).選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞(10分，10分鐘) Idontlikethepictureonthewall. A.dontB.likeC.p

33、ictureD.wall Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes. A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus? A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon. A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast? A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast Tomdid

34、ntdohishomeworkyesterday. A.TomB.didntC.doD.hishomework WhatIwanttotellyouisthis. A.wantB.totellC.youD.is Wehadbettersendforadoctor. A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor Heisinterestedinmusic. A.isB.interestedC.inD.music Whomdidyougivemybookto? A.giveB.didC.whomD.book,三)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)（10分，10分鐘） Mybrotherhasntdonehish

35、omework. ABCD PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish. ABCD Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation. ABCD Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass? ABCD Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou? ABCD Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill. ABCD Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass. ABCD Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft. ABCD Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool. ABCD TheydidntknowwhoFatherChristmasreallyis. ABCD,(四)挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)(5分，5分鐘) Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired. ABCD WhyisheworriedaboutJim? ABCD Theleaves