(完整版),新人教版八年級英語下冊知識點歸納,推薦文檔

1、新人教版八年級英語下冊知識點歸納unit 1whats the matter?重點短語:have a stomachachehave a coldlie downtake ones temperaturehave a fevergo to a doctor to ones surpriseagree to (do sth.)get into troublebe used totake risksrun out (of)cut offget out ofbe in control ofkeep on ( doing sth.）give up語言知識歸納：1. whats the matter (

2、with you)?此句用來詢問別人的病情。類似的句子還有：whats wrong with you?/ whats the trouble?matter 作動詞用，意為“要緊”“有關(guān)系”，主要用于疑問句和否定句。what does it matter?it doesnt matter.【例題】does itif we cant finish it today?a. mindb. mindsc. matterd. matters2. i have a sore throat.have “患病”，常用“have a /an+ 名詞”.have a coldhave a feverhave a s

3、ore backhave a stomachachehave a cough【例題】()-does he often havecold?-yes. he alsoa cough and a sore throat.a. a; hasb. /; hasc. a; haved. /; have 3.lie down and rest! 躺下休息lie down 躺下單詞詞義過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞lie說謊liedliedlyinglie躺，平放laylainlying4. thats probably why. 那可能就是原因。probably 意為“很可能，大概”，表示的可能性很大，是一種近乎肯

4、定的意思。5. hurt v. 使受傷；傷害；疼痛he hurt his leg when he fell. 他摔傷的時候傷了腿。my feelings were hurt when he didnt ask me to the party.他沒有請我參加聚會使我很傷心。6. the bus driver, 24-year-old wang ping.公交車司機，24 歲的王平24- year-old 是用連字符連接數(shù)字和名詞所構(gòu)成的一個形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“24 歲的”。（名詞必須用單數(shù)，常用在名詞前做定語）【例題】agirl named dongxinyi looked after her

5、disabled father.a. three-year-oldb. three-years-oldc. three years old7. expect vt. 期待；預(yù)期；期盼expect+名詞/代詞the old man is expecting his daughters visit.expect to do sth.i expect to get a birthday present from my dad.expect 的常見用法:八年級英語下冊知識點第14 頁 共 17 頁expect sb. to do sth.do you expect him to teach you e

6、nglish?expect +從句i expect that you will get there soon.【辨析】expect 與 look forward to兩者都有期待的意思 look forward to doing sth.im looking forward to seeing tom.8. but to his surprise.但是令他吃驚的是to ones surprise 表示“令人驚奇的是”，相當于“主語+be+surprised” to his surprise, he found the girl was bind.= he was surprised to fi

7、nd the girl was blind. 令他驚奇的是，他發(fā)現(xiàn)這個女孩是個盲人?！就卣埂縤n surprise 表示“驚奇的”，相當于副詞性短語，用來修飾動詞。the two girls looked at each other in surprise. 那兩個女孩驚奇地互相看著。be surprised at 表示“對感到驚訝”。we are very surprised at the news. 聽到這個消息，我們很詫異。surprising 表示“使人驚奇的”，作表語時，主語是事物。9. they dont want any trouble. 他們不想惹麻煩。 trouble 用作名

8、詞，意為“煩惱，困難，麻煩，疾病等”。his life is full of trouble. 他的生活充滿了煩惱。whats the trouble? 怎么了？ trouble 用作動詞，意為“麻煩，打擾”。im sorry to trouble you. 抱歉打擾你?！就卣埂颗c trouble 相關(guān)的短語in trouble 處于困境中g(shù)et into trouble 陷入困境have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難【例題】-how is your english study?-not bad. but ilearning english grammar.a.

9、 am interestedb. am good atc. have a little troubled. have no trouble10. 辨 析 used to do sth. 與 be used to sth. / doing sth.過去常常習(xí)慣于某事/做某事we used to draw pictures badly.you will get used to the weather here.in the end, i got used to doing hard work.11. 辨析 run out 與 run out of人+ run out ofthey have run

10、 out of the water.物+ run out (不可用于被動語態(tài)）the money is running out.【例題】選出能代替句中畫線部分的一項() yesterday i used up all the salt to cook dumplings. i need to buy some now.a. ate upb. run out ofc. ran ofd. ran out of12. make decisions = make a decision 作出決定decision 為 decide 的名詞形式make a decision to do sth. = dec

11、ide to do sth.13. be in control of管理；控制a teacher should be in control of his class.重點語法：情態(tài)動詞 should 的用法（1） should 后接動詞原形，變否定句在 should 后加 not, 變一般疑問句時將 should 提前。（2） should 常用于以下兩種情況： 提出建議you looked tired. you should lie down and rest. 表推測，意為“該，按理應(yīng)當”。wait a minute. i think he should come in a minute.

12、unit 2ill help to clean up the city parks.重點短語:clean upby oneselfcheer upput offgive output onused togive awaytake afterset upmake a differencecare for come up with語言知識歸納：1. give out 分發(fā)，發(fā)放【拓展】give 構(gòu)成的短語還有：give away 贈給，贈送give in 屈服，投降give up 放棄give off 發(fā)出（氣味、光、熱等） 2.come up with 提出，想出(1) 表示“想出或提出”，相當

13、于 think of i think she can come up with a good idea(2) come up with 還可表示 “趕上”,相當于 catch up with. we should study hard to come up with them【例題】() we musta plan to improve your math.a. pick upb. catch up withc. come up withd. make up3. iv run out of it. 我已經(jīng)把它用完了。run out of 表示 “用完，用光”，其主語一般是人。【拓展】run o

14、ut of 還可表示“從跑出來”。bill ran out of the room.bill 從房間里跑出來。run 構(gòu)成的短語還有run away 逃走run after 追趕run into difficulties 遇到困難【例題】() when your money, please come to me for some.a. runs out ofb. runs outc. is running out ofd. is run out4. i take after my mother.我長得像我媽媽。【辨析】take after 與 look liketake after 意為“長得

15、像，行為、性格等像”,尤其是像自己的長輩。the boy takes after his father. 這個男孩長得像他爸爸。look like 可以用于所有場合，既可指人也可指物，僅指外表看上去像。the man looks like our teacher. 這個男的看起來像我們的老師。the rainbow looks like a bridge.彩虹看上去像一座橋?！就卣埂縯ake 構(gòu)成的短語take uptake offtake placetake ones timetake care【例題】() -youve really beautiful blond hair.-thank

16、you. imy mother.a. look afterb. take afterc. take fromd. look for5. set up 創(chuàng)辦，建立set up 為副詞短語，與 start, establish 同義they ve set up a company. 他們創(chuàng)辦了一家公司。與 set 相關(guān)的短語還有：set out 動身，開始（做某事）set off 出發(fā)，引起，激發(fā)6. you helped to make it possible for me to have lucky. 對我來說，有了你的幫助，我才有可能擁有l(wèi)ucky.it 是形式賓語you made it p

17、ossible for me to catch up with others. 你讓我有可能趕上其他人?！纠}】() he foundhard to go to sleep with the light on.a. itb. thatc. hed. him7. lucky makes a big difference to my life.lucky 對我的生活產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。make a big difference 意為“對產(chǎn)生很大的影響”，difference 在此為“影響”的意思?！纠}】() the heavy snow didntthe international airline

18、s.a. pay attention tob. add toc. make a difference tod. keep to8. imagine v. 想象，假想；以為，認為imagine （v.想象） imagination（n.想象） imaginative (adj.富于想象力的） 9.help. out 幫克服困難，幫分擔工作the teacher often helps his students out. 那位老師經(jīng)常幫他的學(xué)生解決問題。10. be excited about. 對興奮im excited about the game of li na. 我對李娜的比賽感到興奮。

19、exciting 修飾物重點語法：動詞短語動詞短語主要有以下四種構(gòu)成形式：(1) 動詞+介詞這類動詞短語主要有：agree with, ask for, arrive at, hear of, look at, take after, listen to 等。這類動詞后的賓語無論是名詞還是代詞，都要放在介詞之后。im looking for my pen.dont laugh at the poor man. (2)動詞+副詞這類動詞短語有：find out, give out, look up, put on, turn on/off, wake up, work out 等。這類動詞后面的

20、賓語是名詞時，名詞可放在副詞前面或后面；賓語是代詞時，代詞只能放在副詞前面。please pick up the pen.= please pick the pen up. it took him two hours to work it out.(3) 動詞+名詞+介詞這類動詞短語有：have a look at, make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to 等。在這類動詞短語中，賓語都放在介詞之后。you should pay more attention to your pronunciation.

21、(4) 動詞+形容詞+介詞這類動詞短語有：be angry with, be busy with, be good for, be different from, be interested in, be good at 等?！纠}】(1) () when you dont know a word, you canin the dictionary.a. look it upb. set it upc. give it upd. pick it up(2) () we will have dinner at the restaurant, which is famousits sea food

22、.a. ofb. toc. ford.asunit 3could you please clean your room?take out the rubbishmake the bedall the timeborrow some moneyhelp with houseworkhang out with.a waste of timein order toas.as.take care ofin surprisedo the dishesas a result重點短語:語言知識歸納：1. work on 從事于；著手干the writer is working on a new book.

23、那位作家正在寫一本新書。she is going to work on her physics project. 她打算從事她的物理項目?！纠}】() the scientists areinventing some methods of producing electricity.a. working onb. working outc. working atd. working for2. at least 至少at least修飾時間、距離、長度等，以加強語氣。翻譯短語位 at most,意為“至多，最多”。he kept me waiting at least an hour. the

24、re were fifty people there at most.3. all the time 一直；總是things are changing all the time.事情一直在變化?！就卣埂縯ime 相關(guān)的短語on time 準時at the same time 同時in time 及時from time to time 偶爾the first time 第一次【例題】選出能代替句中劃線部分的一項。() i always go shopping on friday.a. all the timeb. all the samec.all alongd. all the way5. i

25、m just as tired as you are! 我和你一樣累。as.as 意為“和一樣”,表示同級比較。as.as 中間要用形容詞或副詞原級。this story is as interesting as that one. 這個故事和那個一樣有趣。否定式為 not as/so.as,意為“不如”。the garden is not so beautiful as you thought.【例題】() he speaks french well, but of course nota person born in france. a.as clear asb. clearer than

26、c. as clearly asd. the more clearly6. for one week, she did not do any housework and neither did i.一個星期，她不做家務(wù)，我也不做家務(wù)。so,neither 倒裝句型so + 助動詞/ be 動詞/ 情態(tài)動詞+ 主語neither + 助動詞/ be 動詞/ 情態(tài)動詞+ 主語這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)常用來說明前面所說的情況，后面某人（物）也是這樣。助動詞/ be 動詞/ 情態(tài)動詞在形式上與前句的謂語保持一致，而其單復(fù)形式由后句的主語決定。so 依附于肯定句，neither 依附于否定句。bill watched

27、 tv last night. so did ann. lily isnt a teacher. neither is mary.【例題】() -i never drink coffee.-.a. so do ib. so did ic. neither did id. neither do i7. 辨析 borrow 與 lendborrow sth. from sb. 向某人借（入）某物lend sth. to sb. / lend sb. sth. 把某物借給某人【注】borrow,lend 都是非延續(xù)性動詞，如果要表示“借多長時間”要用 keep?！纠}】() although you

28、 like the book, you may onlyit for two weeks.a. borrowb. keepc. lendd. stay8. spend v. 花費（金錢；時間）spend + 錢/時間 + on sth.在上花費時間或金錢spend + 時間 +( in) doing sth. 花時間做某事【例題】() yang fengevery saturday afternoon volunteering in an old peoples home.a. costsb. takesc. paysd. spends8. provide v. 提供；給予provide st

29、h.the restaurant provide the best vide sb. with sth.the parents provide the children with food and clothes. provide sth. for sb.the schools provide desks and chairs for the students.【例題】() to protect the environment, supermarkets dontfree plastic bags to shoppers.a. takeb. showc. provided

30、. carry10. depend on 依靠；依賴；相信depend on 為固定短語，不能用進行時態(tài)，也不可用被動語態(tài)as we know, good results depend on hard work.you cant depend on your parents forever.10. the earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.孩子越早學(xué)會獨立，對他們的將來就越好。the + 比較級.，the + 比較級.“越就越”the harder you work at your s

31、tudy, the better grades you will have.【例題】() -there was thick haze(霧霾) in our city this spring. what do you think of it？-i thinkcars we drive,pollution our city will have.a. the fewer; the fewerb. the fewer; the lessc. the more; the fewerd. the more; the less11. in order to 的用法(1) in order to 意為“為了”

32、，強調(diào)目的，后接動詞原形。in order to let the students hear him, he spoke loudly. we have to study hard in order to pass the exam.in order not to be late for school, she took a taxi.(2) 含 in order to 的句子可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橛?so that 或 in order that 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。she ran quickly in order to catch the bus.she ran quickly in order that

33、 she could catch the bus. she ran quickly so that she could catch the bus.12. as a result 的用法as a result 用于引出結(jié)果，常用于兩個句子之間，其中一個是另一個的結(jié)果，且前后用標點符號將兩個句子隔開，意為“結(jié)果是”。he didnt listen carefully. as a result, he couldnt work out the maths problem.【注】as a result of 的意思是“由于，因為”， 相當于 because of。peter was late as

34、a result of the heavy rain.= peter was late because of the heavy rain.【例題】() the boy studied hard., he passed the exam.a. ia factb. on timec. after alld. as a result重點短語:unit 4why dont you talk to your parents?look throughwork outget on withcut outcompare.within ones opiniona big dealso thatget into

35、 a fightcommunicate withnot.until.call sb. up instead of語言知識歸納：1. why dont you talk to your parents?why dont you do sth.= why not do sth. “為什么不?”【拓展】提出建議的句型what/how about doing sth.? 做某事怎么樣？shall we do sth.?我們做某事好嗎？youd better(not) do sth. 你最好（不）做某事。why dont you do sth.為什么不做某事呢？would you mind doing

36、sth.? 你介意做某事嗎？2. allow v. 允許，許可 allow sb. to do sth. “允許某人做某事“my parents allow me to play computer game on weekends. allow doing sth.“允許做某事”she doesnt allow smoking in her house. allow+名詞we cant allow such a thing.【例題】() do you often allowuntil 11:00 p.m.a. to stay upb. stay upc. staying upd. and st

37、ay up3. work out 產(chǎn)生效果，進展things worked out quite well for us. 對我們來說，事情進展很好。he worked out the maths problem. 他算出了這道數(shù)學(xué)題。can you work out the problem alone? 你一個人能把問題搞清楚嗎？4. communicate v. 交流信息；溝通i cant communicate with them at the moment. 此刻我無法同他們進行交流。communication n.交流people cant get on well with each

38、other without communication. 沒有交流，人們就無法相處得好?！纠}】選出能代替句中劃線部分的一項。()people choose to keep in touch with their friends by e-mail.a. writeb. readc.agreed. communicate5. argue vi. 爭論；爭吵argue with sb. 與某人爭論dont argue with your parents. 不要和你的父母爭論。argue 的名詞形式是 “argument”, have an argument with sb. 與某人辯論。alic

39、e hand an argument with her best friend.【例題】()i never arguemy parents.a. inb.toc.ford.with6. instead adv. 代替，頂替if you are busy, you may come another day instead.【辨析】instead 與 instead ofinstead副詞舍前取后，可單獨使用，位于句首或句末。instead of介詞短語舍后取前，后面常跟名詞，代詞及動詞 ing。he didnt answer. he asked his father instead. we ea

40、t rice instead of noodles.【例題】() what a nice day! we should go sightseeingwatching tv in the hotel.a. because ofb. instead ofc.together withd.out7. offer v. 提供；提出；建議 offer 做“提供”講時，可接雙賓語。offer sth. to sb.= offer sb. sth.向某人提供某物the waitress offered a cup of tea to the man.= the waitress offered the ma

41、n a cup of tea. offer 還有“提出，建議”的意思，其后接不定式，表示主動提出做某事。the old man offered to lend the boy some money.【例題】() the little boyhis seat to an old lady on the crowded bus.a. lentb. offeredc. tookd. brought8. and they are always comparing them with other children. compare 作動詞，意為“比較， 和相比”。 compare.with.把同相比較p

42、arents shouldnt always compare their children with others.父母們不該總是把自己的孩子同別人相比較。 compare.to. 把比作people often compare the life to a stage. 人們常把生活比作一個舞臺?！纠}】() my handwriting can not be comparedmy fathers.a. tob. withc. ond.for11. my cousin borrows my things without returning them. return 意為“歸還”，其后可接雙賓語

43、return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. dont forget to return me the keys. return 還有“返回”的意思，相當于 go back, 后接地點時需要介詞 to。he returned to shanghai a week ago.【例題】那本書你還給圖書館了嗎？did youthe bookthe library?() i dont know when we willhong kong.a. return backb. return toc. return back tod.return重點短語:unit 5 what we

44、re you doing when the rainstorm came?go offpick upfall asleepdie downmake ones wayin silencetake downat firstwait forin a messthe rest ofhave meaning tobasketball competitionas wellmake sure語言知識歸納：1. while 當?shù)臅r候作連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，在 while 引導(dǎo)的從句中，其謂語動詞只能是延續(xù)性動詞，強調(diào)主從句中的動作或狀態(tài)同時發(fā)生。while i was watching tv, someone

45、 knocked at the door. when 意為“當時”，動作有一前一后的意思。when i passed that room i heard someone singing.while 作連詞時也可理解為“然而”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。i like apples while my sister doesnt.【例題】() tom likes reading a newspaperhe is having breakfast.a. untilb.whilec.becaused.though()mary was talking on the phonesomeone knocked at th

46、e door.a.whileb.beforec.whend.after2. make sure 查明；確信 make sure of sth. make sure to do sth. make sure that + 從句【例題】() read your english paper again andthere is no mistake in it before you hand it in.a. make sureb.turn upc.come outd.look for3. i got to the bus stop but i still missed the bus.get 意為“

47、到達”時，是不及物動詞，后面跟地點名詞時，要加介詞to。how can i get to the nearest supermarket ?表示“到達”的三種形式： arrive 意為到達at + 小地點arrivein + 大地點 get to 后接地點名詞。he got to school at 7:00 this morning. reach 意為“到達”，是及物動詞，后面直接跟地點名詞。when did you reach america?【例題】() please write to me as soon as youyour school.a. get tob.reach toc.a

48、rrived.come() -when did your auntin shandong?-yesterday afternoon.a.reachb.getc.arrived.come4. people often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events inhistory.hear 動詞, 意為“聽說”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)為： hear sb. do sth.聽見某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth.聽見某人正在做某事 hear of/about sb. /sth. 聽說某人或某事

49、 hear from sb.收到某人的來信 hear + that 從句 聽說【例題】()tom likes toothers but he never writes to them.a. hearb.hear ofc.hear aboutd.hear from ()-when did youthe news?-just now.a.hear aboutb.hear fromc.heardd.hearing5. i played the song without any mistakes.without 介詞,意為“無；沒有”，其反義詞為 with,后接名詞、代詞或動詞ing。fish can

50、t live without water.he went to work without having breakfast.【例題】她沒敲門就進了房間。she entered the roomat the door.你不戴眼鏡能看得清東西嗎？can you see clearlyyour unit 6an old man tried to move the mountains.a little bitinstead oonce upon a timefall in loveget marriedas soon asinstead ofgive birth tobe born

51、o重點短語:語言知識歸納：2. try 的用法 try to do sth.盡力做某事he is trying to learn english. try doing sth.試著做某事you should try taking more exercise. try ones best盡力ill try my best to help him. try on試穿would you like to try this dress on?2. remind vt. 使想起，提醒 remind sb. of/about sth. 使某人想起某事 the song remind me o

52、f my childhood. remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事peter reminded her to attend the meeting on time.4. what do you think of .?你認為怎么樣？what do you think of .? = how do you like.?注：think 后接動名詞，like 后接帶 to 的不定式如：what do you think of going climbing tomorrow?=how do you like to go climbing tomorrow?你認為明天去爬山怎么樣？【

53、例題】() -do you think of the football match?-its perfect. its more exciting thanmatch that i have ever watched.a. how; any otherb. how; any othersc. what; any otherd. what; any others八年級英語下冊知識第點 27 頁 共 17 頁5. neither of you is wrong. 你們兩個都沒錯。neither 兩者都不；也不e.g. neither of the ideas is good. i like nei

54、ther subject.neither 作連詞，表示“既不也不”，連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞要遵循就近原則。e.g. neither you nor he is in this team. neither he nor i am a teacher.【例題】() -which do you prefer, a cd player or a walk man?-. i prefer a computer.a. bothb. eitherc. noned. neither5. unless 的用法unless 的意思是“除非，如果不”，相當于 if not,用來引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。主句同常用將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。e.g. you will miss the early bus unless you get up early.we wont go to the cinema tomorrow unless my mother does.【例題】()we cant be successfulwe keep working hard.a.ifb.unlessc.becaused.when6. so.that. 如此以至于so.that.可以轉(zhuǎn)化為簡單句，要用 too.to.或 not.enoughto.句型時，not 后要用原句中的形容詞或副詞的反