初中英語名詞練習(xí)題及詳解[共7頁]

1、名 詞判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)1、誤Please give me a paper.正Please give me a piece of paper.析不要認(rèn)為可以數(shù)的名詞就是可數(shù)名詞，這種原因是對(duì)英語中可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的概念與中文中的能數(shù)與不能數(shù)相混淆了，所以造成了這樣的錯(cuò)誤，因paper在英語中是屬于物質(zhì)名詞一類，是不可數(shù)名詞。而不可數(shù)名詞要表達(dá)數(shù)量時(shí)，要用與之相關(guān)的量詞來表達(dá)，如：two pieces of paper.2、誤Please give me two letter papers.正Please give me two pieces of letter paper.析paper作為紙講是不可數(shù)名

2、詞，而作為報(bào)紙、考卷、文章講時(shí)則是可數(shù)名詞，如：Each student should write a paper on what he has learnt.3、誤My glasses is broken.正My glasses are broken.4、誤I want to buy two shoes.正I want to buy two pairs of shoes.析英語中g(shù)lasses眼鏡，shoes鞋，trousers褲子等由兩部分組成的名詞一般要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果要表示一副眼鏡應(yīng)用a pair of glasses而這時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與量詞相一致。如：5、This pair of g

3、lasses is very good.誤May I borrow two radioes?正May I borrow two radios?析以o結(jié)尾的名詞大都是用加es來表示其復(fù)數(shù)形式，但如果o前面是一個(gè)元音字母或外來語時(shí)則只加s就可以了。這樣的詞有zoozoos,pianopianos.6、誤This is a Marys dictionary.正This is Marys dictionary.析如名詞前有指示代詞this, that, these those,及其他修飾詞our,some, every, which, 或所有格時(shí)，則不要再加冠詞。7、誤There are much p

4、eople in the garden.正There are many people in the garden.析可數(shù)名詞前應(yīng)用many, few, a few, a lot of 來修飾，而people是可數(shù)名詞，而且是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：The people are planting trees here.8、誤I want a few water.正I want a little water.析不可數(shù)名詞前可以用a little, little, a lot of, some來修飾，但不可用many,few來修飾。9、誤Thank you very much. Your family is

5、very kind to me.正Thank you very much. Your family are very kind to me.10、誤Toms and Marys family are waiting for us.正Toms and Marys families are waiting for us.11、誤Im sorry. I have to go. Toms families are waiting for me.正Im sorry. I have to go. Toms family are waiting for me.析集合名詞如果指某個(gè)集合的整體，則應(yīng)視為單數(shù)，如

6、指某個(gè)集合體中的個(gè)體則應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù)。如:My family is a big family. When I came in, Toms family were watching TV. 即湯姆一家人正在看電視。這樣的集合名詞有：family class, team等。12、誤Dont eat too much meats.正Dont eat too much meat.13、誤Food in that restaurant is very good.正The food in that restaurant is very good.析物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，在使用中不可以加s，即它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。也

7、不可加不定冠詞。但如果用于特指某一物質(zhì)時(shí)可以加定冠詞。如：I dont like drinking coffee, but the coffee in that cup is really good.14、誤Please give me two waters.正Please give me two glasses of water.正Please give me two coffees.析物質(zhì)名詞如要加計(jì)量時(shí)，一定要加量詞，如：two cups of tea,two glasses of water,a glass of milk,a loaf of bread, a piece of bre

8、ad,a box of sugar,a bowl of rice,a bottle of orange,a bag of earth例： Ill tell you a piece of good news.但只有coffee可以用coffees來取代many cups of coffee.15、誤Can you give me the newspaper of today?正Can you give me todays newspaper?析加s構(gòu)成所有格的名詞一般應(yīng)指有生命的人或物。如：Marys hair，但在英文的習(xí)慣用法中對(duì)時(shí)間、距離等名詞的所有格多用s來構(gòu)成而不用of結(jié)構(gòu)。如：a f

9、ive minutes walk.16、誤Please make a room for the lady in the school bus.正Please make room for the lady in the school bus.析英語中更多的名詞是含有多種用法和多種含意的，如： room為可數(shù)名詞時(shí)為“房間”，如：I live in Room 5.而room為抽象名詞時(shí)為空間上面一句話應(yīng)譯為“請(qǐng)給老婦人在校車上留個(gè)地方?！边@樣的詞還有：glass 玻璃glasses 眼鏡stone 石頭a stone 一塊石頭time 時(shí)間two times 兩次wood 木頭woods 樹林17

10、、誤There is a flowers garden behind my house.正There is a flower garden behind my house.析名詞除了在句中作主語、賓語、表語外，還可以用來修飾另一個(gè)名詞，這時(shí)作修飾詞的名詞一般要用單數(shù)形式，如：shoe factory (鞋廠),post office(郵局),evening paper (晚報(bào)),night school (夜校),head master (校長),a law school (法律學(xué)院)。但也有例外，如:a goods train(貨車),sports meeting (運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì))。18、誤My

11、mother bought two fishes for supper this morning.正My mother bought two fish for supper this morning.析英語中有些名詞單復(fù)同形，如：fish, deer, sheep, Chinese (中國人), means (方法)。所以應(yīng)講one fish, two fish, one Chinese, two Chinese. 如果講There are five fishes in the pool.應(yīng)譯為池中有五種魚而不是五條魚。19、誤Mary expressed her thank to her b

12、oy friend.正Mary expressed her thanks to her boy friend.析英語中有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如： thanks, greens， 而有些詞單數(shù)形式與復(fù)數(shù)形式有不同的詞意。如:clothes 為衣服，而cloth則是布， sand沙子，而sands是沙灘。20、誤I offered my son my congratulation on his success.正I offered my son my congratulations on his success.析英語中表示祝賀的詞雖有單數(shù)形式，但一般要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。如握手為shake hands

13、.21、誤We have five German in this meeting.正We have five Germans in this meeting.析英國人Englishman的復(fù)數(shù)形式為Englishmen，而German 則要加s，因?yàn)樗皇怯蓢cman的組合詞。22、誤There are two As in this word.正There are two As in this word.析在大寫字母縮寫形式的復(fù)數(shù)表達(dá)法中應(yīng)加s，但如字母是A、I時(shí)，為了防止與As和Is相混，則要用s即As，Is23、誤There are three 6s and two 3s in my t

14、elephone number.正There are three 6s and two 3s in my telephone number.析在小寫字母與數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)形式表達(dá)法中要用s24、誤We have many woman teachers in our school.正We have many women teachers in our school.析一般組合名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)只將詞中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)如：half brotherhalf brothers(同父異母或同母異父的兄弟)daughter in lawdaughtersin law,(兒媳)但要注意的是：man drivermen

15、 drivers(男司機(jī)) woman doctorwomen doctors(女大夫)grown upgrown ups(成年人) 但是boy student則變?yōu)閎oy students25、誤Physics are very difficult to learn.正Physics is very difficult to learn.析雖以s結(jié)尾但只能用作單數(shù)名詞有：科學(xué)，學(xué)科名字：Physics. Mathematics politics游戲名稱：bowls 專有名稱：Niagara Falls(尼亞加拉瀑布) 其他名詞：news(消息，新聞)26、誤There is a people

16、 in the room.正There is a person in the room.正There is a man in the room.析people是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，不可用作單數(shù)，如要用來講一個(gè)人時(shí)應(yīng)用a person, a man, a woman。同樣的詞有police.要講一個(gè)警察時(shí)則要用a policeman, a policewoman。27、誤Where is my shoe?正Where are my shoes?析常常只用作復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞有trousers, pants, shorts(短褲)，socks(襪子),shoes, gloves(手套)。但如果只找其中的一個(gè)則要指

17、明，這時(shí)還是應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如：Wheres my left glove?(我左手的手套在哪?)28、誤I paid five pennies for the sweet.正I paid five pence for the sweet.析英語中便士有兩個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)形式pence用來表達(dá)一定數(shù)量的錢。而pennies是指一個(gè)個(gè)的硬幣，如：I want to change this note for pennies.我想把這紙幣換成硬幣。(即一便士一個(gè)的硬幣)。29、誤There are many fruit in the shop.正There are many fruits in the shop.

18、析物質(zhì)名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，但是用來表示種類時(shí)則可以用作可數(shù)名詞，這里應(yīng)譯為各種各樣的水果。30、誤There is a new car. It is Jones and Marys.正There is a new car. It is Jone and Marys.析有生命名詞的所有格，如果是單數(shù)名詞則加s如：Marys car.如果是以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞則只在s后面加如：teachers offices.如果是復(fù)數(shù)名詞但不是以s結(jié)尾，則只加s，如：childrens palace 組合名詞的所有格是在最后一個(gè)詞尾加s如：girl friend girl friends someone elses

19、omeone elses a week or threea week or threes如名詞后有同位語時(shí)，則應(yīng)加在同位語的詞尾上，如：It is my girl friend, Marys car.要注意的是當(dāng)兩個(gè)名詞并列時(shí)，如表示歸兩人共同所有，則在最后一個(gè)名詞后面加s，如果表示分別所有則在兩個(gè)名詞后分別加s，如：This is Mary and Jones home.即Mary與Jone是一家人。這是他們共同的家。而These are Marys and Jones homes.則應(yīng)譯為這里是Mary的家與Jone 的家。31、誤It is really beautiful. It is

20、 a work of nature.正It is really beautiful. It is a Natures work.析無生命名詞的所有格應(yīng)用of結(jié)構(gòu)。但是s形式的所有格可用于以下無生命的名詞：表示時(shí)間的詞：todays newspaper, a twenty minutes walk, an hours, rest 表示長度的詞：three metres distance, a boats length， twenty miles journey 表示重量的名詞：two pounds weight價(jià)格名詞：two dollarsworth擬人化的名詞：Natures work, n

21、atures lesson(大自然的教訓(xùn))及國家、機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、城市等機(jī)構(gòu)性名詞：the universitys library32、誤He is an old friend of my father.正He is an old friend of my fathers.析這是英語中的一種習(xí)慣用法而不要根據(jù)語法去推理。如：This pen is Toms.33、誤My father is a good cooker.正My father is a good cook.析一般動(dòng)詞加上er后則轉(zhuǎn)意為執(zhí)行該動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，如:teach(教)teacher(老師),think(想)thinker(思想家

22、),drive(開車)driver(司機(jī)),sell(賣)seller(賣物者)但不能總是以此類推，比如cook是動(dòng)詞“做飯”。而cook也可作為名詞“廚師”講，而cooker則為廚具，餐具，即鍋、碗、勺等做飯用具。34、誤The young is dancing there.正The young are dancing there.析英文中用定冠詞加上形容詞表示一類人時(shí)應(yīng)按復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：the rich 富人，the poor(窮人),the wise 聰明人，但如果用定冠詞加形容詞來表示事物則要用作單數(shù)名詞，如：The beautiful is still here.美麗的風(fēng)景依舊。35、

23、誤The stories of the book was written many years ago.正The stories of the book were written many years ago.析這句話的真正主語應(yīng)是stories，所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。36、誤This is one of the EnglishChinese dictionary.正This is one of the EnglishChinese dictionaries.析one of意為“之一”，of后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。37、誤Lets go to uncle Wang for supper.正Le

24、ts go to uncle Wangs for supper.析uncle Wangs 意為“王叔叔家”，doctors意為“醫(yī)院或私人診所”。38、誤I think we will make a friend with each other.正I think we will make friends with each other.析make friends 為習(xí)慣用法，即交朋友。39、誤I want to tell you much pieces of good news.正I want to tell you many pieces of good news.析news為不可數(shù)名詞，但

25、加了量詞之后則要用many來修飾量詞，因量詞是可數(shù)名詞，或可以說I want to tell you some good news.因some 即可用在可數(shù)名詞前，也可用在不可數(shù)名詞前作形容詞，如：I want to tell you some pieces of good news.40、誤The teacher with five students are coming here.正The teacher with five students is coming here.析要注意由with引出的介詞短語不是本句的主語，這與連詞and有很大的區(qū)別，如：The teacher and fiv

26、e students are coming here. 這里由介詞引出的短語僅僅是teacher的修飾語。41、誤There are a lot of information here, but we dont need them.正There is a lot of information here, but we dont need it.析information為不可數(shù)名詞，而用作代替它的詞要用it而不能用them.42、誤Many a student make the same mistake in the exam.正Many a student makes the same mis

27、take in the exam.析many a 加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，作主語時(shí)其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，但其意為許多學(xué)生。43、誤The children wear very good cloth to go to school today.正The children wear very good clothes to go to school today.析英文中cloth,clothes,clothing是易混之詞：cloth是物質(zhì)名詞，意為“布”，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，而clothing是指衣物的總稱，也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。clothes是指衣服，但沒有單數(shù)形式，如：This clothing is nee

28、ded in warm countries. Her clothes are made of fine cloth.英文中的dress則指較正規(guī)的服裝，如：a school dress 校服，an evening dress晚禮服。44、誤I like to study the English.正I like to study English.析作為一種學(xué)科名詞前不要用冠詞，而作為某一特指學(xué)科則要加冠詞，如：I like to study history. I like to study the history of America.45、誤The Browns is going to vis

29、it China.正The Browns are going to visit China.析定冠詞加姓加s，則意為“Brown先生一家人”。所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。此句應(yīng)譯為：Brown先生一家將要訪問中國。(三) 例題解析1. Lucy and Lilyin the same class.A. am B. is C. are D. be 答案C.析由and連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)應(yīng)按復(fù)數(shù)名詞來搭配謂語動(dòng)詞。 2. Which is the to the bus stop， please?A road B way C street D address 答案B.析這是考察同意詞辨析，road是指

30、較寬闊的大道，意為“鄉(xiāng)間公路”，而street意為道路兩邊的建筑物較高，可視為街道之意，而way則多為要到達(dá)某地所要經(jīng)過的途徑，還可引深為方式、方法。而address則為“地址”。如：There is a car running along the country road. I live at 105 Park street. Can you show me the way to the National Museum? 3. Hurry up!There is time left.A little B a little C few D a few 答案A.析因time作為時(shí)間講為不可數(shù)名詞

31、，所以不可用few，a few來修飾。另外，英文的表達(dá)法與中文不同，中文講，快點(diǎn)，時(shí)間不多了，而英文要講，快點(diǎn)，沒時(shí)間了。因此，要用little而不用a little. 4. How many can you see in the picture?A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato 答案B.析用How many提問時(shí)，其名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，而tomato的復(fù)數(shù)要加es. 5. is the meat. Please?Ten yuan a kilo.A How much B How many C How old D How long 答案A.析由對(duì)

32、話的答語可看出其問句問的是價(jià)格。錢數(shù)作為整體、價(jià)格講時(shí)，不論其值是多少都是不可數(shù)名詞，要用how much 提問。 6 The boys name is James Allen Green. So his given name is.A James Allen B Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green答案A.析英文的習(xí)慣與中文不同，中文是姓在前名字在后，而英文則是姓在最后，其第一個(gè)名字是由父母所起的，中間的名字可能是父母、教父所起的，但都可稱作given name,而姓在英文中是family name. 7 Shanghai is one of the biggestin our country.A city B citys C citys D cities答案D.析復(fù)音字母以y結(jié)尾的單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式要把y變成i再加es。one of 加名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。 8 Would you pleas