11第十一章-狀語從句PPT課件

1、1,第十一講 Adverbial Clauses 狀語從句,一、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)： 1. 英語狀語從句的翻譯 2. 漢語狀語結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯 二、教學(xué)內(nèi)容： 1. 英語狀語從句的翻譯 2. 漢語類似結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯,2,副詞性從句,英語的副詞性從句（狀語從句）分為九種類型： 時間狀語從句，地點(diǎn)狀語從句，原因狀語從句，目的狀語從句，結(jié)果狀語從句，條件狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，比較狀語從句，方式狀語從句,3,英語的狀語從句譯成漢語時，其在漢語譯文中的位置可以靈活處理，既可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，有時還可以插在句子中間，它的位置沒有定勢，主要是看能不能使譯文讀起來比較流暢,4,Adverbial Clauses in

2、 English-Chinese Translation 英語狀語從句的翻譯,1、Adverbial Clause of Time 1) Translating into Corresponding Chinese Adverbial Clauses While she spoke, the tears were running down. 她說話時，淚水直流。 He had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read it. 他把信一交給我，就叫我念給他聽。 2) Translating into Chinese Compou

3、nd Sentences of Parallel Structure She sang as she prepared the experiment。 她一邊唱著歌，一邊準(zhǔn)備實(shí)驗(yàn),5,Adverbial Clauses in English-Chinese Translation 英語狀語從句的翻譯,3) Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Condition Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. 如果機(jī)器發(fā)生散障，就把電門關(guān)上。 A body at

4、rest will not move till a force is exerted on it. 若無外力的作用，靜止的物體則不會移動,6,Adverbial Clauses in English-Chinese Translation 英語狀語從句的翻譯,2、Adverbial Clause of Place Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions. 在有疑問的地方做個記號. The materials are excellent for use where the value of the workpieces is not

5、high. 如果零件價值不高，使用這些材料是最好不過的了,7,Adverbial Clauses in English-Chinese Translation 英語狀語從句的翻譯,3、Adverbial Clause of Cause 1) Translating into Corresponding Chinese Clause of Cause The crops failed because the season was dry. 因?yàn)闅夂蚋稍?，作物歉收?2) Translating into Chinese Principal Clauses Because he was convi

6、nced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion. 他深信這件事正確可靠，因此堅持己見。 Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft. 純鐵太軟，所以不用在工業(yè)上,8,4、Adverbial Clause of Condition 1) Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clause of Condition, or Clauses of Supposition If something has the ability t

7、o adjust itself to the environment, we say it has intelligence. 如果某物具有適應(yīng)環(huán)境的能力，我們就說它具有智力。 Should there be an urgent situation, press the red button to switch off the electricity. 萬一有緊急情況，請按紅色按鈕以切斷電源。 2) Translating into Chinese Supplement Clauses You can drive tonight if you are ready. 你今晚就可以出車，如果你愿意

8、的話,9,Adverbial Clauses in English-Chinese Translation 英語狀語從句的翻譯,5、Adverbial Clause of Concession 1) Translating into Corresponding Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Concession While this is true of some，it is not true of all. 雖然有一部分是真的，但不見得全部都如此。 2) Translating into Chinese “Unconditional” Clauses Such a

9、s “不管”、 “不論”, etc. He got the same result whichever way he did the experiment. 不論用什么方法做實(shí)驗(yàn)，他所得到的結(jié)果都相同,10,Adverbial Clauses in English-Chinese Translation 英語狀語從句的翻譯,6、Adverbial Clauses of Purpose We should start early so that we might get there before noon. 為了正午以前趕到那里，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)早點(diǎn)動身。(我們應(yīng)當(dāng)早點(diǎn)動身，以便能在正午之前趕到那里。)

10、 Steel parts are usually covered with grease for fear that they should rust. 鋼制零件通常涂上潤滑脂，以防生銹。(為了防銹，鋼制零件通常需涂上潤滑脂。,11,3. 某些特殊狀語從句的譯法,一是由that引導(dǎo)的某些狀語從句： A bad book is the worse that it cannot repent. 一本壞書因?yàn)闊o法消除其影響，所以更加有害。（注：“the形容詞或副詞比較級that clause”引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表示原因。,12,The veins are different from the arter

11、ies in that the former bring blood back to the heart. 靜脈與動脈的區(qū)別在于前者將血液導(dǎo)回心臟。 It is not that I am unwilling to go with you, but that Im busy now. 不是因?yàn)槲也辉敢飧阋黄鹑?，而是因?yàn)槲椰F(xiàn)在很忙。 Ships were built, and kept thoroughly efficient, so much so that the country remained safe for very many years. 兵艦造出來了，而且發(fā)揮了充分的作用，這個

12、國家從此得以多年太平無事,13,The act was the bolder that he stood utterly alone. （因?yàn)椋┻@完全是他一個人干的，所以這一行為更堪稱大膽。 我能理解他的觀點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槲易约阂灿羞^類似的處境。(in that) I could understand his point of view, in that Id been in a similar position,14,不是因?yàn)槲也幌矚g這個工作，而是因?yàn)槲椰F(xiàn)在很忙。(not that) Not that I dislike the work, but I have no time for it. 他非

13、常無知，甚至連自己的名字都不認(rèn)識。(so much so that) He is ignorant so much so that he cannot read his own name,15,二是由before引起的狀語從句： 連詞before詞義單一，只表示“在之前”，但是由于漢英表達(dá)習(xí)慣的不同，譯成漢語時多種多樣。 It seemed a long time before my turn came. 似乎過了好大一會兒才輪到了我。 Study hard before it is too late. 趁早努力學(xué)習(xí),16,We had barely sat down before we he

14、ard bicycles outside. 我們剛坐下就聽到外面有自行車的聲音。 We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain. 我們剛離開學(xué)校就下雨了。 The boy fell down from the ladder before he knew it. 那個男孩不知怎么就從梯子上摔了下來。 They had not been married a month before they quarreled. 結(jié)婚未滿月，夫妻已反目,17,3翻譯狀語從句時有較大的靈活性。有些狀語從句，在不違背原文意思的前提下，也可以譯成其他成分

15、乃至獨(dú)立的句子。 She will never accept any dictates, no matter where they come from. 她決不會接受無論來自哪一方面的任何霸道行徑。 （狀語從句被譯成了定語,18,A writer needs to be a Walt Whitman if his faults of technique are to be rated unimportant beside the vigor of his personality. 一個作家必須有沃爾特惠特曼那樣的天才，才能以其磅礴的氣魄，使人感到他在技巧方面的缺陷是無關(guān)緊要的,19,Adver

16、bial Clauses in Chinese Complex Sentences 漢語復(fù)句中的狀語分句,1、Discerning Subordination 她不老實(shí), 我不能信任她。 Since she is not honest，I cannot trust her. 人不犯我，我不犯人。 We wont attack others unless we are attacked. 打腫臉充胖子，吃虧是自己。 If you get beyond your depth, youll suffer. 種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆。 As you sow, so will you reap. 不到黃河心不

17、死。 Until all is over, ambition never dies,20,Translation of Similar Structure in Chinese 漢語類似結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯,2、Using Inanimate Subjects 一看到那棵太樹，我就會想起童年的情景。 The sight of the big tree always reminds me of my childhood. 憑良心講，你待我禮貌有加，我卻受之有愧 My conscience told me that I deserved no extraordinary politeness. 小梅心地善良

18、，性情溫和，對她朋友這種沒有心肝的行為實(shí)在看不順眼。 Xiaomeis kindly and gentle nature could not but revolt at her friends callous behavior,21,Practice: When Zhou Enlai s door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful. 活到老, 學(xué)到老。 One i

19、s never too old to learn. 不人虎穴，焉得虎子。 How can you catch tiger cubs without entering the tigers lair? 留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒。 While there is life, there is hope. (So long as the green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of fire wood.) 以其人之道，還治其人之身。 Deal with a man as he. deals with you. (Pay sb. back in

20、 his own coin.,22,Practice: I hope this concession of ours will set the ball rolling. Sometimes, walking the street at night, Ive been so desperate that Ive made up my mind to win the horse or lose the saddle. Why are you rushing around like a chicken with its head cut off? He gets up very early and

21、 sits up very late and is burning the candle at both ends. Id love to go out to lunch, but you know Im living on a shoestring. The competing interest groups confront each other with a show of passion and drama, sometimes over inconsequential matters or over a mere linguistic difference. During the w

22、ar, he was an embryo surgeon, and joined the mobile medial team. Application of laser in medicine is still in its infancy. I was not one to let my heart rule my head. His success in this field has pushed his forerunners point into the background,23,A nice enough young fellow, you understand, nothing

23、 upstairs. There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology. The murder was foul and unnatural and for a long time even Gryce, veteran solver of police mysteries, was confounded by the simplicity of the crime. The gap between industrialized and developing countries, or between rich and poor continents is going to widen. Underdevelopment is still winning the battle. Bitterness f