賓語從句(要決：語序正常時(shí)態(tài)一致)

1、賓語從句 (要決：語序正常，時(shí)態(tài)一致)一、明確三種類型 賓語從句根據(jù)其引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類型： 1. 由連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如：He said (that) it was Sunday yesterday. 2. 由連詞if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如：Could you tell me if /whether there will be a test next week? 3. 由 which, when等連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如：I dont know how I can get there. 二、 理順轉(zhuǎn)換步驟把兩個(gè)單句組成含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句時(shí)，合并變化應(yīng)

2、遵循以下四大要素：1. 確定引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）根據(jù)從句的句子類型選擇正確的引導(dǎo)詞。若從句為陳述句，則引導(dǎo)詞為that(that在口語中常省略)；若從句是一般疑問句、選擇疑問句或反意疑問句，則引導(dǎo)詞為if或whether；若從句是特殊疑問句，則引導(dǎo)詞由疑問詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的疑問代詞/副詞。2. 調(diào)整語序賓語從句永遠(yuǎn)是陳述句語序。若原句是疑問句式，則應(yīng)將它調(diào)整為陳述句語序。(追蹤練習(xí))1) Is he going to the shop? I want to know. (改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句) 2) When does he get up? Do you know? (改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句) 3.

3、變換時(shí)態(tài)A. 若主句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，賓語從句可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況選用所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)。 1) He says (that) he will finish the work tomorrow. 2) I think (that) they have already gone to Beijing. B. 若主句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，則賓語從句動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)用過去時(shí)的某種形式(時(shí)態(tài)變化規(guī)律：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)。) (追蹤練習(xí))1) “Are you leaving for Sha

4、nghai soon?” She asked him.2) “What did you do last night?” I asked Mary.4. 變化人稱 (要訣為：一從主，二從賓，三不變)賓語從句的句子的主語如果是第一人稱，則隨主句的主語變（主句主語是第幾人稱，則賓語從句的主語變?yōu)榈趲兹朔Q）；如果是第二人稱，則隨主句的賓語變（主句賓語是第幾人稱，則賓語從句的主語變?yōu)榈趲兹朔Q）；如果是第三人稱，則不要變（賓語從句的主語仍用第三人稱）。(追蹤練習(xí))1) Shall I go there? He asked me. (改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句)2) Will you go there? He

5、asked me. (改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句) 3) Will she go there too? He asked me. (改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句)三、 加強(qiáng)三點(diǎn)注意 1. 時(shí)態(tài)不變當(dāng)賓語從句的內(nèi)容是客觀事實(shí)或科學(xué)真理等時(shí)，不論主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。(追蹤練習(xí))1) “The earth goes around the sun.” The teacher said to the students. (改為賓語從句)2) “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” My father told me. (改為賓語從句)

6、2. “兩副面孔”if和when等既能引導(dǎo)賓語從句，又能引導(dǎo)狀語從句。若引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，它們的時(shí)態(tài)常用一般將來時(shí)；若引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句，它們的時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (主將從現(xiàn))。 (追蹤練習(xí)) 1) I dont know if/when he _ tomorrow. (come) (_從句) 2) If/When he _, hell tell you about it. (come) (_從句) 3. 從句的簡(jiǎn)化A. 當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞為hope, wish, decide, choose, agree等，且主句與從句主語相同時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu), 如decide to do sth.。

7、B. 當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞為hear, see, watch等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句常簡(jiǎn)化為如see sb. do sth./doing sth. C. 在連接代/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語相一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“wh- + to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)。(追蹤練習(xí))1) He agreed that he could help me with my English.2) I heard that some children were singing some songs.3) I dont know what I should do. 幾點(diǎn)注意：1 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞might/should/c

8、ould/would/must不需變化。2 時(shí)間狀語與部分詞語的變化：now then, today that day, yesterday the day beforelast week the week before , tomorrow the next day, the following day,next year the next year, here there, this that, these those, come go, bring take.3 Could you please tell me只是一種禮貌用法，并非過去時(shí)，賓語從句無需變換時(shí)態(tài)。-Could you te

9、ll me what he does? - He is an engineer.4 疑問詞作賓語從句主語時(shí)，無需考慮語序問題。I dont know what happened to him?Do you know what is wrong/the matter with him?Can you tell me who will give us a talk?5 巧記句型變化： 直接引語間接引語轉(zhuǎn)述陳述句用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句轉(zhuǎn)述一般疑問句用if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 (從句用陳述句語序)轉(zhuǎn)述特殊疑問句用原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 (從句用陳述句語序)轉(zhuǎn)述祁使句用句型tell/

10、ask sb. (not) to do sth.(鞏固練習(xí)) 將下列直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語。 變化四要素：人稱(一從主，二從賓，三不變)，引導(dǎo)詞，時(shí)態(tài)，語序。 一祁使句系列 (不用考慮引導(dǎo)詞，said to sb. _ told/asked sb. (not) to do sth.)1. “Please pass me the plates, Tom.” Mum said. 2. The teacher said to the students, “Please hand in your homework after class.” 3. The policeman said to the c

11、hildren, “Dont play in the street.”4. Mr. Brown said, “Dont make such a mistake again, Mary.”二陳述句系列 (that引導(dǎo), 從句時(shí)態(tài)隨主句謂語動(dòng)詞變化，即主句謂動(dòng)為said, 從句時(shí)態(tài)改為對(duì)應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，但客觀真理不變時(shí)態(tài))1. “Dick is the tallest in our class.” Mike said to his mum.2. “My sister likes music very much.” He said.3. “We have lived here for ten year

12、s.” She said.4. Mr. Green said to the boys, “There are at least seven colours in the light.”5. “I will tell you as soon as I see you tomorrow.” Sally said to Tom.6. “My sister is playing music now.” Jim told me .7. “Seeing is believing.” The teacher told us.8. “I would rather stay at home on holiday

13、s.” The boy always says.三一般疑問句系列 (if/whether引導(dǎo), 從句時(shí)態(tài)也隨主句謂語動(dòng)詞變化，語序?yàn)殛愂鼍湔Z序，助動(dòng)詞do, does, did不再出現(xiàn)句中)1. “Will he come tomorrow?” We dont know. 2. “Did you see anybody in the park last night?” The police asked the man.3 “Would you go with me or stay at home?” David asked Mary.4 “Does the light travel faste

14、r than the sound?” The little boy asked his father.5 “Are you watching TV now?” I asked Tom.6 Will you choose the red one or the blue one? The shopkeeper asked me.7 Are you able to repair the spaceship? The scientist asked the boy.8. Did you hand in the project yesterday? The teacher asked the stude

15、nt.9Do you like reading books? He asked Kelly. 10“Could you help me with the work?” he asked.四特殊疑問句系列 (原疑問詞引導(dǎo), 從句時(shí)態(tài)也隨主句謂語動(dòng)詞變化，語序?yàn)殛愂鼍湔Z序。)1. “What do you usually do at the weekend?” She asked me.2. “How can I get to the station?” He asked the police.3. “Where did he go?” I want to know. 4. “How much d

16、oes this book cost?” He wanted to know. 5. “Which one would you like?” Mum asked me.6. “How many cards did you get?” She wanted to know. 7. Who are you writing to? He asked me.8. How soon are you going back tomorrow? Sally asked Tom.9. Whose child are you looking for? The police asked the woman.10.

17、“How long have you studied English?” I asked him. 五將復(fù)合句改成簡(jiǎn)單句: (主句從句是同一主語，則可以簡(jiǎn)化為疑問詞+ to do) 1. I dont know what I should do next. 2. I dont know how I can play the violin. 3. Can you tell me where I can get a dictionary? 4. I wonder who I should ask for help.5. I dont know whether I should discuss it

18、 with my parents or not. 6. She has no idea where she should spend her holiday.7. They want to know what medicine they should take.(綜合練習(xí)) 一根據(jù)所給提示完成下列句子：1Mr. Li said that he _ _ the book before. (read)2. When we reached the station, the train _ _. (leave)3. He_ _ a teacher for many years before he be

19、came a writer. (become)4. He doesnt know _ _ _ _ Beijing. (什么時(shí)候去)5. Mary told John _ _ _ so much. (不要擔(dān)心)6. Miss Liu asked me why I _ _ _ class. (上學(xué)遲到)7. Sam asked me if I often _ _ _ when I _ at school. (上學(xué)時(shí)騎車)8. My father told me that he _ _ Beijing many times. (visit)9. Classes _ _ when I _ to sch

20、ool. (到達(dá)時(shí)上課了)10. The whole family planned that they _ _ dinner together at the coming weekend. (have)11. Tom said he _ _ as soon as he _ his homework. (一完成就過來)12. Bill said he _ _ a model plane if he _ time. (有時(shí)間就會(huì)做)13. When Alex got to the office, the meeting _ _ _ for 20 minutes. (開始)14. When I ar

21、rived at the station, the train _ _ _ for 5 minutes. (離開)15. You should tell the police what you _ _ at about 10 last night. (do)16. I felt really sorry for what I _ _. (do)17.He told me that he _ _ _ snakes before. (never eat)18. The salesman asked me what he _ _ for me. (can do)19. I asked him if

22、he usually _ morning exercises. (do)20. He said he _ _ today, but we havent seen him yet. (come)二單項(xiàng)選擇：1. I heard your brother _ to England.A. goes B. had gone C. to go D. go2. He said he _ at home if it _.A. would stay, rains B. will stay, rains C. would stay, rained D. stayed, rained3. -A: “Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” -B: What did he ask?- C: He asked me _ the way to the hospital.A. if I can tell him B. whether could I tell him C. if I could tell