牛津英語5A英語語法 (五)代詞

1、牛津英語5A英語語法(五)代詞一代詞:代詞是代替名詞以及起名詞作用的短語、分句和句子的詞。二代詞的種類:1. 人稱代詞主格I , you, he, she, it, we, you, they賓格me, you, him, her, it, us, you , them 2. 物主代詞形容詞性的物主代詞my, your, his , her, its, our, your ,their 名詞性的物主代詞mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs3. 反身代詞myself, herself, themselves 4. 相互代詞有:each

2、other, one another 5. 提示代詞有:this , that , these , those , those 6. 疑問代詞who, what, whose 7. 關(guān)系代詞which, that, who 8. 連接代詞what, who, whose9. 不定代詞沒有指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞叫做不定代詞 all, each, both, either, neither, one, any10. 指示代詞that, this ,these, those三代詞的使用方法1. 人稱代詞是表示我、你、他、她、它、我們、你們、他們的詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化。物主代詞

3、表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種。表示我自己、你自己、他自己、我們自己、你們自己和他們自己等的代詞，叫做自身代詞，也稱為反身代詞。詳件見下表: 人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞第一人稱單數(shù)Imemy minemyself復(fù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復(fù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱單數(shù)hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsItself復(fù)數(shù)theythemt

4、heirtheirsthemselves句法功能作主語,其中she指帶代國家,it可指代天氣時(shí)間等。作賓語介詞賓語表語作定語作主語,賓語,介詞賓語,表語書信yours作賓語,介詞賓語,表語主語同為語根據(jù)上表的例句如下:She doesnt believe us.When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.Youll find your books among mine on the bookshelf.-Who is it? -Its me.Our room is on the first floor, and theirs is on th

5、e second.They think too much of themselves.A week later, I myself had to go to Paris.Help yourself!We cook for ourselves.I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.The cap is Jacks.注意:在連續(xù)使用兩個(gè)以上人稱代詞時(shí)，通常單數(shù)you放在第一位， I 放在最后；復(fù)數(shù)we放在第一位，they放在最后。簡(jiǎn)單記成:單數(shù)2,3,1，復(fù)數(shù)1,2,3 。都是三人稱，女后男在先。例如:You and I can h

6、elp each other.They couldnt have seen Tom and me there.You, Tom and I are leaving next month.You or they must pass the exam.We, you and they should go there together.2. 疑問代詞(who, whom, which, what, whose) 用來構(gòu)成疑問句，在句中可以起名詞詞組作用。指人: who, whom, whose指物: what既可指人又可指物: whichwho與whom. (whom是who的賓格)Who told

7、 you the truth?Whom are you talking with?whose, which, what(在非限定的數(shù)量中選擇用what,在限定的數(shù)量中選擇which)Whose book is this?What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?Which book you like better, the English book or the Chinese book?What are you reading now?Whats your father?Whose books are these

8、 on the desk?注意:疑問代詞用于對(duì)介詞賓語提問時(shí)，過去的文體中介詞和疑問代詞通常一起放在句首，現(xiàn)代英語中，疑問代詞在句首，介詞在句未。For what do most students study?What are you looking for?3. 指示代詞this, these, that , those被用作名詞中心詞的修飾語時(shí)屬于限定詞，而單獨(dú)用來代替名詞詞組時(shí)是代詞。This is the bus we want.Put these in your bag.My idea is this.How do you think of this idea?注意:that和tho

9、se有時(shí)用來代表前面提到的名詞，以避免重復(fù)。The best coal is that from Newcastle.Those who wish to go may sign up here.4. 不定代詞用法辨析neithernor 沒有也沒有either or 不是就是both兩者都o(jì)ne the other 兩個(gè)中的一個(gè),另一個(gè)another 再一個(gè),又一個(gè)every 作定語,每一個(gè). (可以形成合成詞 everybody everything)each每一個(gè),一個(gè)個(gè)的加以考慮時(shí)用.None 否定意思,沒有一個(gè)5其它代詞在高中部分會(huì)有進(jìn)一步講解。練習(xí)題: 1. The weather

10、in Guangzhou is hotter than _ in Shenyang.A. thatB. ItC. thisD. one 2. Mr. Green is our English teacher. _comes from U. S. A.A. heB. sheC. itD. they3. My bike is broken. May I borrow_?A. youB. yourselfC. yoursD. your4. Would you like some tea? Yes, just_-.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little bit5. Wou

11、ld you like some tea or coffee? _. Thanks, Ive had enough.A. eitherB. neitherC. someD. both6. I bought _ exercise books with _ money.A. a few, a fewB. a few, a littleC. a little, a fewD. a little, a little7. I made the cake by _. Help _, Tom.A. ourselves, yourselfB. myself, yourselfC. myself, youD.

12、me, him8. Enjoy_, May and Mary.A. yourselfB. myselfC. yourselvesD. themselves9. _ house is this ?Its mine.A. WhatB. WhoC. WhoseD. Whose10. She is a student and _ name is Mary.A. sheB. herC. hersD. his11. She will go skating and I will do _.A. suchB. sameC. the same asD. the same12. _ is he?He is a b

13、us driver.A. who B. whichC. thatD. what13. _ hat is this?Its _.A. Whose, meB. Who, mineC. Whom, hisD. Whose, mine14. The population of China is larger than _ of Japan.A. oneB. itC. thatD. those15. Li Li is clever than _ in his class.A. anybodyB. anyone elseC. else anyoneD. somebody else16. _ like mu

14、sic.A. Both of themB. Both of theyC. The both girlsD. Both them17. Could you give me some ink?Sorry, I have_ in my bottle.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little18. He has _ to tell us.A. something importantB. important somethingC. anything usefulD. useful nothing19. Would you like _ coffee? Yes, Id like

15、 _.A. any, anyB. some, someC. some, anyD. any, some20. _ of the teachers are ok in our school.A. everyB. eachC. eitherD. all21. Of the three foreigners, one is from London, _ are from the USA.A. two othersB. the other tooC. another twoD. the both22. Which would you like, sir, tea or coffee?I dont mi

16、nd. _ is ok.A. EitherB. NeitherC. AnyD. Both23. Help _ to some chicken, boys and girls.A. youB. yoursC. yourselfD. yourselves24. What do you usually have for breakfast?_ milk and _ eggs.A. Little, a littleB. A few, fewC. A little, a fewD. A few, a little25. Who taught _ history last year?Nobody! He

17、learned it _.A. him, himselfB. his, himselfC. himself, himselfD. his, him26. There isnt _ paper here. Will you go and get _for me?A. any, anyB. any, someC. much, manyD. many, much27. The farmer is busy because hes so _ sheep to keep and so _ work to do.A. much, manyB. many, muchC. many, a lotD. a lo

18、t, much28. On _ side of the river therere many tall trees.A everyB. allC. bothD. each29. Whose photo is this?Its _.A. meB. mineC. myD. myself30. Who is playing the piano in the next room?_ is Li Pings brother.A. ThisB. ThatC. ItD. He 31. The old man has two sons, but _ of them lives with him.A. both

19、B. noneC. neitherD. all32. You have more apples than I, but _ are bigger than_.A. my, yourB. my, yoursC. mine, yourD. mine, yours33. There is _ meat at home. Would you please go and buy_?A. some, a littleB. a little, anyC. little, someD. little, any34. My parents are workers. _ both work in the same

20、 factory.A. themB. theyC. heD. she35. Can you come on Friday or Saturday?Im afraid _ day is possible.A. eitherB. sameC. nayD. neither36. He cant hear you, because there is _ noise here.A. very muchB. too muchC. much tooD. so many37. All of us were invited, but _ of us came.A. neitherB. noneC. bothD.

21、 any38. There isnt _ water in the cup.A. anyB. manyC. someD. the 39. We have _ sugar. Really? Lets go and buy some.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little40. There isnt _ milk in the fridge. Youd better buy some.A. noB. anyC. someD. a few41. Help_ to some meat, Mary.A. themselvesB. ourselvesC. yourselfD. himself42. Though they had cleaned the door, there was still _ water on it.A. littleB. a littleC. fewD. a few43. The old man kept one black dog and two white_.A. oneB. onesC. thoseD. ones44. _ of us has read the newspaper, so we know nothing about it.A. so